41 results on '"Shah, Shahid"'
Search Results
2. 6‑Aminoflavone Activates Nrf2 to Inhibit the Phospho-JNK/TNF‑α Signaling Pathway to Reduce Amyloid Burden in an Aging Mouse Model.
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Ahmad, Shakeel, Shah, Shahid Ali, Nishan, Umar, Khan, Naeem, Almutairi, Mikhlid H., Fozia, Fozia, Jamila, Nargis, Almutairi, Bader O., and Ullah, Zia
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- 2023
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3. Disulfide Bridged Nanoparticles of Thiolated Sodium Alginate and Eudragit RS100 for Oral Delivery of Paclitaxel: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.
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Khalid, Hafiz Muhammad Bilal, Rasul, Akhtar, Shah, Shahid, Abbas, Ghulam, and Mahmood, Abid
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- 2023
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4. Concomitant Effect of Quercetin and Its Copper Complex in the Development of Sustained-Release Nanoparticles of Polycaprolactone, Used for the Treatment of Skin Infection
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Ramzan, Nasreen, Abbas, Ghulam, Mahmood, Khalid, Aziz, Mubashir, Rasul, Sumaira, Ahmed, Nadeem, Shah, Shahid, Uzair, Muhammad, Usman, Muhammad, Khan, Waheed S., Hanif, Muhammad, and Sami Ullah, Muhammad
- Abstract
The study aimed to improve the treatment of impetigo with naturally occurring quercetin and its copper–quercetin (Cu–Q) complex by preparing sustained-release (SR) nanoparticles of polycaprolactone (PCL). The solvent evaporation method was used for the copper–quercetin (Cu–Q) complex formation, and their PCL nanoparticles (PCL-NPs, Q-PCL-NPs, and Cu-Q-PCL-NPs) were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization method. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by their physicochemical and antibacterial properties of quercetin against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. The percentage loading efficiency of quercetin and release in 100 mM of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 5.5 at 37 °C was found to be more than 90% after 24 h with the zero-order release pattern. Minimum inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles was found to increase threefold in the case of Cu-Q-PCL-NPs may be due to the synergistic antibacterial behavior. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical nanoparticles, and surface roughness was confirmed by atomic force microscopy analysis. Fortunately, no sign of irritation on rat skin even at 3%, was seen. In vitro antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reduction was found to be ≤80 ± 0.02% which confirmed their scavenging activity. Interestingly, for the ex vivo study, the tape-stripping model was applied against Staphylococcus aureuscontaining rats and showed the formation of the epidermal layer within 4–5 days. Confirmation of antibacterial activity of pure quercetin, from Cu–Q complex, and their SR release from Q-PCL-NPs and Cu-Q-PCL-NPs was considered an effective tool for the treatment of skin diseases and can be used as an alternative of already resistant ciprofloxacin in impetigo.
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- 2023
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5. EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC YEASTS ON THE GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND BODY COMPOSITION OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis mossambicus}.
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Naqqash, Tahir, Mukhtar, Tahmina, Tahir, Muhammad, Qaisrani, Muther Mansoor, Hussain, Syed Bilal, Arshad, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid Masood, Aslam, Kashif, and Shabir, Ghulam
- Abstract
After carps, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus') is the second most widely produced fish species in the world. Its enormous culture is due to its capacity to consume a variety of foods, fast growth, resistance to a broad range of cultivation conditions, consumer popularity, easy breeding in confined places, and widespread availability forproducers. The present study was undertaken to observe the influence of varying yeast levels along with fish meal diet on proximate body composition and growth of tilapia taken from Government Fish Hatchery, Multan. For 60 days, fish were given an experimental diet comprising 0% (Tl, control), 30% (T2), and 35% (T3) yeast food. A total of 30 fish fingerlings were randomly dispersed in each of the three glass aquaria. Fish fed with experimental feeds T2, and T3 had considerably higher growth characteristics (weight gain, survival rate, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate) than fish fed with control diet Tl. T3 had substantially higher weight gain (189.59%), specific growth rate (1.59), protein efficiency ratio (2.96) and condition factor (1.72) than the other two doses. In the T3 (35%) dose, the feed conversion ratio was substantially lower compared to the other two treatments. Results of proximate body composition showed that T3 treatment was more effective in accumulating protein and carbohydrates while reducing lipid accumulation. The findings suggested that yeast supplementation is a potential growth promoter and may be used by farmers for improving the body composition and growth of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
6. Secrecy Rate Region Enhancement in Multiple Access Wiretap Channel.
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Shah, Shahid Mehraj
- Subjects
PHYSICAL layer security ,MULTIPLE access protocols (Computer network protocols) ,MULTIUSER channels ,LINEAR network coding ,WIRETAPPING - Abstract
It is commonly known that physical layer security is achieved with a trade-off in terms of the achievable rate. Hence, security constraints generate rate losses in wiretap channels. To mitigate such rate losses in multi-user channels, we propose a coding/decoding scheme for multi-user multiple access wiretap channel (MAC-WT), where previously transmitted messages are used as a secret key to enhance the secrecy rates of the transmitting users, until the usual Shannon capacity region of a multiple access channel (MAC) is achieved without the secrecy constraint. With this coding scheme, all messages transmitted in the recent past are secure with respect to all the information of the eavesdropper till now. To achieve this goal, we introduce secret key buffers at both the users and the legitimate receiver. Finally, we consider a fading MAC-WT and show that with this coding/decoding scheme, we can achieve the capacity region of a fading MAC channel (in the ergodic sense). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. An approach towards different techniques for detection of heavy metal ions and their removal from waste water.
