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Purpose: Simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPKT) remains the best treatment option in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney failure. There are only a few studies addressing the potential ischemic deterioration of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) due to blood diverting from the iliac artery to the kidney graft. We aimed to evaluate diabetic foot lesions and PAD evolution in SPKT recipients and investigate if they are more frequent in ipsilateral lower limb of kidney graft. Methods: We developed a retrospective cohort, including patients submitted to SPKT in our tertiary center, between 2000 and 2017. Diabetic foot lesions and PAD frequencies were compared in the period before and after transplantation. Results: Two hundred and eleven patients were included, 50.2% (n= 106) female, with a median age at transplantation of 35 years (IQR 9). After a median follow-up period of 10 years (IQR 7), patient, kidney, and pancreatic graft survival were 90.5% (n= 191), 83.4% (n= 176), and 74.9% (n= 158), respectively. Before transplant, 2.8% (n= 6) had PAD and 5.3% (n= 11) had history of foot lesions. In post-transplant period, 17.1% (n= 36) patients presented PAD and 25.6% (n= 54) developed diabetic foot ulcers, 47.6% (n= 35) of which in the ipsilateral and 53.3% (n= 40) in the contralateral lower limb of the kidney graft (p= 0.48). Nine patients (4.3%) underwent major lower limb amputation, 3 (30%) ipsilateral and 7 (70%) contralateral to the kidney graft (p= 0.29). Conclusions: Diabetic foot lesions were not more frequent in the ipsilateral lower limb of the kidney graft, therefore downgrading the ‘steal syndrome’ role in these patients.

The Papôa Volcanic Breccia (Peniche, West Portugal) is a Mesozoic pyroclastic deposit that includes numerous igneous and metamorphic xenoliths belonging to the Variscan basement of the Lusitanian Basin, in which this unit outcrops. These rocks correspond mostly to syenogranites and diatexites affected by intense pyrometamorphism and, despite their strong secondary alteration by weathering, they still preserve several original petrographic features that are traceable to the lithologies that comprise the Berlengas Archipelago, located 15 km offshore the Peniche coast. New geochemical and mineral chemistry data now indicate a genetic relationship between these basement xenoliths and the Late Devonian migmatites outcropping in the Farilhões Anatectic Complex. Such evidence strongly suggests the physical continuity of these high-grade metamorphic terrains at least to the Peniche region, thus constraining the nature and composition of the crustal block beneath the sedimentary sequences of the Lusitanian Basin in the studied location. In addition, in situ LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of rutile formed during the pyrometamorphic event endured by the xenoliths provided an age of 92.3 ± 1.4 Ma for the Papôa volcanic eruption, placing this occurrence within the third magmatic cycle related to the opening and spreading of the North Atlantic Ocean in the West Iberian Margin.

Aim: Women with early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have overall lower gestational weight gain (GWG) compared to those with later-onset GDM, albeit with usually worse maternofetal outcomes. We intent to investigate the association between inadequate GWG and maternofetal outcomes in pregnant women with early-onset GDM. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of women with early-onset GDM based on the National Registry of GDM. Three study groups were defined according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine for GWG: excessive GWG (eGWG), adequate (aGWG) or insufficient (iGWG). Results: A total of 8040 pregnant women were included: 27% (n= 2170) eGWG, 31% (n= 2492) aGWG and 42% (n= 3378) iGWG. Preeclampsia (4.3 vs 3 vs 1.6%, p< 0.001), polyhydramnios (3.1 vs 2.3 vs 1.8%, p= 0.008) and cesarean section (37.4 vs 34.1 vs 29.5%, p< 0.001) were significantly more frequent among women with eGWG. Additionally, there was a higher frequency of macrosomia (8.1 vs 3.6 vs 2.4%, p< 0.001), large-for-gestational-age (8.2 vs 3.7 vs 2.6%, p< 0.001) and birth trauma (2.6 vs 1.5 vs 1.1%, p< 0.001) in this group. On the other hand, fetal death (0.2 vs 0.2 vs 0.5%, p= 0.04), small-for-gestational-age (9 vs 10.3 vs 14.9, p< 0.001) and preterm delivery (5.6 vs 7.1 vs 7.5%, p= 0.03) were more frequent in iGWG group. Conclusions: Over two-thirds of pregnant women with early-onset GDM had inappropriate GWG, which was significantly associated with adverse maternofetal outcomes. Weight management must be a focus of special attention in women with early-onset GDM, beyond glycemic control, to achieve healthy pregnancy outcomes.

