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Penetrating neck injuries are potentially life-threatening emergencies that can pose significant airway difficulties. There is a lack of evidence regarding the best practice for airway management in these patients. We aimed to describe a multistep approach to airway management in a 36-year-old patient with a 3 cm deep penetrating neck stab wound. A combined technique of videolaryngoscope and fiberoptic scope was utilized to secure the airway, considering the patient’s stability and cooperation. In conclusion, D blade-assisted tracheal intubation following rapid sequence induction can be considered as a safe alternative to awake intubation with a high success rate in selected patients with penetrating neck injuries.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of stock mispricing on corporate investment decisions by taking the sample of non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2008-2014. Design/methodology/approach: To measure the mispricing, this study decomposes the market-to-book ratio into mispricing and growth components and measures corporate investment by capital expenditures. Fixed and random effect panel regression models are used to estimate the results. Findings: Results of the study show that firms issue overvalued equity to finance the capital expenditures. Consistent with other studies, the relationship between stock mispricing and investment is more prominent in the financially constrained firms. In addition, cash flow investment sensitivity is higher in financially unconstrained firms. Practical implications: Nonetheless, the results give important implications to the Pakistan Stock Market on how the mispricing enhances the welfare by relaxing the financial constraints and allowing the managers to make investment in profitable projects that otherwise go non-funded. These findings have interesting implications for further research in the literature of finance and also help in economic policy-making. Originality/value: This study finds the impact of stock mispricing on corporate investment decisions by considering the role of market timing in the context of Pakistan.

Background: Antiviral response rates are highly variable in Hepatitis B chronically infected individuals due to its extensive genetic variability. This genetic inconsistency varies from region to region and highly affects the severity of disease, its progression and treatment outcome. Idea of the existing work is to come across out antiviral response rates of interferon and lamivudine in HBV positive individuals after one year of treatment and their correlation with genotypes in Pakistani isolates. Methods: Sera samples were collected from treated patients and then were subjected to DNA extraction followed by genotyping. Quantification analysis using real time PCR was performed before the treatment, after six months interval and finally in the follow up period of 6 months. Results: Out of total 100 (75% males and 25% females) selected 74 patients [(52/74 (70%) male and 22/74 (30%) females] completed the lamivudine standard therapy (100mg/day) with an end treatment response (ETR) rate of 43/74 (58.1%) while 26 patients were getting interferon-alpha (IFN-?) treatment (5mIU/inj.) showed 4/26 (15.38%) ETR and 12/26 (46.1%), whereas 10/26 (38.4%) were nonresponders. In interferon treated patients, ETR was higher in genotype A, B and C in number of patients respectively 1, 6 and 8. Whereas it was more in genotype D, A, B and F 14, 13, 2, (61.5%, 56.5%, 50% and 25% respectively) after lamivudine treatment. Conclusion: Overall, the treatment response was significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in patients under 40 years of age. The current study shows a high ETR to antiviral therapy in Pakistan in comparison to other parts of the globe for a defined period of one year.

The Family Impact Scale for Hoarding (FISH) was designed to assess the disruption experienced, by members of a familial or social circle, due to one individual's hoarding difficulties. The scale was drafted to examine two aspects of impact: accommodation and burden. The current study describes the scale's development and preliminary validation.