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Singh, Anoop, Shah, Shahid Shafi, Sharma, Chandan, Gupta, Vinay, Sundramoorthy, Ashok K., Kumar, Pawan, and Arya, Sandeep
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SEWAGE ,METAL ions ,HEAVY metals ,METAL detectors ,SORPTION techniques - Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMI) are believed to have primarily originated from both natural and anthropogenic agents. Due to their known accumulation and toxicity in environmental and biological media, it has risen to prominence as one of major problems of the world. Heavy metal (HM) pollution has worsened in recent years due to increased industrialization and resource exploitation. HMI pose a major risk to the well-being of humans as they accumulate in the body and are difficult to be biodegraded. Significant measures must be taken to diminish the dangers caused by metal pollution in the environment. Increasing efforts to detect HMI particularly via the use of electrochemical sensors provide a novel and viable approach to the adverse effects of toxic exposure of HM. If HMI exceed the admissible limit in aqua ecosystems, both flora and fauna are affected. These ions may prove fatal or may disrupt the metabolic process. The oxidative stress associated with metal ions is coupled with assortment of illnesses and damage. Keeping in view the toxic consequences of metals pollution and the importance of clear water for existence, researchers are prompted to implement all possible feasible steps to preserve water quality. As such, several methods have been devised for identifying metal ions and flushing them out from water supplies. Here, we have reviewed the techniques utilized for identification and removal of HMI from waste water systems. [Display omitted] • This article provides a concise review for removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. • Electrochemical and sorption techniques are reported. • Challenges and Future Scope are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. An approach towards different techniques for detection of heavy metal ions and their removal from waste water
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Singh, Anoop, Shah, Shahid Shafi, Sharma, Chandan, Gupta, Vinay, Sundramoorthy, Ashok K., Kumar, Pawan, and Arya, Sandeep
- Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMI) are believed to have primarily originated from both natural and anthropogenic agents. Due to their known accumulation and toxicity in environmental and biological media, it has risen to prominence as one of major problems of the world. Heavy metal (HM) pollution has worsened in recent years due to increased industrialization and resource exploitation. HMI pose a major risk to the well-being of humans as they accumulate in the body and are difficult to be biodegraded. Significant measures must be taken to diminish the dangers caused by metal pollution in the environment. Increasing efforts to detect HMI particularly via the use of electrochemical sensors provide a novel and viable approach to the adverse effects of toxic exposure of HM. If HMI exceed the admissible limit in aqua ecosystems, both flora and fauna are affected. These ions may prove fatal or may disrupt the metabolic process. The oxidative stress associated with metal ions is coupled with assortment of illnesses and damage. Keeping in view the toxic consequences of metals pollution and the importance of clear water for existence, researchers are prompted to implement all possible feasible steps to preserve water quality. As such, several methods have been devised for identifying metal ions and flushing them out from water supplies. Here, we have reviewed the techniques utilized for identification and removal of HMI from waste water systems.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Development of leachable enalapril tablets by controlled porosity osmotic pump technique; a unique approach to enhance its sustained release effect
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Akhtar, Muhammad Faheem, Ashraf, Hira, Uzair, Muhammad, Ahmad, Shabbir, Rasul, Akhtar, Abbas, Ghulam, Shah, Shahid, and Hanif, Muhammad
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The present study aimed to design and evaluate controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) tablets of enalapril maleate (ENP) being used for the treatment of hypertension. D-optimal response surface design was used, considering cellulose acetate and osmotic agents (lactose and fructose) as variables while physicochemical parameters of tablets were taken as responses. The asymmetric, leachable membrane of cellulose acetate on ENP tablets was applied and an increase in the thickness of core tablets from 5 ± 0.01 to 5.4 ± 0.17 mm was observed. The average weight of all CPOP formulations ranged from 376.7 ± 0.4 to 389.1 ± 0.3 mg and hardness was 6.2 ± 0.02 to 6.32 ± 0.06 Kg/cm2. The friability of all formulations was less than 1%. 89.53 ± 1.05% of ENP release was observed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 after 12 h. Due to the smallest AIC (Akaike information criteria) and the greatest r2values, zero-order release kinetics model with non-Fickian diffusion behavior was observed in all proposed formulations. f1(difference factor) values were 1.28 ± 0.06 to 12.64 ± 0.41% and f2(similarity factor) values were 59.75 ± 0.24 to 94.03 ± 1.36% in the same dissolution medium. pH-independent behavior was observed in pH-responsive study. Dissolution efficiency (DE) ranged from 51.49 ± 0.23 to 53.52 ± 0.52% and mean dissolution time (MDT) values ranged from 5.27 ± 0.05 to 5.59 ± 0.23 h. No interaction between the ingredients was found in FTIR analysis. The optimized formulation with improved drug release property was found stable in the accelerated stability study of six months. CPOP tablets of ENP can be considered as an effective substitute for immediate-release tablets to control hypertension in chronic conditions.
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- 2022
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10. Phytochemical Screening and Protective Effects of Prunus persicaSeeds Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats
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Rehman, Sidra, Nazar, Rubina, Butt, Azeem Mehmood, Ijaz, Bushra, Tasawar, Nadia, Sheikh, Ahmareen Khalid, Shahid, Imran, Shah, Shahid Masood, and Qamar, Raheel
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a dynamic environmental toxin released from chemical factories and its concentration in the atmosphere is accelerating at an alarming proportion. The potential presence of CCl4 in the human body causes liver injury via free radical stimulated inflammatory responses. Objectives: In this study, protective effects of hydromethanolic seeds extract of Prunus persica (PPHM) were evaluated for free radical scavenging potential in CCl4 mediated acute liver toxicity in the murine model. Experimental Approach: Followed by acute oral toxicity analysis, liver cells of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with CCl4 and subsequently, the chemoprophylactic effect of extract (400 mg/Kg dose) was evaluated using in vivo studies including, silymarin as the positive control. Biochemical parameters, staining (hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson’s Trichome) and quantitative gene expression analysis via real-time PCR were used to evaluate hepatic damage control. Results: The results illustrated that PPHM extract exhibit strong anti-oxidant activity, comparable to the positive control, gallic acid. Research study results also demonstrated that the extract treatment at 400 mg/Kg concentration is highly effective in protecting liver damage due to CCl4 exposure. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the therapeutic action of PPHM was correlated with the increase in Nrf2, NQO-1 and decrease in collagen III mRNA genes expression compared to CCl4 treated group. Conclusions and Implications: Accordingly, our research study indicated that PPHM alleviated CCl4-mediated oxidative stress through Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway, thereby protecting liver damage against environmental toxins. Our findings provide supportive evidence to suggest PPHM as a novel nontoxic hepatoprotective agent.
