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The article discusses a study on the significance and detection of micrometastases in lymph nodes in endometrial carcinoma (EC). It mentions that the status of the said node is considered the most significant prognostic factor in relation to patients with the disease. It also notes the application of immunohistochemistry to monitor the cytokeratin staining of the nodes that were reported to be negative for their metastases.

Objectives: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Hypothyroidism may cause hyperhomocysteinemia. To date, no works have examined the association between hypothyroidism and hyperhomocysteinemia in ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the roles of hypothyroidism and hyperhomocysteinemia in ischemic stroke, and whether any relationship exists between hypothyroidism and hyperhomocysteinemia in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: The study included 249 ischemic stroke patients and 102 patients with no history of stroke. Patients were evaluated for conventional risk factors and levels of homocysteine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Results: Ten (4%) patients in the ischemic stroke group had subclinical hypothyroidism. We did not find any overt or subclinical hypothyroidism in the control group. Hypothyroidism was higher to a statistically significant degree in the ischemic stroke group (p<0.05). Both hyperhomocysteinemia and hypothyroidism were associated with ischemic stroke patients. However, no association was found between hyperhomocysteinemia and hypothyroidism. Ischemic stroke patients with hypothyroidism had lower levels of HDL cholesterol and levels of total cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were higher than those of ischemic stroke patients without hypothyroidism. Discussion: Hypothyroidism is associated with ischemic stroke. Low HDL cholesterol, high total cholesterol/HDL-C and high LDL-C/HDL-C were associated in ischemic stroke patients with hypothyroidism. Hyperhomocysteinemia was not found to be associated with ischemic stroke patients with hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) is a problem encountered worldwide. The many causes of low birth weight (LBW) and premature or preterm birth (PTB) vary among developing/industrialized countries. Few studies have been published, in part because of the paucity of subjects and the ethnic heterogeneity of the populations. Our goals were to correlate maternal periodontal disease with birth outcomes in a Turkish population and evaluate maternal periodontal health. Methods: This study consisted of 3,576 Turkish women who gave birth within 24 hours of the onset of labor. The adjusted odds ratio was generated from various logistic regression models. Results: Codes from the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) were evaluated according to treatment need (TN). The TN-I rate was 24.2% (N = 866). the TN-II rate was 73.5% (N = 2,628), and the TN III rate was 2.3% (N = 82). There were 566 (15.8%) adverse birth outcomes; the PTB with LBW rate was 4.2%; the PTB with normal birth weight (NBW) rate was 83%; the in term birth with LBW rate was 3.3%, and the in term birth with NBW rate was 84.2%. The overall PTB rate was 12.5% (N = 447), and the LBW rate was 7.5% (N = 269). The mean birth weight and weeks of gestation decreased as the CPITN Level increased (P<0.001 for both). The LBW rate was 4.6% in the TN-I group, 8,3% in the TN II group, and 14.6% in the TN-III group. TPTB rates were 10.5%, 12.7%, and 26.8%, respectively, whereas adverse birth outcome rates were 12.0%, 16.6%, and 30.5%, respectively (P<0.01 for all). TN-II and TN-III were independent risk factors for LBW, PTB, and abnormal births in regression analyses. Conclusion: Maternal periodontal disease may be a risk factor for an adverse pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]