Diabetes affects multiple systems in complex manners. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a result of diabetes‐induced microarterial vessel disease and peripheral neuropathy. The presence of arteriosclerosis‐induced macroarterial disease can further complicate DFU pathophysiology. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal stromal cell therapies can enhance tissue regeneration. This phase I study was designed to determine the safety and explore the efficacy of local injections of autologous adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to treat nonhealing DFUs greater than 3 cm in diameter. Sixty‐three patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic DFU—all amputation candidates—were treated with 30 × 106SVF cells injected in the ulcer bed and periphery and along the pedal arteries. Patients were seen at 6 and 12 months to evaluate ulcer closure. Doppler ultrasounds were performed in a subset of subjects to determine vascular structural parameters. No intervention‐related serious adverse events were reported. At 6 months, 51 subjects had 100% DFU closure, and 8 subjects had ≥75% closure. Three subjects had early amputations, and one subject died. At 12 months, 50 subjects had 100% DFU healing and 4 subjects had ≥85% healing. Five subjects died between the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits. No deaths were intervention related. Doppler studies in 11 subjects revealed increases in peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index in 33 of 33 arteries, consistent with enhanced distal arterial runoff. These results indicate that SVF can be safely used to treat chronic DFU, with evidence of efficacy (wound healing) and mechanisms of action that include vascular repair and/or angiogenesis. Experimental design and outcomes.

In situ dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of supercritical CO2is investigated as an alternative technique to load copaiba (Copaiferassp.) oil in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The dispersing agent was vinyl-terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane), and the initiator was benzoyl peroxide. All reactions were carried out at 80 °C for 4 h under pressures ranging from 16 to 18 MPa. PMMA microparticles were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The obtained results indicate that spherical PMMA particles containing up to 5% w/w copaiba oil can be prepared in the reaction conditions applied in this work. Copaiba oil consists of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, mainly due to the presence of trans-β-caryophyllene. A preliminary evaluation shows that in situ incorporation of copaiba oil into PMMA particles through dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical CO2is promising and may be of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry.

Diaphorina citriKuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), named as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is the vector of the bacterium associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease. The use of citrus flushing and ACP monitoring tools is essential for the knowledge of the occurrence pattern of cycles of both and for the improvement of the ACP management. During 3 years, 20 branches from 20 trees were evaluated for vegetative flushing, ACP abundance, and occupation in tree and branches in a Brazilian citrus area free for HLB. The obtained data was investigated through spectral and co-spectral analyses. Four to 12 flush shoot cycles occurred per year, which were similar to abundance and occupation cycles of ACP, with an apparent synchronization between these variables. In general, there was a difference from 14 to 19 days between flushing and ACP peaks, with an occurrence of the flushing peaks before the ACP peaks. Results will provide useful information to citrus growers and agricultural defense agencies to apply a suitable and targeted ACP management, which will avoid or delay the disease entrance into still free HLB areas. In addition, the modeling of occupation and abundance cycles of vectors as applied in this study may be useful for other pathosystems which insect vectors are associated or even in the intrusion monitoring programs.

This investigation provides comprehensive knowledge regarding metal cutting tribology with the purpose of re-examining the role of Oxygen in the process mechanics. Special purpose apparatus and tribological tools were designed and used to conduct experimental cutting tests on pure metals under Oxygen-rich surrounding medium. It was observed that chip curl, sticking and sliding zones are intimately connected with Oxygen concentration. The main research contribution of this study however, is the assessment of friction coefficient as a function of the process parameters, rather than a constant numeric value, resulting from complex phenomena at the contact interface between the cutting tool and the underside of the newly formed chip.