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- 2022
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11. Recent trends in green synthesis of silver, gold, and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their application in nanosciences and toxicity: a review
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Shah, Muhammad Musaddiq, Ahmad, Khurshid, Ahmad, Bashir, Shah, Shahid Masood, Masood, Hamid, Siddique, Muhammad Aamir Ramzan, and Ahmad, Rasheed
- Abstract
In the recent past, nanoparticles (NPs) have gained the attention of researchers in diverse fields, including chemistry, physics, agriculture, environmental engineering, biological sciences, and material sciences. It has applications in the catalytic process, food chemistry, electronic devices, agroindustry, industrial products, environmental engineering, cancer therapeutics, wastewater treatment, and surface coating. The data for plant-based synthesis and applications of silver (AgO), gold (AuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are scattered and need to be gathered. Therefore, this review is designed to assemble the recent advancement in the plant-based synthesis of AgO, AuO, and ZnO-NPs, and the toxicity results of these NPs have been discussed in detail. So herein, we streamlined the data of plant-based synthesis, application, and toxic effects of AgO, AuO, and ZnO-NPs.
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- 2022
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12. Vitamin B1 via Nrf-2/TLR4 signaling pathway ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction in adult mice.
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Nasir, Abdul, Khan, Manzar, Noreen, Shumaila, Ur Rahman, Mujeeb, Zahid, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid Ali, and Nabi, Ghulam
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline, with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation playing pivotal roles in its pathogenesis. Among potential candidates, vitamin B1 (Vit. B1) has gained attention for its neuroprotective potential due to anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Vit. B1 in an AD-like mouse model induced by scopolamine (SCOP). Administering Vit. B1 (300 µg/kg) with SCOP (1 mg/kg) is hypothesized to alleviate memory impairment and neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests, including Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, revealing Vit. B1 ability to restore both long-term and short-term memory, especially in the prob test compared to SCOP-treated mice. Western blot analysis revealed Vit. B1′s role in reversing SCOP-induced changes by suppressing oxidative stress through NrF-2 and HO-1 proteins and inhibiting TLR4 receptor activation that upregulates TNF-α and NF-kβ, contributing to memory dysfunction. Molecular docking studies explored the binding affinity of TLR4 signalling pathway proteins. Results confirmed VitB1′s inhibitory effect on TLR4/md2 activation and its higher binding preference, underscored by experimental confirmation. Overall, these findings highlight Vit. B1′s neuroprotective potential as a therapeutic approach in AD and suggest a potential avenue for novel therapeutic strategies, warranting further preclinical and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Predicting Multi-Interfacial Binding Mechanisms of NLRP3 and ASC Pyrin Domains in Inflammasome Activation.
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Riaz, Muhammad, Rehman, Ashfaq Ur, Shah, Shahid Ali, Rafiq, Humaira, Lu, Shaoyong, Qiu, Yingying, and Wadood, Abdul
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- 2021
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14. Biochemical Profiling and Elucidation of Biological Activities of Beta vulgaris L. Leaves and Roots Extracts.
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Rehman, Sidra, Shah, Shifa, Mehmood Butt, Azeem, Masood Shah, Shahid, Jabeen, Zahra, and Nadeem, Amjad
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Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is commercially grown in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) regions while cultivated as vegetable in Baluchistan and Sindh regions of Pakistan. It is well known for its health-promoting role in several clinical and pathologic outcome due to abundance of betalains and other bioactive compounds. The purpose of study was to interpret bioactivity of of B. vulgaris leaves (BvLM) and roots (BvRM) extracts for finding natural cure of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). BvLM and BvRM extracts were evaluated for phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase potential using standard protocols with modifications. Phytochemicals analysis of BvLM and BvRM extracts depicted the presence of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins and glycosides. The IC 50 values for free radical scavenging activity for BvRM and BvLM showed that BvLM (DPPH: 2.20 ± 0.72 μg/mL, H 2 O 2 : 0.0519 ± 1.02 μg/mL) is more significant as compared to BvRM (DPPH: 2.312 ± 0.72 μg/mL, H 2 O 2 : 2.668 ± 0.49 μg/mL). BvLM showed significant protection against heat induced hemolysis of HRBCs and protein denaturation (2.322 ± 0.1 > 2.324 ± 0.06 μg/mL) as compared to BvRM (8.572 ± 0.2 > 50.18 ± 1.0 μg/mL). Both extracts found to exhibit strong inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Our study highlighted B. vulagris extracts as rich and nutritious source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and cholinesterase inhibitors that could be helpful in preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). In consideration of multifactorial and complex etiology of NDs, BvLM and BvRM extracts would be apt candidates for development of therapeutic strategy for management of multiple cognitive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Anti-Parkinson's Activity of Tribulus terrestris via Modulation of AChE, α-Synuclein, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
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Saleem, Uzma, Chauhdary, Zunera, Raza, Zohaib, Shah, Shahid, Rahman, Mahmood-ur, Zaib, Parwasha, and Ahmad, Bashir
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- 2020
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16. A lightweight mini-batch federated learning approach for attack detection in IoT
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Ahmad, Mir Shahnawaz and Shah, Shahid Mehraj
- Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently gained importance in many fields. The use of IoT in different fields leads to an increase in a wide variety of network attacks. Many researchers have used artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches like machine learning and deep learning techniques to detect such attacks. Traditionally these AI techniques train an intelligent model at a cloud data center using the IoT network data gathered by different IoT devices. The sharing of IoT data with the cloud data center may affect the privacy of the user’s sensitive data. The federated learning techniques can be used to generate an effective attack detection AI model that preserve the privacy of IoT users, but these mechanisms have higher computational complexities and require large number of federation rounds. So, to detect such attacks without compromising the privacy of IoT users, we propose a lightweight mini-batch federated learning mechanism, which is computationally efficient and requires minimum number of federation rounds to detect malicious attacks in an IoT network. The performance of the proposed mechanism was tested on benchmark IoT network datasets and the results show that the proposed mechanism achieves an overall attack detection accuracy of 98.85% with a false alarm rate of 0.09% and requires minimal computational resources.
