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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between parental and infant birth weights in Japan. In total, 37,504 pregnant Japanese women and their partners were included in this birth cohort study. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations of parental birth weights with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. Associations between parental birth weight and low birth weight (LBW) infants or macrosomia were also examined, and linear associations between parental birth weight and SGA or LGA were found. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for SGA infants per 500 g decrease in maternal and paternal birth weights were 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI],1.43–1.58) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.25–1.38), respectively. The aORs for LGA infants per 500 g increase in maternal and paternal birth weights were 1.53 (95% CI, 1.47–1.60) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.35–1.47), respectively. The association between parental birth weight and LBW infants or macrosomia was also linear. The aORs for LBW infants per 500 g decrease in maternal and paternal birth weights were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.40–1.55) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.19–1.31), respectively. The aORs for macrosomia per 500 g increase in maternal and paternal birth weights were 1.59 (95% CI, 1.41–1.79) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.23–1.60), respectively. Parental birth weight was found to be associated with infant birth weight even after adjusting for various parental factors. Furthermore, maternal birth weight was more strongly associated with infant birth weight than with paternal birth weight.

Herein, we report the preparation of a new class of inorganic–organic hybrid ionic liquids by modification of a double-four-ring (D4R)-type germoxane (Ge–O–Ge) compound, containing a fluoride ion inside and a tetraethylammonium cation outside, with organosiloxane chains. D4R-type inorganic compounds are attractive as anionic components of ionic liquids because of their ability to encapsulate a fluoride ion inside the cage and allow various functional groups to be linked at the cage corners. The crystalline D4R-type germoxanes with corner Ge–OH groups were successfully converted to clear liquids by modification with dimethylvinylsilyl groups, followed by hydrosilylation with flexible oligosiloxanes (HSi(OSiMe3)nMe3–n, n= 1–3). The resulting products showed liquid behaviors below 0 °C and were stable against thermal decomposition up to ∼200 °C. Additionally, they had high affinities for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, attributable to the organosiloxane chains surrounding the ionic cage. Furthermore, the differences between the D4R-type germoxane and D4R-type siloxane were investigated using density functional theory calculations. The symmetry of the optimized structure and its electrostatic nature indicated that D4R-type germoxane is advantageous for the creation of ionic liquids.

Siloxane-based nanoporous materials have a wide range of applications. In this study, a double-four-ring cage siloxane modified with dimethylsilanol groups at eight vertices was cross-linked via reaction with titanium(IV) tetraethoxide to construct a three-dimensional network with Si–O–Ti bonds, producing a nanoporous material. The product exhibited catalytic activity for the liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene with relatively high selectivity. This building block approach opens a new route to nanoporous materials composed of fully inorganic Si–O–Si and Si–O–Ti linkages.Cage-type siloxane modified with dimethylsilanol groups at eight vertices was cross-linked via reaction with titanium(IV) tetraethoxide to construct a three-dimensional network with Si–O–Ti bonds, producing a nanoporous titanosiloxane-based material with isolated Ti sites. This material exhibited catalytic activity for the liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene with relatively high selectivity.

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between maternal birth weight (MBW) with preterm delivery (PTD) in the Japanese population. To this end, a total of 78,972 Japanese pregnant women were included in a prospective birth cohort study. Multiple logistic regression and multinominal logistic regression models were applied to investigate the associations of MBW with PTD (delivery from 22 to < 37 weeks of gestation), early PTD (delivery from 22 to < 34 weeks), and late PTD (delivery from 34 to < 37 weeks). The results showed that MBW was inversely associated with PTD, early PTD, and late PTD (p-for-trend < 0.0001, 0.0014, and < 0.0001, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios per each 500 g of MBW decrease were 1.167 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.118–1.218) for PTD, 1.174 (95% CI: 1.070–1.287) for early PTD and 1.151 (95% CI: 1.098–1.206) for late PTD. The effect size of the association of MBW with early PTD was similar to that with late PTD. This study demonstrated for the first time an association of a low MBW with PTD, early PTD, and late PTD in a Japanese nationwide cohort.

Cage siloxanes modified with diisopropylsilanol groups were synthesized and crystallized into a layered structure containing 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene molecules in the interlayer voids, which indicates that the organic groups attached to the silanol groups have an important role in the assembling behavior of cage siloxanes.Cage siloxanes modified with diisopropylsilanol groups were synthesized and crystallized into a layered structure containing 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene molecules in the interlayer voids, which indicates that the organic groups attached to the silanol groups have an important role in the assembling behavior of cage siloxanes.

Cage-type silicate with a double six-ring (D6R) structure is successfully functionalized with dimethylsilyl and dimethylsilanol groups. The dimethylsilanol-functionalized cages are assembled to form a 1D structure through intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the silanol groups between the cages. These results will contribute to the development of a building-block approach for the creation of ordered siloxane-based nanomaterials.Cage-type silicate with a double six-ring (D6R) structure is successfully functionalized with dimethylsilyl and dimethylsilanol groups. The dimethylsilanol-functionalized cages are assembled to form a 1D structure through intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the silanol groups between the cages. These results will contribute to the development of a building-block approach for the creation of ordered siloxane-based nanomaterials.