Surface ocean circulation in the western equatorial Atlantic is mainly wind driven and plays a major role for the transport of warm waters to the North Atlantic. Past changes in the strength and direction of the trade winds are well documented, but the response of the western equatorial Atlantic circulation and water column structure to these changes is unclear. Here we used the difference between the stable isotopic oxygen composition of two species of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruberwhite and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) from two sediment cores collected off northeastern Brazil to investigate millennial‐ and orbital‐scale changes in upper ocean stratification since the Last Interglacial. Our records indicate enhanced upper ocean stratification during several Heinrich stadials, partly due to a shoaling of the thermocline, which was linked to a decrease in the strength of southeast trades winds. In addition, we show that a decrease in wind zonality induced by increases in Northern Hemisphere low‐latitude summer insolation causes a shoaling of the thermocline in the western equatorial Atlantic. These ocean‐atmosphere changes contributed to a reduction in the cross‐equatorial transport of warm waters, particularly during Heinrich stadials and Marine Isotope Stage 4. Changes in western equatorial Atlantic thermocline depth were recorded on millennial and orbital time scalesShoaling of the thermocline during Heinrich stadials was associated with weak southeast trade windsShoaling of the thermocline during periods of low‐latitude boreal summer insolation maxima occurred due to decreased wind zonality

Background: This serological study conducted between March and July 2015 investigated the status of onchocerciasis in Ogun State, Nigeria after a decade of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin. Baseline information from the rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) prior to MDA had indicated that Ogun State was meso-endemic to onchocerciasis. Following years of treatment with ivermectin, it has become important to investigate the current status of the disease using more sensitive diagnostic methods.Methods: The study was conducted in 32 communities in eight onchocerciasis-endemic local government areas (LGAs). Using the Ov16 rapid diagnostic test (Ov16 RDT), finger-prick whole blood was obtained from 3 895 consented participants from age five and above. Skin snips were obtained from a subset of 481 corresponding participants as the majority of community members did not consent to skin snipping.Results: Study revealed a cumulative seroprevalence of 9.3% (CI 9.29–9.31%) by RDT and 17.3% (CI 16.73–18.34%) microfilaridermia prevalence by the skin snip subset. Seroprevalence among children between the ages of five and nine was 2.9% (CI 1.74–3.53%) across all LGAs. A community microfilaria load (CMFL) between 0 and 1.21 MF/skin snip was recorded in the different communities studied. Among the studied LGAs, children in Odeda LGA recorded the highest seroprevalence by RDT (14.9%) followed by Abeokuta North (5.1%), Abeokuta South (4.8%) and Imeko-Afon (0.6%), while Ewekoro, Ifo, Obafemi-Owode and Yewa North LGAs recorded zero prevalence.Conclusion: It appears that the elimination of onchocerciasis in some LGAs is possible considering the lack of new infection among children and the hypo-endemicity among the adult population. However, the microfilaria prevalence observed among adults is of concern as it may imply that mass treatment has not been effective. Increased therapeutic coverage is advised to fully maximise the potential of ivermectin treatment to achieve the disease elimination.

In the adult mammalian brain, newborn granule cells are continuously integrated into hippocampal circuits, and the fine-tuning of this process is important for hippocampal function. Thus, the identification of factors that control adult neural stem cells (NSCs) maintenance, differentiation and integration is essential. Here we show that the deletion of the iron trafficking protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) induces deficits in NSCs proliferation and commitment, with impact on the hippocampal-dependent contextual fear discriminative task. Mice deficient in LCN2 present an increase in the NSCs population, as a consequence of a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest induced by increased endogenous oxidative stress. Of notice, supplementation with the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine rescues NSCs oxidative stress, promotes cell cycle progression and improves contextual fear conditioning. LCN2 is, therefore, a novel key modulator of neurogenesis that, through iron, controls NSCs cell cycle progression and death, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation and, ultimately, hippocampal function.

ABSTRACTMagnetic pulse welding (MPW) has recently been increasingly investigated for specific dissimilar material joining applications since this is a solid state clean process, with good energy efficiency that almost does not produce thermal degradation effects in the joint. This paper presents developments performed on a MPW machine to produce tubular joints in AA6063-T6 with lower energy than commercial machines. The welds were structural and mechanically characterised and fracture was always observed at ultimate tensile strengths above those of the base materials and outside the welded zone. An energy balance is also presented to verify the machine optimisation and the energy used compared to that reported for commercially available machines.