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- 2024
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17. Sodium alginate and pectin estimation in raft forming pharmaceuticals by high performance liquid chromatography method
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Hanif, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid, Rasool, Nasir, Abbas, Ghulam, Saadullah, Malik, Khan, Sajid Mehmood, Ahmed, Muhammad Masood, Abbas, Nazar, Ashfaq, Mehran, and Iqbal, Omeira
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- 2021
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18. Development and characterization of novel pectin rafts for the delivery of ibandronate
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Hanif, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid, Rasool, Nasir, Saadullah, Malik, Khan, Abdul Rehman, Siddique, Waqar, Nasir, Bushra, Rasul, Akhtar, Abbas, Ghulam, Khan, Sajid Mehmood, and Ahmed, Muhammad Masood
- Abstract
Bisphosphonates cause irritation of the esophagus and stomach after oral administration. This study was planned to overcome the problems associated with bisphosphonates through the formation of rafts in the stomach and enhance the availability of the drug at the absorption site. A novel pectin raft was developed through the utilization of citrus pectin. The percentage of pectin and profile of neutralization of the raft were investigated. Ibandronate, the polymers and the developed formulation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The release of ibandronate was investigated in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, 1.0 N hydrochloric acid and simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and a cell viability study was performed using Caco-2 cells. The RFF5 formulation contained 94.58% pectin, and the duration of neutralization was 45.41 min. The FTIR and XRD showed the chemical stability and uniform distribution of ibandronate in the raft. The TGA and DSC indicated the thermal stability of the formulation. RFF5 showed 99.95% release of ibandronate at 5 min in SGF. RFF5 showed up to 90.47% cell viability when Caco-2 cells were treated with or without the drug (ibandronate). The developed raft can effectively stop the irritation of the stomach and esophagus caused by ibandronate and improve the availability of the drug at the absorption site.
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- 2020
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19. Raft-forming system for pantoprazole and domperidone delivery: in vitro and in vivo study
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Hanif, Muhammad, Abbas, Ghulam, Shah, Shahid, Zaman, Muhammad, Rasul, Akhtar, Majeed, Abdul, Khan, Sajid Mehmood, and Ahmed, Muhammad Masood
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The raft is an emerging drug delivery system that not only provides rapid relief from reflux disorders, but also sustains drug release. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize raft-forming bilayer tablets in which pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PSS) was targeted at sustained release and domperidone maleate (DM) was used to obtain an immediate-release effect and perform pharmacokinetic studies. Tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. Rafts were characterized in terms of strength, weight, volume, resilience, acid-neutralizing capacity, floating lag time and total floating time. Dissolution studies were performed using simulated gastric fluid with pH 1·2. Compatibility were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Percentage release of the optimized R7 formulation was 94% for PSS and 98% for DM. First-order release kinetics were followed and a non-Fickian diffusion was observed; the value of nwas greater than 0·7 in the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. FTIR and DSC studies showed chemical and thermal stability between the drug and polymers. Cmaxvalues of the test and reference formulations of PSS were 46·080 ± 0·567, 46·350 ± 0·507 and DM were 14·090 ± 1·678 and 10·560 ± 1·098 μg/ml, respectively.
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- 2020
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20. Photoperiodic stress induces genotype-specific shift in DNA methylation in Tartary buckwheat
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Saad, Muhammad, Mary, Helen, Amjid, Umar, Shabir, Ghulam, Aslam, Kashif, Shah, Shahid Masood, and Khan, Abdul Rehman
- Abstract
Tartary buckwheat, known for its rich source of health beneficial secondary metabolites, is cultivated in many areas of the world. Among different environmental factors, photoperiod strongly influence its growth, flowering time, and ultimately the yield. In this context, epigenetics could contribute significantly in the regulation of plant response against changing environment. Therefore, with the aim to study the involvement of DNA methylation in photoperiod mediated plant response, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed in two accessions (A1 and A2) of Tartary buckwheat using three photoperiodic treatments, i.e., 10-hr light/day (T1), 12-hr light/day (T2), and 14-hr light/day (T3). Flowering time and plant fresh weight data revealed that accessions A1 and A2 prefer T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. Total DNA methylation ratio increased with the increase in photoperiod in accession A1 but decreased under same conditions in accession A2. Full methylation increased significantly while intensive decrease in hemimethylation was noted from T2 to T3 in A1, whereas full methylation strongly increased and hemimethylation strongly decreased from T1 to T2 in A2. Overall, the DNA methylation events appeared more frequently than demethylation events. This study reports for the first time an accession-/ genotype specific pattern of shift in the DNA methylation under different photoperiodic treatments that will pave the way toward identification of specific genes involved in the regulation of plant response against photoperiodic stress.
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- 2019
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21. Neuroprotective evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L. in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer's disease.
