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A Chinese geosynchronous satellite was launched on June 23, 2020. It carried a plasma detection package to monitor the space environment around the orbit. Here we report the inflight performance of a low energy ion spectrometer (LEIS), one of the primary instruments in the plasma detection package, and its initial observations in flight. Benefiting from the state-of-the-art design of a top-hat electrostatic analyzer cooperated with angular scanning deflectors, three-dimensional measurement of ions in space with a large field of view of 360°×90° and a wide energy range from 50 eV to 25 keV per charge has been achieved. The differential energy flux spectra of ions around the orbit have shown clear signatures of surface charging and storm/substorm ion injections. The occurrence of surface charging could be caused by the lack of photoemission at the Earth’s eclipse (near the midnight) or the storm energetic electron injection at the dawn sector. The present results demonstrated a good performance of the LEIS payload in flight for monitoring the space ion environment around the orbit. In situmeasurements of the LEIS payload provide us an opportunity to understand the magnetospheric ion dynamics and forecast the associate space weather impacts.

We report an electron momentum spectroscopy study on the valence electronic structure of dimethyl sulfide. The binding energy and electron momentum profiles are measured using a high-sensitivity (e, 2e) apparatus employing a symmetric non-coplanar geometry at an incident energy of 1200 eV plus binding energy. The measurements are compared with the theoretical calculations by density functional theory performed both at equilibrium molecular geometry and by considering vibrational effects through a harmonic analytical quantum mechanical approach. The results demonstrate a significant influence of nuclear vibrational motions on the momentum profiles for valence orbitals of dimethyl sulfide, especially for 5b2, 1a2, and 4b2. A detailed analysis shows that the observed vibrational effects come mainly from vibrational normal modes breaking the mirror symmetry of (CH3)2S with respect to a plane perpendicular to the O–S–O plane.

The main cause of cancer-related fatalities is cancer metastasis to other body parts, and increased glycolysis is crucial for cancer cells to maintain their elevated levels of growth and energy requirements, ultimately facilitating the invasion and spread of tumors. The Warburg effect plays a significant role in the advancement of cancer, and focusing on the suppression of aerobic glycolysis could offer a promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment. Various glycolysis processes are associated with tumor metastasis, primarily involving non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), signaling pathways, transcription factors, and more. Various categories of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have shown promise in influencing glucose metabolism associated with the spread of tumors. Additionally, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) predominantly act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sequestering microRNAs, thereby modulating the expression of target genes and exerting significant influence on the metabolic processes of cancerous cells. Furthermore, the process of tumor metastasis through glycolysis also encompasses various signaling pathways (such as PI3K/AKT, HIF, Wnt/ß- Catenin, and ERK, among others) and transcription factors. This article delineates the primary mechanisms through which non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, and transcription factors contribute to glycolysis in tumor metastasis. It also investigates the potential use of these factors as prognostic markers and targets for cancer treatment. The manuscript also explores the innovative applications of specific traditional Chinese medicine and clinical Western medications in inhibiting tumor spread through glycolysis mechanisms, offering potential as new candidates for anti-cancer drugs.

If a molecular dication is produced on a repulsive potential energy surface (PES), it normally dissociates. Before that, however, ultrafast nuclear dynamics can change the PES and significantly influence the fragmentation pathway. Here, we investigate the electron-impact-induced double ionization and subsequent fragmentation processes of the ethanol molecule using multiparticle coincident momentum spectroscopy and ab initio dynamical simulations. For the electronic ground state of the ethanol dication, we observe several fragmentation channels that cannot be reached by direct Coulomb explosion (CE) but require preceding isomerization. Our simulations show that ultrafast hydrogen or proton transfer (PT) can stabilize the repulsive PES of the dication before the direct CE and form intermediate H2or H2O. These neutrals stay in the vicinity of the precursor, and roaming mechanisms lead to isomerization and finally PT resulting in emission of H3+or H3O+. The present findings can help to understand the complex fragmentation dynamics of molecular cations.

Self-discharge is a significant issue in electric double layer energy storage, which leads to a rapid voltage drop and low energy efficiency. Here, we attempt to solve this problem by changing the structure of the electric double layer into a de-solvated state, by constructing a nano-scale and ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer on the surface of a carbon electrode. The ion concentration gradient and potential field that drive the self-discharge are greatly restricted inside this electric double layer. Based on this understanding, a high-efficiency graphene-based lithium ion capacitor was built up, in which the self-discharge rate is reduced by 50% and the energy efficiency is doubled. The capacitor also has a high energy density, high power output and long life, and shows promise for practical applications.

