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Purpose: To predict the malignant potential of prostate cancer (PCa) according to prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV), PSA density (PSAD), free/total PSA ratio (%fPSA), and digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2012, 548 adult male patients were diagnosed with PCa by prostate biopsy at four hospitals in Korea. We retrospectively analyzed 155 adult male patients with an initial PSA level ≤10 ng/mL and whose PSA levels had been checked more than two times at least 6 months before they had been diagnosed with PCa, with test intervals of more than 3 months. Patients with a urinary tract infection, and patients who had previously undergone cystoscopy or surgery of the prostate were excluded. We separated patients into two groups according to Gleason sum [Gleason sum ≤7 (n=134) or Gleason sum ≥8 (n=21)] and the presence of extracapsular invasion [organ confined (n=129) or extracapsular invasion (n=26)]. Differences between the groups were compared. Results: The group with a Gleason sum ≥8 or extracapsular invasion of PCa showed high PSAV and significantly lower %fPSA. There were no significant differences in PSAD and the presence of an abnormality on DRE between two groups. Conclusion: In PCa patients treated with other therapies besides prostatectomy, a high PSA velocity and a low %fPSA may predict high grade PCa with a Gleason sum ≥8 or the presence of extracapsular invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of residual contrast enhancement (CE) in cryoablated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with regard to eventual resolution and the presence of residual tumor on follow-up CT and MRI. Materials and Methods: 22 patients with 24 RCCs underwent laparoscopic renal cryoablation and follow-up CT (n = 19) and MRI (n = 3) for a mean of 28 months. Two radiologists retrospectively assessed the CT and MRI images for the tumor size and characteristics of residual CE in the cryolesions: peripheral rim (< 100/a of the maximum cryolesion diameter), focal eccentric (10-25%), and thick internal enhancement (> 25%). Results: Residual CE was seen in 13 cryolesions (54%) at 3-month follow-up. Peripheral rim and focal eccentric enhancement was seen in six (25%) and four (16.7%) cryolesions, persisted for a mean follow-up of 4.5 and 6 months, and disappeared completely at a mean follow-up of 10.5 and 12 months, respectively. Three (12.5%) cryolesions showed persistent thick internal enhancement at 6-month follow-up, and were treated with radiofrequency ablation or chemotherapy. The cryolesions had decreased in size by an average of 20.2% and 39.7% at 6 and 12 months after cryoablation, respectively. Conclusion: Follow-up for ⩾ 12 months is needed to assess treatment outcomes in patients with peripheral rim or focal eccentric enhancement of cryoablated RCCs, which may persist until 12 months postoperatively without remnant viable tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]