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Chauhdary, Zunera, Saleem, Uzma, Ahmad, Bashir, Shah, Shahid, and Shah, Muhammad Ajmal
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Tribulus terrestris (T.T) is enriched with steroidal saponins and flavonoids which have neuroprotective effect. The study was aimed to explore the potential of T.T methanol extract (T.T ME) for anti-Alzheirmer activity along with its safety evaluation. Plant was characterized by physicochemical, phytochemical and GCMS analyses whereas acute oral toxicity (OECD 425) was performed for safety evaluation. AlCl
3 induced Alzheimer's disease rat model was used for anti-alzheirmer activity. T.T ME was given orally at 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg doses for 21 days and behavioral parameters were observed on 22nd study day. Physicochemical parameters were in permissible limits. GCMS analysis showed eight different compounds and benzene dicarboxylic acid showed maximum % peak area (64.19). No mortality was noted in acute toxicity study. Behavioral studies showed highly significant (p<0.001) improvement in T.T ME treated groups. Antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase levels were significantly (p<0.05) improved on treatment with T.T ME. Histopathological analysis indicated that neurofibrillary tangles were significantly improved in T.T ME treated groups. Biochemical and behavioral results suggested that T.T contained lead compounds which are effective in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
22. Development of thiomer based buccal films for the enhancement of bioavailability: An in-vivo analysis.
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Zaman, Muhammad, Hanif, Muhammad, Amjad, Muhammad Wahab, Mahmood, Asif, Shah, Shahid, Raja, Maria Abdul Ghafoor, Rasool, Shahid, and Sarfraz, Rai Muhammad
- Abstract
Present work was conducted to improve the bioavailability of Tizanidine HCl (TZN) by formulating mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) using novel thiolated arabinoxylan (TAX) as film former. MBF's were prepared by solvent casting technique followed by their evaluation for surface morphology and folding endurance. Moreover, pharmacokinetic parameters including C
max , tmax , t1/2 and AUC were determined after administering standard oral solution (SOS) and MBFs of TZN at a dose of 1mg/kg. Successful thiolation was confirmed by the presence of 4.98 to 7.04 mmol of thiol content per gram of the polymer. Results of in-vivo pharmacokinetics have signified (p=0.0089) the suitability of MBFs as a carrier of drug through buccal route. Results have explored that, t1/2 was increased from 2.51hrs (SOS) to 10 hrs, Cmax from 42.3 ng/ml (SOS) to 105ng/ml and tmax from 2hrs (SOS) to 6h. Conclusively, TAX has exhibited the potential to form MBFs thereby offering sustained release of TZN with improved pharmacokinetic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
23. Antibiotic resistance pattern shown by various pathogens, causing infections in neonates.
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Shaheryar, Zaib Ali, ur Rehman, Zaka, Zaman, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid, Khan, Kashif Ur Rahman, Khan, Sajid Mahmood, Amjad, Muhammad Wahab, Raja, Maria Abdul Ghafoor, and Zaidi, Awais Ali
- Abstract
This study was schemed to comprehend the latest kaleidoscopic trends of bacterial resistance in neonatal pathogens against all those antibiotics commonly employed as empirical therapy in neonates. The methodological approach included; isolation and subsequent identification of those pathogens having caused bacterial infections in neonates, application of antibiotic sensitivity testing and finally construing the conclusion depicting patterns of antibiotic resistance by various pathogens, isolated from neonatal biological samples. Antibiotic resistance patterns was evident in gram-positive as well as in gram-negative bacteria in all the eight species identified in this study. Even antibiotic drugs which are being commonly relied upon for treating multi-resistant bacterial infections, found to be in effective against many newly emerged resistant bacteria, when used alone. Resistance Antibiotics drugs against which most prominent resistance pattern emerged include; Amikacin sulphate, Linezolid, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid, Vencomycin, Cefoperazone / Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone sodium, Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime trihydrate and Imipenem. The interred upshot suggests that antibiotic resistance is emerging fast and ever-changing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance has significantly reduced the therapeutic space to maneuver, particularly, in treating neonatal infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
24. Effectiveness of clobazam on perception, creativity, intelligence, selective and visual memory.
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Zaidi, Awais Ali, Khan, Mahtab Ahmad, Shakir, Lubna, Shahreyar, Zaib Ali, Shah, Shahid, Yousuf, Muhammad Rizwan, Khalid, Hina, Mobashar, Aisha, and Zaman, Muhammad
- Abstract
Clobazam belongs to benzodiazepine class and is preferably used against anti-epileptic disorders. However, when used in reduced doses, its ability for improving cognitive functions becomes explicitly evident. This study objectively undertook the task of using the reduced doses of clobazam for proving potentials effects on cognitive functions. The drug, clobazam was administered in "active group" which contained 15 young healthy volunteers. The "placebo group" also entailed 15 subjects and each was administered with placebo drug. The controlled group" also included 15 subjects. All these 45 young healthy subjects were subjected to tests for perceptual learning, creativity, selective memory, visual memory and intelligence. Results clearly demonstrated significant impact of clobazam at the dose of 5mg/day on perceptual learning (P=0.0380), creativity (P=0.0787), memory function (P=0.4920), visual memory (P=0.4816) and intelligence of the subject (P=0.4920). The outcomes highlighted in the studies reviled the positive effects of clobazam when used at reduced doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
25. Breast cancer classification using deep learned features boosted with handcrafted features.
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Sajid, Unaiza, Khan, Rizwan Ahmed, Shah, Shahid Munir, and Arif, Sheeraz
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,TUMOR classification ,BREAST cancer ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INTELLIGENCE service - Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women across the globe. It is difficult to treat if detected at advanced stages. However, early detection can significantly increase chances of survival and improves the lives of millions of women. Given the widespread prevalence of breast cancer, it is of utmost importance for the research community to provide comprehensive framework encompassing early detection, classification, and diagnosis. The artificial intelligence research community, in coordination with medical practitioners, is developing such frameworks to automate the task of detection. With the surge in research activities coupled with the availability of large datasets and enhanced computational powers, it is expected that AI framework results will help even more clinicians in making correct predictions. In this article, a novel framework for the classification of breast cancer using mammograms is proposed. The proposed framework not only uses features extracted from Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) but also combines these features with handcrafted features (Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP)) which helps in embedding domain expert knowledge, a step towards making proposed framework transparent. Experimental results conducted on the CBIS-DDSM dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in breast cancer classification. • Proposed novel CNN architecture for analysis of mammograms to detect breast cancer. • Framework integrates CNN features with HOG and LBP for breast cancer detection, merging CNN power with domain expert knowledge. • Handcrafted features contribute to the pursuit of enhancing the transparency of the proposed framework. • The framework demonstrated the efficacy of the transfer learning approach in achieving baseline results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Breast cancer classification using deep learned features boosted with handcrafted features.