A low-energy ion spectrometer (LEIS) for use aboard three-axis stabilized spacecraft has been developed to measure ion energy per charge distribution in three-dimensional space with good energy-, angular- and temporal-resolutions. For the standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer used widely in space plasma detection, three-axis stabilized spacecraft makes it difficult to obtain complete coverage of all possible ion arrival directions. We have designed angular scanning deflectors supplementing to a cylindrically symmetric top-hat electrostatic analyzer to provide a half-space field of view as 360°×90° (–45°–+45°), and fabricated the LEIS flight model for detecting magnetospheric ions in geosynchronous orbit. The performance of this payload has been evaluated in detail by a series of simulation and environmental tests, and the payload has also been calibrated through laboratory experiments using a low-energy ion source. The results show that capabilities of the LEIS payload are in accordance with the requirements of a magnetospheric mission.

Over the last few years, students' learning methods have changed considerably from traditional techniques to e-learning and m-learning. Indeed, mobile learning (m-learning) is a technology that has advanced quickly without creating any limitations on time and place, to deliver electronic learning (e-learning) with the use of personal electronics. Studies that emphasize the use of m-learning in educational institutions are surfacing. This study looks at the advanced techniques of m-learning and examines students' attitudes toward the use and implementation of m-learning techniques for the sustainability of learning. The results are based on a survey conducted with 253 students at various universities in terms of their attitudes toward and perceptions of m-learning techniques as a supplement to traditional learning methods. This study followed and checked the academic details of each student to ascertain the impact of m-learning techniques. The findings suggest that it is essential to design m-learning so that the material to be taught inside and outside the classroom is known.

The symmetrical configuration is attractive for electrochemical energy storage devices due to using one electrode material, but it is difficult to achieve for a rechargeable battery. Here, we propose an electrochemical activity modulation method to construct a quasi-symmetrical rechargeable battery with decoupled conversion reactions of the anionic/cationic counterparts of covalent transition metal sulfides. The modulated process contains potential window and electrolyte modulation, followed by a predesigned conversion reaction. For molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), after cathodic modulation the sulfur redox (S0to S2−) inside MoS2was activated as redox center of cathode, resulting in a capacity increase of one order of magnitude and high cycling stability. Meanwhile, an anodic-modulated MoS2anode displayed high capacity due to the reversible conversion between Mox+and Mo0. Coupling this cathode and anode, a quasi-symmetrical battery is fabricated and opens up a new direction for building high-energy electrochemical systems.

As having experienced multi‐stage tectonic magmatic activity, the structure of the lithosphere in the east part of South China is very complicated and the distribution of magma has obvious regularity. In order to study the deep tectonic background of magmatic activity of the different blocks in the east part of South China, this paper made a series of qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the Ji'an‐Fuzhou magnetotelluric sounding profile data crossing the east part of South China. The subsurface dimensionality was analyzed by the Bahr phase decomposition, the geoelectric strike with different frequencies was obtained by the single‐site multifrequency Groom‐Bailey decomposition. Finally, the non‐linear conjugate gradients (NLCG) was used to calculate the 2D resistivity structure in our research area. The electrical structure model shows that there are significant differences between the two blocks‐Wuyi uplift belt and Southeast coastal fold belt. It can be vertically divided into four electrical layers of the high resistivity layer in upper crust, the low resistivity layer in mid‐lower crust, the sub‐high resistivity layer in the lithosphere mantle, the low resistivity in the asthenosphere. In the upper crust, the high resistivity layer of more than 10000 Ωm indicates the distribution of granite whose bottom interface is about 15∼20 km deep. In the mid‐lower crust, the high‐conductivity layer in the Wuyi uplift belt is thin and of small scale. It is associated with the thrust faults. However, in the Southeast coastal fold belt, the high‐conductivity layer is thicker and of larger scale. It is uplifted in a mushroom‐shape. The resistivity in lithosphere mantle gradually reduces from inland to coast. Due to the limited detecting depth, the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) doesn't show in the Wuyi uplift belt which indicates the depth of the LAB is more than 100 km. In the Southeast coastal fold belt, the thickness of the lithosphere is reduced to 60 km, and the asthenosphere has an uplift tendency. In the east part of South China, there are a series of discontinuous high‐conductivity layers of different scales in the crust. The scale and burial depth of the high‐conductivity layers are closely related to the deep tectonic environment and fault distribution. Combining with gravity and magnetic results, we discussed the formation mechanism of high‐conductivity layer. It is inferred that the high‐conductivity layer in the crust of the Southeast coastal fold belt is the result of partial melting by asthenosphere upwelling and basaltic magma underplating. While the high‐conductivity layer in the Wuyi uplift belt is the result of incomplete condensation of the magma chamber after crust material remelting in the early compression environment, and the continuous heating from the deep heat flow in an extensional environment. The lithosphere structure in the east part of South China has a marked zoning, and the high‐conductivity layers with different causes are widespread within the crust. It shows that the magmatic activities in different tectonic units in the east part of South China have different diagenetic tectonic background. In the Southeast coastal fold belt, the deep lithospheric thermal erosion is active, and the lithosphere structure and material are strongly remoulded. The asthenosphere upwelling and the basaltic magma underplating caused the thinning of lithosphere. In the Wuyi uplift belt, the tectonic features of the intra‐continental deformation pattern during the Indo‐early Yanshanian period are recorded clearly, while the late Mesozoic extension tectonics has transformed the lithosphere material to some degree.

