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Purpose: The aim in this study was to examine whether the combination of swimming training (TR), as a cold stimulus, and a high-fat diet that included catechin and caffeine promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used in the experiment, which were classified into four groups: high-fat diet (HNS), high-fat diet with catechin/caffeine (HCS), high-fat diet + swimming TR group (HNT), and high-fat diet with catechin/caffeine + swimming TR group (HCT) groups. Swimming TR was performed for nine weeks. Results: The expression of mitochondrial protein (COXIV) was substantially increased by swimming TR. The degree of increase was enhanced by the administration of the combination of catechin and caffeine. Discussion: The combination of swimming TR and a high-fat diet containing catechin and caffeine promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. Because swimming TR also increased the volume of brown adipose tissue, examining the relationship between this change, the suppression of weight gain, and the reduction in white fat mass will be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]