- Author
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Sajid, Unaiza, Khan, Rizwan Ahmed, Shah, Shahid Munir, and Arif, Sheeraz
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,TUMOR classification ,BREAST cancer ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INTELLIGENCE service - Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women across the globe. It is difficult to treat if detected at advanced stages. However, early detection can significantly increase chances of survival and improves the lives of millions of women. Given the widespread prevalence of breast cancer, it is of utmost importance for the research community to provide comprehensive framework encompassing early detection, classification, and diagnosis. The artificial intelligence research community, in coordination with medical practitioners, is developing such frameworks to automate the task of detection. With the surge in research activities coupled with the availability of large datasets and enhanced computational powers, it is expected that AI framework results will help even more clinicians in making correct predictions. In this article, a novel framework for the classification of breast cancer using mammograms is proposed. The proposed framework not only uses features extracted from Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) but also combines these features with handcrafted features (Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP)) which helps in embedding domain expert knowledge, a step towards making proposed framework transparent. Experimental results conducted on the CBIS-DDSM dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in breast cancer classification. • Proposed novel CNN architecture for analysis of mammograms to detect breast cancer. • Framework integrates CNN features with HOG and LBP for breast cancer detection, merging CNN power with domain expert knowledge. • Handcrafted features contribute to the pursuit of enhancing the transparency of the proposed framework. • The framework demonstrated the efficacy of the transfer learning approach in achieving baseline results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Ranuncoside's attenuation of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice via Nrf2 and NF-ĸB signaling.
- Author
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Sara Salahuddin, Hafiza, Attaullah, Sobia, Ali Shah, Shahid, Khan, SanaUllah, Zahid, Muhammad, Ullah, Mujeeb, Khayyam, Salahuddin, Sidra, Gul, Seema, and Alsugoor, Mahdi H
- Abstract
Scopolamine is a well-known pharmacological agent responsible for causing memory impairment in animals, as well as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation inducer which lead to the development of Alzheimer disease. Although a cure for Alzheimer's disease is unavailable. Ranuncoside, a metabolite obtained from a medicinal plant has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, making it a promising treatment with potential anti-Alzheimer disease properties. However, as ranuncoside has not been evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties in any in vivo model, our study aimed to evaluate its neurotherapeutic efficacy against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in adult male albino mice. Mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Mice of group I was injected with saline, group II was injected with scopolamine (1 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. After receiving a daily injection of scopolamine for 1 week, the mice of group III were injected with ranuncoside (10 mg/kg) every other day for 2 weeks along with scopolamine daily and group IV were injected with ranuncoside on 5th alternate days. Behavioral tests (i.e., Morris water maze and Y-maze) were performed to determine the memory-enhancing effect of ranuncoside against scopolamine's memory deleterious effect. Western blot analysis was also performed to further elucidate the anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant effects of ranuncoside against scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Our results showed memory-enhancing, anti-neuroinflammatory effect, and antioxidant effects of ranuncoside against scopolamine by increasing the expression of the endogenous antioxidant system (i.e., Nrf2 and HO-1), followed by blocking neuroinflammatory markers such as NF-κB, COX-2, and TNF-α. The results also revealed that ranuncoside possesses hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects against scopolamine-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in mice as well as scopolamine's hyperglycemic effect. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ranuncoside could be a potential agent for the management of Alzheimer's disease, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Nanoparticles of thiolated chitosan for controlled delivery of moxifloxacin: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation.
- Author
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Abbas, Ghulam, Rasul, Akhtar, Fakhar-e-Alam, M., Saadullah, Malik, Muzammil, Saima, Iqbal, Omeira, Atif, M., Hanif, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid, Ahmad, Shafiq, Shafeeq, Sulman, and Afzal, Muhammad
- Abstract
Controlled release drug delivery system of moxifloxacin produces better therapeutic effects and maintain the plasma concentration for prolong period of time. The objective of this work was to formulate nanoparticles of thiolated chitosan (TC) having enhanced mucoadhesion and controlled release behaviour of drug. The chitosan (CS) was thiolated by conjugation with thiourea. Ionic gelation method using TC was used for the preparation of the nanoparticles. FTIR, DSC, TGA and
1 H NMR were used to characterize the CS and TC. The measurement of particle size and zeta potential of the developed nanoparticles confirmed that the formulation was stable. The CS, TC and nanoparticles were evaluated for mucoadhesion and swelling. The toxicity of developed nanoparticles was evaluated by Caco-2 cell line. The release of drug from nanoparticles of non-thiolated (NT) and TC was studied using simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The albino rats were used to investigate the moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics from nanoparticles of TC. The thiol group showed peak at 2122 cm−1 which was confirmed by FTIR. The thermal stability of NT and TC was confirmed by DSC and TGA. The thiolation of CS was confirmed by1 H NMR. The nanoparticle of TCN3 showed 105 nm average particle size and zeta potential of TCN1 to TCN5 was range from −18 to + 29. The TC show better mucoadhesion as compare to the CS. The drug, CS, TC and nanoparticles of TCN3 did not exhibit any effect on the viability of Caco-2 cells. In SGF, the drug release from nanoparticles was 5 to 10 %. TCN3 formulation showed 97.84% and 99.43% release of moxifloxacin in SIF and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 within 24 h. The nanoparticles of TCN3 showed 97.13% release of moxifloxacin within 8 h. The TCN3 formulation showed greater bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetic parameters of moxifloxacin as compare to the marketed formulation. Our findings proved that the thiolation of CS with thiourea is an easy and reproducible method to improve the mucoadhesion and the controlled release pattern of the drug over an extended period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Outage analysis of energy efficiency in a finite-element-IRS aided communication system.