•This study determined binodal curves for the system biodiesel/metanol/water.•The curves showed the existence of immiscible system between biodiesel and water.•This data is required for design of extraction units for production of biodiesel.

•Obtain syngas from water electrolysis and liquefied biomass.•Obtained syngas: 66.7% H2, 25.3% CO; 8.0% O2.•Optimum conditions for electrolyte were: NaOH 1.2 M mixed with 20% liquefied cork.

Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) has recently been increasingly investigated for specific dissimilar material joining applications since this is a solid state clean process, with good energy efficiency that almost does not produce thermal degradation effects in the joint. This paper presents developments performed on a MPW machine to produce tubular joints in AA6063-T6 with lower energy than commercial machines. The welds were structural and mechanically characterised and fracture was always observed at ultimate tensile strengths above those of the base materials and outside the welded zone. An energy balance is also presented to verify the machine optimisation and the energy used compared to that reported for commercially available machines.

ABSTRACTIn an acidic pH, the phytic acid is more soluble and therefore, more susceptible to the action of an exogenous phytase (Phy). 50 Hy-Line W36 hens were randomly allocated into five treatments, each one with 10 replicates (one bird/replicate): (1) Positive Control (0.25% of available phosphorus (Pav)); (2) Negative Control (NC; 0.12% Pav); (3) NC + 0.5% lactic acid (LA); (4) NC + 450 FTU/kg Phy; (5) NC + 0.5% LA + 450 FTU/kg Phy. Low levels of Pav (0.12%) negatively affected the production parameters compared to the 0.25% Pav diet. LA alone only improved the egg laying production, egg mass, and feed intake. When Phy was included, the production parameters improved, being similar from 0.25% Pav diet. Additionally, the deposition of P, Ca, and Zn increased in the bone marrow, as well as Fe contents in the yolk. Phy addition decreased P excretion compared to diets with the same level of Pav. There was no difference between the use of Phy alone or in combination with LA. In conclusion, the addition of Phy into low Pav diets produced results that were similar to those obtained with 0.25% of Pav, without any additive effect seen when LA was also added.

The purpose of this study was to investigate behavior and survival of radio-tagged wild and hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic Salmon Salmo salarsmolts as they migrated past three hydropower dams equipped with fish bypass solutions in the Winooski River, Vermont. Among hatchery-reared smolts, those released early were more likely to initiate migration and did so after less delay than those released late. Once migration was initiated, however, the late-released hatchery smolts migrated at greater speeds. Throughout the river system, hatchery-reared fish performed similarly to wild fish. Dam passage rates varied between the three dams and was highest at the dam where unusually high spill levels occurred throughout the study period. Of the 50 fish that did migrate downstream, only 10% managed to reach the lake. Migration success was low despite the presence of bypass solutions, underscoring the need for evaluations of remedial measures; simply constructing a fishway is not synonymous with providing fish passage. Received July 8, 2016; accepted April 29, 2017 Published online June 30, 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate behavior and survival of radio-tagged wild and hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic Salmon Salmo salarsmolts as they migrated past three hydropower dams equipped with fish bypass solutions in the Winooski River, Vermont. Among hatchery-reared smolts, those released early were more likely to initiate migration and did so after less delay than those released late. Once migration was initiated, however, the late-released hatchery smolts migrated at greater speeds. Throughout the river system, hatchery-reared fish performed similarly to wild fish. Dam passage rates varied between the three dams and was highest at the dam where unusually high spill levels occurred throughout the study period. Of the 50 fish that did migrate downstream, only 10% managed to reach the lake. Migration success was low despite the presence of bypass solutions, underscoring the need for evaluations of remedial measures; simply constructing a fishway is not synonymous with providing fish passage.Received July 8, 2016; accepted April 29, 2017 Published online June 30, 2017

Non-aquatic reproductive modes have evolved among frogs possibly favored by some advantages such as the avoidance of aquatic predators. These reproductive modes, however, make the egg clutches susceptible to terrestrial predators, among which Diptera larvae are some of the most harmful. The present work reports the predation by phorid flies of 22 egg clutches of Phyllomedusa iheringiiBoulenger in the South of Brazil. Phorid specimens were identified as Megaselia bruchiana(Borgmeier & Schmitz) and Megaselia necrophaga(Enderlein), species that were reported previously to be associated with ants and dead beetles, respectively. Frog-feeding in these species is hypothesized to be use of an alternative seasonal food source. We amend the diagnoses of both Megaseliaspecies and provide new illustrations to facilitate their identification. We also describe the male of M. bruchianafor the first time and associate males with females of both species.

