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Armut als gesamtgesellschaftliches Problem und in Verbindung mit ökologischen Fragen stellt Organisationen der Sozialen Arbeit und der Kindheitspädagogik zugleich vor alte und neue Herausforderungen. Diesen Schwerpunkt einleitend werden Perspektiven auf Armut und Organisationen angerissen, die einen solidarischen, auf Emanzipation zielenden Umgang zu ermöglichen suchen. Über den bisherigen Tellerrand blicken sie hinaus, indem mit Bezug auf Beiträge des Schwerpunktes ökologische Fragen in den Blick genommen werden sowie Fragen nach der Rolle der (organisierten) Sozialen Arbeit in Selbstorganisationszusammenhängen potenziell armutserfahrener Menschen.

Die Einleitung in den Themenschwerpunkt „Neue Rechte, Rechtspopulismus und Soziale Arbeit“ skizziert aktuelle rechtspopulistische respektive neurechte Entwicklungen und stellt deren Bezugspunkte zur Sozialen Arbeit dar.

Das frühpädagogische Feld ist mit der Hoffnung konfrontiert, soziale Ungleichheiten durch die Anregung von Bildungsprozessen bei Kindern abmildern zu können. Erstaunlicherweise scheint dies noch kaum in der Ausbildung des Fachpersonals Berücksichtigung zu finden. Hier setzt der Beitrag an, indem diskutiert wird, wie auf Basis wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse Materialien für die berufliche Ausbildung angehender Fachkräfte entwickelt werden können, die über die Anerkennung der Situiertheit von Wissen und im dialogischen Verfahren Lernprozesse fördern können.

The quality of a vision system is influenced by many factors; primarily by the resolution of the lens and the sensor. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a well-established method for determining and comparing the resolution of lenses. However, for the performance assessment of the overall system, the resolution of the sensor must be taken into additional consideration. How can the sensor be incorporated into this model? This article explains the fundamentals of the optical transfer function and the resulting MTF. In addition, the other important factors that influence sensors and lenses are explained in detail, to provide the optimum performance of a vision system.

Stereo cameras perceive the world in a manner similar to humans; this similarity allows machines using stereo technology to perform and interact like human partners. Robots equipped with a stereo camera can grasp objects autonomously, without the need for additional sensors or lights. Autonomous cars can have the ability to detect a human crossing the street and accurately determine their distance from the moving car, and their walking speed. The selection of the correct lens for a stereo application is much more important than for a setup with a single camera. The position and perspective of each camera with respect to the other determines the system's accuracy. Environmental parameters require consideration, in addition to temperature, shock, and vibration.

Mit Rückgriff auf empirisches Material aus einem Projekt zum Thema Armut in Kindertagesstätten argumentieren die Autorinnen, wie die potentielle Verfügbarkeit sozialstaatlicher Unterstützungsleistungen, z.B. das Bildungs- und Teilhabepaket (BuT), die Pädagog_innen in den Institutionen vor Herausforderungen stellt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Fachkräfte sich einerseits in der Verantwortung sehen, diese Leistungen für die Eltern zu beantragen, respektive zu erbringen und andererseits sozialstaatliche Unterstützung ebenfalls als Argument genutzt wird, um der Thematisierung von Armut zu entgehen.

With image processing algorithms and in particular with deep learning being so powerful, it is tempting to concentrate on this processing side and less on the actual hardware taking the images. Lens selection is very often left to last in both R&D and product manufacturing cycles. Putting effort into selecting the right lens, will not only allow an engineer to leverage the full potential of a camera's image sensor but it is also one of the first tools of data reduction and system simplification, key points to building any solution. Familiarity with the following five key criteria will help select the best lens for any application.

The onset of the N-nitrosamine (NA) saga in 2018 was chiefly related to certain small dialkyl N-nitrosamines originating from the synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). However, the subsequent comprehensive assessments performed on APIs, formulated drug products, and packaging put a different type of NAs in the limelight: a diverse range of complex so-called nitrosamine drug-substance-related impurities (NDSRIs). They may form due to the presence of potentially nitrosatable secondary or tertiary amine moieties in APIs or API impurities and nitrosating agents formed from low levels of nitrite present as impurities. The unique properties of the amine functional group make it irreplaceable in the synthesis of APIs. While nitrite levels may be reduced, the formation of NAs in drug products cannot be completely prevented, and the class default acceptable intake (AI) of 18 ng/day currently poses significant challenges in terms of both viable control and analysis at such low levels. Even so, NA exposure through pharmaceuticals is expected to be orders of magnitude lower than the exposure via food or endogenous formation. While robust carcinogenicity data are available for many of the small, simple NAs, there is a distinct absence of such data for most NDSRIs. Many working groups have therefore been established to share data and rapidly improve knowledge (whether in terms of toxicity data, structure–activity relationships, or analytical techniques), to define best practices to assess the genotoxic potential of NDSRIs, and to advance methods to calculate AIs based on solid scientific rationales. Ultimately, to protect patients from true cancer risk and secure access to important medicines, it is crucial for manufacturers and health authorities to pursue efforts to implement NA control strategies that are equally effective and realistic. As patient safety is paramount, the pharmaceutical industry is committed to ensuring that the medicines it supplies are safe and effective. Where legitimate safety concerns exist, it is undisputed that appropriate actions must be taken, which could include withdrawal of products from the market.

