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Allanite, a member of the epidote supergroup, is a widespread rare earth element (REE)-rich accessory mineral in the late Archean Closepet batholith (Dharwar craton, India). It is commonly associated with titanite. Previously recognized shear zones served as preferential paths for magma and later fluids. As a response to hydrothermal activity, allanite exhibits complex alteration textures, geochemical features, and breakdown products that vary across the batholith. In the central zone, allanite displays the largest variations. It has decomposed into secondary allanite, bastnäsite, chlorite, thorite, calcite, pyrite, and galena. In the southern zone, magmatic allanite core is preserved. The alteration products in the marginal regions are limited to secondary allanite, bastnäsite, chlorite, thorite, and synchysite. The breakdown products and textural features of allanite in the northern intrusions differ strongly from those in the other zones of the Closepet batholith and are limited to secondary allanite and chamosite. However, nanoscale element remobilization at the interface between allanite and titanite is evident. The observed texture in allanite indicates a complete dissolution–reprecipitation process. The chemical variations and differences in alteration products after allanite indicate that the fluid composition changed along the Closepet granitoid. The fluids that altered the allanite were most likely F-, Cl-, and CO 2 -rich and alkaline but eventually became acidic. When the chlorine-bearing fluids reached the northern zone, the concentrations or active contributions of CO 2 , F and H 2 S were very low. The alteration products (bastnäsite, chlorite, and thorite) indicate a rather low-temperature fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Zircon and monazite from the Stolpen granite and related rhyolitic dyke show magmatic as well as post-magmatic textures. The magmatic textures are overprinted by post-magmatic fluid interaction which is indicated by elevated contents of Y, P, Th, and U in altered zircon domains. This can be observed both in the granite and rhyolite; however these processes were less intensive in the rhyolite. Patchy zoning in primary monazite from the granite also suggests fluid-induced alterations. High Ca, Pb, and Si contents and depletion in Th, as well as porous, spongy textures in monazite from the rhyolite are results of fluid-induced alterations that caused also crystallization of cheralite. Zircon and monazite from the granite are accompanied by fluorite, Y-rich and Nb-rich minerals. The alteration of primary, magmatic accessory minerals and formation of secondary minerals is interpreted as related to magmatic fluids, which origin cannot be defined precisely on the base of the present data, however their composition suggests some mantle contribution. The presence of fluorine and CO2 which promoted the transport of some HFSE and LILE accounts for their enrichment in the accessory minerals. Fluids that affected the accessory minerals from the rhyolite show different features (silica- and Ca-enrichment) and most probably came from another source. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]