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Abstract: Mounding site preparation for forest restoration: survival and short term growth response in Quercus robur L. seedlings control of natural vegetation during afforestation and reforestation is necessary to avoid economical losses through growth reduction and mortality in seedlings. The present field experiment, carried out on a ground-water influenced site with planted oak, included three site preparation treatments and undisturbed control (C). The treatments were: repeated herbicide application (H), mounding site preparation (MSP), and mounding site preparation in combination with repeated herbicide application (MSP+H). The mounds were 25m long, 2m wide and 20cm high inverted mounds on humus, and this method is sometimes also called bedding. Seedlings were monitored for 3 years and at the end of the experiment 90% of oak seedlings survived in the various site preparation methods compared with 58% in the undisturbed control. The best growth was obtained when mounding site preparation was combined with repeated herbicide treatment, producing five times greater seedling biomass compared with the control. Mounding site preparation resulted in equal growth of seedlings compared with repeated herbicide application. Interference from vegetation had a strong negative effect on seedling growth while mounding site preparation itself resulted in a positive seedling growth response. We conclude that mounding site preparation is an efficient tool for forest managers in establishing oak stands and is a good alternative to herbicide treatment on certain sites. On the other hand, a relatively large disturbance area and deep soil disturbances may impair recreational values and destroy archaeological remains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discusses the silvicultural methods of urban forestry in Sweden. Origin of urban forests; Maintenance of individual trees; Values of urban forestry for the society.