Applications of ‘resilience’ have stretched it to the point of breaking, yet it still maintains a remarkable capacity to organize relations in diverse fields of geographical concern such as ecological management, development, security, psychology and urban preparedness. Critical takes on resilience have emphasized its neo-liberal roots and utility. Whilst we do not disagree with this stance, our critical intervention argues that there are multiple resiliences invoking differing spatialities, temporalities and political implications and that this multiplicity is an important part of the work that resilience can do. We explore diverse mobilizations of resilience thinking across a wide array of empirical domains drawing out the differing ontological bases of resiliences and the interventions meant to promote them, particularly given the tension between a desire for open, non-linearity on the one hand and a mission to control and manage on the other. Rather than take resilience to be a determinedly new shift in policymaking, we explore how the post-political qualities of ‘resilience multiple’ can enable changes in behaviours and practices that slide between conflicting and contestable visions of the good life and desirable futures. We argue that the only way to critically interrogate resilience is to force the question of particulars in its diverse articulations, and, thus, geographers should engage in debating the ontological politics of resilience multiple.

In this response to the commentaries, we expand on the intent behind the format of our article, which was undertaken in order to understand how resilience might be politically taken to task in light of the divergent ways in which it appears in the world. We take on (and sympathize with) the critique that our article sacrifices the ethnographic depth central to Mol’s work on ontological politics, which forms the conceptual backbone of our arguments. Although this approach could not dig deep into each instance, we argue that it did allow common currents of resilience politics to come to the fore, namely, questions concerning ontologies of site and intervention that should be asked of all resilience enactments. From here, we engage with the different commentaries related to politics and critical thought and insist on our core concern that ontologies of site and intervention are crucial for interrogating security, care, and responsibility, which are fundamentally at stake in all resilience governance. Finally, we reflect on ways in which our article was perhaps not multiple enough and draw encouragement from the commentaries that applied our questions of site and intervention to the authors’ own situated perspectives or areas of study, in particular through indigenous ontologies. These are taken as illustrations of the value of attending to the ontological politics of resilience multiple by forcing questions of power/knowledge, responsibility and value that scratch beneath the surface of current resilience fashions.

AbstractUsing two post-9/11 films set in New York City, Cloverfield (2008) and The Visitor (2008), this article interrogates the urban space of pre-emptive security practice in the United States. Putting these two films together, and tracing their characters’ paths through the city, offers insights into the relationship between threat imaginaries, security practices and the complex cities within which they are interwoven. While pointing to some of the continuities with longer-standing socio-spatial tactics of urban control, this analysis also draws attention to the particular spatio-temporal landscape of pre-emption, which has come to define post-9/11 security stances. It is argued that pre-emptive security imaginaries and practices are stretched across urban spaces in ambiguous and uneven ways as attempts are made to render urban complexity, uncertainty and circulation visible and knowable. The cinematic paths of the characters in Cloverfield and The Visitor offer points of micro-visibility onto post-9/11 urban security practice as a circulatory process that is not ultimately fixed or fully competent. In this way the article complicates the imagination of a seamless, fully rendered urban battlespace and instead stresses the active process of securitizing potentialities and acts that slip in and out of the innumerable spatial stories that compose the urban fabric.

The article focuses on U.S. public schools as the next significant trend for private equity and venture capital as of 2012. It says investors are starting to become aware of the huge profit potential in public education. It discusses the highlights of a conference on private equity investing in for-profit education companies held in New York, including special education as a growth market. Investors advise schools struggling to balance budgets to turn to the private sector for assistance.

Focuses on the foreign news coverage of the Russian press. Foreign news orientation of the newspaper `Izvestia' and other media entities; Contrast between foreign news coverage at present and during the communist era; Foreign stories that make news in Russia.