The emergence of 100‐Kyr glacial cycles (The Mid‐Pleistocene Transition [MPT]) is attributed in part to slower global overturning circulation and iron stimulation of biological carbon drawdown in the Southern Ocean. We present foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values and polar planktic foraminifera abundances from the Agulhas Plateau that show that increases in biogenic sediment accumulation coincide with northward migrations of the Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ) and elevated foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values during MPT glacial episodes. The nitrogen isotope values of two planktic foraminifera species, Globigerina bulloidesand Globorotalia inflatashow remarkable coherence amongst the sea surface temperature gradient between the STFZ and SAZ, and polar foraminifera abundances, indicating a strong relationship between nitrogen isotope dynamics above the Agulhas Plateau and migrations of the STFZ. Northward migration of the STFZ may have been essential to prolonging glacial intervals by increasing deep ocean carbon storage via a northward shift of the South Westerly Winds and a reduction in upwelling, delivery of fresher surface waters into the upper limb of global overturning circulation, or inhibiting heat and salt delivery to the Atlantic as Agulhas Leakage. The Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT) is a unique period of time, during which the natural rhythm of Earth's climate shifted, the pace of glacial and interglacial cycles changed from 40,000 years to 100,000 years as ice sheets expanded, carbon accumulated in the deep ocean, and the planet cooled. The exact cause of these changes is unclear, but internal system feedbacks were likely at play. As climate changes today and the oceans increasingly take up carbon, the MPT provides a unique case study to investigate Earth's natural climate system and important carbon cycle feedbacks. In this paper we use the nitrogen isotopic composition of plankton shells and other biogeochemical records to show that leading up to the MPT the Southern Ocean underwent major physical changes and expanded as 100,000 years glacial cycles emerged. Our data indicates that the expansion of the Southern Ocean delivered cold, nutrient rich waters northward where they could mix with warm, salty Indian and Atlantic Ocean waters as hypothesized by other studies. Foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values from the Agulhas Plateau record latitudinal migrations of the Subtropical FrontElevated foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values after 900 ka are consistent with Southern sourced nitrateSouthern Ocean contraction during a “super interglacial” brings more subtropical nitrate to the Agulhas Plateau Foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values from the Agulhas Plateau record latitudinal migrations of the Subtropical Front Elevated foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope values after 900 ka are consistent with Southern sourced nitrate Southern Ocean contraction during a “super interglacial” brings more subtropical nitrate to the Agulhas Plateau

(J Clin Anesth. 2021;73:110302)Operating room (OR) efficiency provides many benefits to patients, surgeons, staff, and hosting organizations including increased OR capacity. A previous retrospective study identified cases performed with neuraxial anesthesia at university hospitals as having the longest mean duration for OR use. Efficiencies and quality improvements are of interest to hospital administration and obstetric OR practice optimization, particularly in large academic hospitals in cases with neuraxial anesthesia. Herein causes of inefficiency are identified, along with improvement practices, and assessment of their efficacy.

Context.(Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) produce massive stars in large quantities in their central starburst regions. The expected rate of supernova explosions is, on average, about one per year. Detection of these supernovae in the expected numbers has proven elusive so far.

The goal of the present paper is to analyze spatial overlap and social conflicts between mountain bikers and runners in an Urban Green Park. The methodology uses publicly available volunteer geographic information, compiled in a spatial database with places (tracks) where these activities occur, in order to measure the use intensity. Results show: (1) the rate of biker and runner compliance with the park's trails, and (2) places where potential conflicts among users are likely to happen. Profiling user's preferences can help managers and decision makers to design proper infrastructure for outdoor activities. Strategic management errors can be avoided by knowing user preferences in urban parks, and by offering improved conditions which meet the expectations and needs of different user groups.