- Author
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Bulla, Aaqib and Shah, Shahid M.
- Subjects
ENERGY consumption ,CENTRAL limit theorem ,TELECOMMUNICATION systems ,MOMENTS method (Statistics) ,WIRELESS communications ,CONSTRAINED optimization - Abstract
In this paper, we study the performance of an energy efficient wireless communication system, assisted by a finite-element-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). With no instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, we characterize the system performance in terms of the outage probability (OP) of energy efficiency (EE). Depending upon the availability of line-of-sight (LOS) paths, we analyze the system for two different channel models, viz. Rician and Rayleigh. For an arbitrary number of IRS elements (N) , we derive the approximate closed-form solutions for the OP of EE, using Laguerre series and moment matching methods. The analytical results are validated using the Monte-Carlo simulations. Moreover, we also quantify the rate of convergence of the derived expressions to the central limit theorem (CLT) approximations using the Berry–Esseen inequality. Further, we prove that the OP of EE is a strict pseudo-convex function of the transmit power and hence, has a unique global minimum. To obtain the optimal transmit power, we solve the OP of EE as a constrained optimization problem. To the best of our knowledge, the OP of EE as a performance metric, has never been previously studied in IRS-assisted wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Rice molecular markers and genetic mapping: Current status and prospects
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Shabir, Ghulam, Aslam, Kashif, Khan, Abdul Rehman, Shahid, Muhammad, Manzoor, Hamid, Noreen, Sibgha, Khan, Mueen Alam, Baber, Muhammad, Sabar, Muhammad, Shah, Shahid Masood, and Arif, Muhammad
- Abstract
Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium (LD) also called association mapping and genomic selection (GS), respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A Pashtu speakers database using accent and dialect approach
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Shah, Shahid Munir, Memon, Shahzad Ahmed, Khoumbati, Khalil-ur-Rehman, and Moinuddin, Muhammad
- Abstract
A small scale Pashtu speakers' database with multiple accents and dialects has been developed to use in Pashtu Speaker Identification Systems (SIS) and accents and dialect identification systems. Pashtu is a major spoken language of Pakistan and Afghanistan. At present, it has become very prominent worldwide due to its regional importance. The regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan where Pashtu is spoken are mostly occupied by the extremists who use Pashtu for their communication. In order to design Pashtu voice-based systems for security and other applications, a database has been designed in which the voice data is collected from 32 native Pashtu speakers of different regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Finally, using a subset of the data, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)-based SIS has been designed. The designed system achieved overall 87.5% identification accuracy and outperformed the recently proposed i-vector and GMM-based accent identification systems by showing 3.8% and 12.0% relative improvement respectively.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Experimental and Preliminary Computational Assessment of Thermodynamic Properties of l-Serine and l-Threonine in (Water + 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide) Solutions at Various Temperatures
- Author
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Kumar, Dinesh, Sharma, Taniya, Shah, Shahid Shafi, and Bamezai, Rajinder K
- Abstract
The thermodynamic behavior of l-serine and l-threonine in water and in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, containing water is examined using experimental data from acoustic, volumetric, and viscometric studies at T= (293.15 to 313.15) K and an experimental pressure of 101.3 kPa. The limiting apparent molar volume, V0ϕ, and limiting apparent molar isentropic compressibility, K0ϕ,s, are calculated from apparent molar parameters (volume, Vϕ, and isentropic compressibility, Kϕ,s), respectively. The empirical parameters, Svand Sk, are also computed. The experimental and computed data are utilized to evaluate the transfer properties (ΔtrV0ϕand ΔtrK0ϕ,s) of the chosen amino acids from water to the aqueous solutions of ionic liquid. The transfer property for these amino acids is positive at all concentrations of ionic liquids and all temperatures. This has been explained based on the cosphere overlap model. The viscosity Bcoefficients are evaluated from viscosity using the Jones–Dole equation. In ternary solutions (l-serine/l-threonine + water + ionic liquid), the thermodynamic properties are utilized to understand the mixing effects in aqueous solutions and to gather essential information about proximities and intermolecular interactions. The density functional theory is also used to validate the experimental results. The absorption spectra of amino acids in water as well as ionic liquids containing water are recorded to affirm the interactions prevailing in the system.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Friedelin and Glutinol induce neuroprotection against ethanol induced neurotoxicity in pup’s brain through reduction of TNF-α, NF-kB, Caspase-3 and PARP-1
- Author
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Sandhu, Marva, Irfan, Hafiz Muhammad, Arshad, Laiba, Ullah, Aman, Shah, Shahid Ali, and Ali, Hussain
- Abstract
Ethanol administration triggers an inflammatory response that leads to a complex series of immune responses including the release of an excessive amount of inflammatory mediators particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-KB) which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. The inflammatory-induced cytotoxicity is increased when the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is inhibited. Some studies have also shown that ethanol suppresses the PI3-kinase signaling pathway induced by receptor activation. Friedelin and Glutinol belong to pentacyclic triterpenoid class and are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effects of these phytoconstituents on one of the key ethanol-induced neuronal damage pathways. The pups having (5–7g average body weight) were used and randomly divided into groups. The control and ethanol treated pups were administered 0.9% normal saline while treated pups received glutinol and friedelin (30mg/kg subcutaneously) respectively. After four hours all the experimental animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected carefully for protein expression analysis of p-Akt, TNF-α, NF-KB, caspase-3 and PARP-1 employing immunoblotting technique. Hemolytic, DNA protection, chelating power and β-carotene assays results revealed that freidelin and glutinol are safe for parenteral administration. Glutinol administration with ethanol significantly abridged the ethanol induced over expression of TNF-α, caspase-3 and PARP-1 in pup’s brain. Similarly, freidelin attenuated the neurodegeneration by inhibiting the ethanol induced p-JNK and NF-kB expression in pups’ brain. This protection may be attributed to the revival of p-Akt signaling for cell survival. It is concluded that the present study demonstrates the neuro-protective effects of friedelin and glutinol via modulating the capase-3 and PARP-1 expression and modulating the neuronal apoptotic pathways.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Experimental assessment of physicochemical properties of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine in (water + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide / tributylmethylammonium chloride) solutions at various temperatures
- Author
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Kumar, Dinesh, Shah, Shahid Shafi, Sharma, Taniya, Singh, Devinder, and Bamezai, Rajinder K
- Abstract
•L-phenylalanine and L-arginine as solute and aqueous solutions of ionic liquid as solvent are chosen in this study.•Various thermodynamic properties are evaluated for different concentrations and with increase of temperature.•The results are discussed in terms of solute (amino acid) - solvent (water + ionic liquid) interactions.•The interactions are correlated with UV-Visible results.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Development and evaluation of pH-dependent interpenetrating network of acrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol.