ɛ-Keggin-based mixed metal oxide (ɛ-MoMO) comprises a network arrangement based on an ɛ-Keggin {Mo12O40} unit and a {MO6} octahedral, forming a framework structure containing cage and channel textures such as an Faujasite (FAU)-type zeolite. In this study, we successfully synthesized 3 novel ɛ-MoMOs, namely ɛ-MoMgO, ɛ-MoYO, and ɛ-MoInO, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. All these materials showed a microporosity to adsorb CO2of up to 33% to 42% in their crystallographically expected microporous capacity.Three novel ɛ-Keggin-based mixed metal oxides composed of an ɛ-Keggin unit {Mo12O40} and a {MO6} octahedral (M = In, Y, and Mg) were synthesized and their microporosities were investigated.

Background The effects of the different tempos of background music (BGM) on food intake and eating speed have not been fully studied.Aim The study aimed to investigate the influence of changing the tempo of BGM during meals on food intake and to explore strategies to support appropriate eating behavior.Methods Twenty-six healthy young adult women participated in this study. In the experimental phase, each participant ate a meal under three separate conditions: fast (120% speed), moderate (original, 100% speed), and slow (80% speed) BGM. The same music was used for each condition, and appetite before and after eating, the amount of food consumed, and eating speed were recorded.Results The results showed that food intake (g, mean ± standard error (SE)) was slow: 317.9 ± 22.2, moderate: 400.7 ± 16.0, and fast: 342.9 ± 22.0. Eating speed (g/s, mean ± SE) was slow: 28.1 ± 2.8, moderate: 34.2 ± 2.7, and fast: 27.2 ± 2.4. The analysis showed that the moderate condition showed greater speed than the fast and slow conditions (slow–fast: p= .008; moderate–slow: p= .012; moderate–fast: p= .004). Moreover, the food intake in the moderate condition was significantly higher than that in the slow and fast conditions (moderate–slow: p< .001; moderate–fast: p< .001), and there was no significant difference between the slow and fast conditions in this regard (p= .077).Conclusion These results suggest that original tempo BGM led to higher food intake compared to the faster and slower tempo conditions. These findings suggest that listening to music at an original tempo during meals may support appropriate eating behavior.

In Japan, the cervical cancer screening rate is extremely low. Towards improving the cervical cancer screening rate, encouraging eligible people to make an informed choice, which is a decision-making process that relies on beliefs informed by adequate information about the possible benefits and risks of screening, has attracted increased attention in the public health domain. However, there is concern that providing information on possible risks of screening might prevent deter from participating. In total, 1,912 women aged 20–39 years who had not participated in screening in the fiscal year were selected from a Japanese urban community setting. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received a printed reminder with information about the possible benefits of screening, group B received a printed reminder with information about possible benefits and risks, and group C received a printed reminder with simple information only (control group). Out of 1,912 participants, 169 (8.8%) participated in cervical cancer screening. In the intervention groups, 137 (10.9%) participated in cervical cancer screening, compared to only 32 (4.9%) of the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in screening rate between group A and group B (p = 0.372). Providing information on the possible risks of screening may not prevent people from taking part in cervical cancer screening among a Japanese non-adherent population.

Three new lanostane-type triterpenoids having farnesyl hydroquinone moieties, named ganosinensins A−C (1−3), were isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma sinense, together with three known lanostane triterpenes, ganodermanontriol, ganoderiol A, and ganoderiol D. The structures of compounds 1−3were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation.

A comparative study was conducted.

The content of this paper was presented at the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, 8th International Congress on Marine Technology in Istanbul, November 1997. The effect of different measurement points on an acquired target is theoretically investigated with respect to the ARPA plotting performance. The target is described by simple geometrical figures and the echo is simplified. The actual measurement position is generally not at the centre of the target. This may cause errors in the standard plotting results. The characteristics of these errors are discussed from a nautical viewpoint.

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Background: It is difficult to judge whether abnormal findings in the distal common bile duct (CBD) and/or common channel, such as irregularity of the bile duct wall, on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are benign or malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to identify a malignant tumor in the distal CBD. Patients and Method: EUS was performed on 16 patients in whom ERCP indicated the possibility of a malignant tumor in the distal CBD and/or common channel. Cases in which a tumor was not detected by EUS were judged to be negative if the findings did not change over a one-year follow-up period. Results: The accuracy of EUS for identifying a tumor in the distal CBD was 81.3% (13/16), the sensitivity was 100% (16/16), the specificity was 76.9% (10/13), the positive predictive value was 50% (3/6), and negative predictive value was 100% (10/10). Three cases were misdiagnosed due to tumorous findings; debris, numerous small stones, and inflammation, respectively. Conclusion: EUS is reliable for identifying of the tumor in the distal CBD and/or common channel. EUS should be performed if ERCP indicates the possibility of a tumor in the distal CBD and/or common channel. If EUS findings are negative, it is reasonable to conclude that there is no tumor. If EUS findings are positive, biopsy or cytology should be performed.