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The members of the Scabiosa genus are one of the traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of many diseases, in particular the treatment of scabies. In this study, it was aimed to determine antioxidant activities and chemical composition of methanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria var. columbaria. The phenolic contents of both parts of the plant were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. A total of 6 phenolic compounds were determined and chlorogenic acid was the major compound in both flower and leaf parts of the plants, with 5936.052 µg/g and 8021.666 µg/g, respectively. 6 different methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant parts. Both leaf and flower parts of the plant showed high antioxidant activity in all tested methods and the antioxidant activity values of the leaf part were measured higher than those of the flower part for four tests. The methanol extracts of the plant parts was analyzed with GC–MS and number of the essential oil compounds in the leaf and flower parts were determined as 17 and 13, respectively. Linalool compound was also found to be common in both parts of the plant. The major compounds of the essential oils were identified as 4-Octadecenal (30.01%) in the flower and carvone (35.44%) in the leaf. In addition, terpene derivatives was determined as 90.32% of the highest essential oil group in the leaf, while this value was determined as 1.42% in the flower. For the flower, aromatics were determined as the main component group with 21.31%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have considered all the Linnaean names in Scabiosa, proposing 13 new typifications (10 lectotypes, 2 neotypes, and noting 1 automatic typification). The designation of S. columbaria as the type of Scabiosa is recognized as attributable to Rafinesque. A previous synonymization (Scabiosa pterocephala L.) is discussed. Several elements believed to belong to the original material employed by Linnaeus were actually added to his herbarium after publication of the relevant protologues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lectotypification of four Linnaean names in the genus Scabiosa (Dipsacaceae): S. alpina (≡ Cephalaria alpina), S. arvensis (≡ Knautia arvensis), S. leucantha (≡ Cephalaria leucantha) and S. succisa (≡ Succisa pratensis) is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural type is based on the consultation of Linnaeus's original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from Linnaeus, Burser and Clifford herbaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizes the new name of Scabiosa semipapposa to Scabiosa Galianoi Devesa in Africa. Characteristics of the species; Difference between Scabiosa galianoi and Moroccan plants; Ecology and distribution of Scabiosa.