- Author
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Shah, Shahid, Ranjha, Nazar, and Javaid, Zeeshan
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Kohat District, Pakistan.
- Author
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Khatoon, Lubna, Khan, Inam Ullah, Shah, Shahid Ali, Jan, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Ullah, Farhat, and Malik, Salman Akbar
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Development and evaluation of pH-dependent interpenetrating network of acrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol
- Author
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Shah, Shahid, Ranjha, Nazar, and Javaid, Zeeshan
- Abstract
The objective of the present work was to synthesize interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of acrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (AA/PVA) by free radical polymerization using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) and glutaraldehyde as cross-linkers. The IPNs were evaluated for swelling, diffusion coefficient and network parameters by using Flory–Huggins theory, i.e., the average molecular weight between cross-links (Mc), polymer volume fraction in swollen state (V2,s), number of repeating units between cross-links (Mr) and cross-linking density (N). It was found that the degree of swelling of AA/PVA interpenetrating network increases greatly within the pH range 5–7 depending on composition. The gel fraction and porosity increased by increasing the concentration of AA or PVA, while by increasing the degree of cross-linking, porosity decreased and gel fraction increased. Selected samples were loaded with chlorpheniramine maleate as a model drug. Drug release was studied in USP, hydrochloric acid buffer solution of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer solutions of pH 5.5 and 7.5. Drug release data were fitted into various kinetics models, e.g., zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Peppas models. The results of the kinetics investigation showed that the drug release from IPNs followed non-Fickian diffusion. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the formation of cross-linked IPNs as there was a shifting to lower frequency of 1,713–1,718 cm−1with reduced intensity, while scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform distribution of drug in IPNs.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality rates in Pakistan in 2018
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Abbas, Ghulam, Shah, Shahid, Hanif, Muhammad, Asghar, Arzoo, Shafique, Maryam, and Ashraf, Kalsoom
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Secure energy efficiency: Power allocation and outage analysis for SWIPT-in-DAS based IoT
- Author
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Bulla, Aaqib and Shah, Shahid M.
- Abstract
In this paper, we study secure energy efficiency (SEE) for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a distributed antenna system (DAS) based IoT network. We consider a system in which both the legitimate user (Bob) and the eavesdropper (Eve) rely on the energy harvested from the received radio signal. Firstly, with perfect channel state information (CSI), we formulate the maximization of SEE as a constrained optimization problem. In this problem, we aim to highlight the advantage of SWIPT in exploiting the Eve’s energy harvesting requirement. This is achieved by defining a charge constraint in the SEE optimization problem which ensures that the Eve is deprived of its only energy source. Next, considering the fact that perfect CSI is hard to achieve in practice, we characterize the system performance in terms of the outage probability (OP) of SEE. For the given SWIPT-in-DAS setup, we derive the closed form expression for the OP of SEE and with the help of numerical results, we study the effect of transmit power levels, number of distributed antenna (DA) ports and the PS ratio of devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to define the OP of SEE for SWIPT-in-DAS.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Prevalence, incidence and mortality rates of cancer in Pakistan in 2020
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Abbas, Ghulam, Shah, Shahid, Chand, Usman Rashid, and Haris, Muhammad
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Prompt drug delivery of rabeprazole through raft formation: In vitroand in vivoevaluation
- Author
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Shah, Shahid, Hanif, Muhammad, Abbas, Ghulam, Rasul, Akhtar, Zaman, Muhammad, Rehman, Anees ur, Khan, Hafeez Ullah, Maheen, Safirah, Ashfaq, Mehran, and Iqbal, Omeira
- Abstract
Rabeprazole is degraded in the stomach below 2.5 pH and the raft forming system keeps the stomach pH above 3.5. Above pH 3.5, rabeprazole is not degraded in the stomach. The present study aimed to maintain the stomach pH above 3.5 for an appropriate period of time and improve the bioavailability of rabeprazole. The rabeprazole, polymers and raft, were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and DSC. The RR5 formulation showed a release of 99.93% rabeprazole at 20 min in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). FTIR analysis showed the compatibility of drug and excipients. The DSC thermogram indicated the endothermic peak of rabeprazole at 179 °C. The RR5 formulation and Repit® 20 mg capsule was selected as the test and reference formulations respectively for pharmacokinetic study. Healthy albino rats were divided into two groups (reference and test) each having 6 rats and blood samples were collected for 24 h. The Cmaxand tmaxfor the reference and test formulations were 465 ± 0.237 ng/mL and 4 ± 1.398 h and 495 ± 0.097 ng/mL and 2 ± 0.025 h, respectively. AUC0-tof the reference and test formulations was 3316.75 ± 3.418 ng/mL.h and 4910.25 ± 3.467 ng/mL.h, respectively. Our study proves the potential effectiveness of rafts for the fast oral delivery of rabeprazole.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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