The vibrational and distorted-wave effects are usually invoked to explain the measured electron momentum profiles for molecular orbitals. The vibrational effect can be accounted for quantitatively by a harmonic analytical quantum mechanical approach within the plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA). On the other hand, quantitative calculation considering the distorted-wave effect was available only recently by a multicenter-three-distorted-wave (MCTDW) method (Phys. Rev. A2022, 105,042805). Here, we report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation on electron momentum spectroscopy of SF6. The experiments were performed using a high-sensitivity (e, 2e) spectrometer employing non-coplanar symmetric geometry with incident electron energy equal to 1200 eV + binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles are compared with theoretical calculations by the MCTDW method at equilibrium geometry and by the PWIA method both at equilibrium geometry and considering vibrational motions. For all the measured orbitals, large discrepancies were observed between the experiments and the PWIA calculations at equilibrium geometry. For the highest occupied molecular orbital 1t1g, the vibrational effect can partly explain the high intensity of the experimental momentum profile at low momenta. For the other orbitals, the influence of the vibrational effect is negligible. On the other hand, the MCTDW calculations improve the agreement with the experiments for all the observed orbitals, indicating that the distorted-wave effect plays an important role in reproducing the measured momentum profiles of SF6.

Silicon has the highest theoretical lithium storage capacity of all materials at 4200 mAh/g; therefore, it is considered to be a promising candidate as the anode of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, serious volume changes caused by lithium insertion/deinsertion lead to a rapid decay of the performance of the Si anode. Here, a Si nanoparticle (NP)-filled carbon nanotube (CNT) material was prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and a nanobattery was constructed inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using the Si NP-filled CNT as working electrode to directly investigate the structural change of the Si NPs and the confinement effect of the CNT during the lithiation and delithiation processes. It is found that the volume expansion (∼180%) of the lithiated Si NPs is restricted by the wall of the CNTs and that the CNT can accommodate this volume expansion without breaking its tubular structure. The Si NP-filled CNTs showed a high reversible lithium storage capacity and desirable high rate capability, because the pulverization and exfoliation of the Si NPs confined in CNTs were efficiently prevented. Our results demonstrate that filling CNTs with high-capacity active materials is a feasible way to make high-performance LIB electrode materials, taking advantage of the unique confinement effect and good electrical conductivity of the CNTs.

To investigate, in terms of Notch signaling pathway, the effect on pancreatic cancer of the extract of an anti-tumor prescription – Qingyihuaji formula (QYHJ) – from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in an active phase. T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 90 ITP patients in the active phase and 59 normal controls were detected by flow cytometry. ITP patients were treated with a conventional dose of corticosteroids, and therapeutic response was evaluated after 3 months. The level of CD4+T lymphocytes (35.7 ± 4.6%) and natural killer cells (13.1 ± 2.1%) in the active ITP patients was lower compared with the control group (40.4 ± 3.7% and 23.2 ± 1.1%, respectively, P < 0.05 for both). The level of CD8+T lymphocytes (30.11 ± 4.50%) in ITP showed a significantly wider distribution than that in the normal controls (25.5 ± 5.91%, P < 0.05). Additionally, the patients with higher levels of CD4+T cells were less likely to respond to corticosteroids (r = 0.69, P = 0.04). The detection of immunocyte subsets might be helpful for the ITP patients concerning their diagnosis and determination of therapeutic outcome.

The Eastern Tianshan is a type of mineralization belt, Shilipo copper, deposit is new discoveried one at Eastern Tianshan, bearing in maroon basaltic tuff. Some basalt shows red color, which has certain similarity to hematite mineralization development in the Jiweinuo copper deposit. From geochemical characteristics analysis, it is proven that the formation of Eastern Tianshan copper relates to the mineralization of the mantle plumes. That only the Emeishan basalt in Sichuan Province contains the copper in China, which shows the preliminary scale was reported and after that, caused the heated debates. The most thought that the copper has the relation to the mantle plumes. Similar deposit was reported in America as well, such as the Jiweinuo Cu deposit in Subilier Lake. Such make us consider if the formation of the belted copper deposit in Dongtianshan has the relation to the mantle plumes. For confirm this result, we respectively chose two basalt samples from Shilipo and Heilongfeng mineral occurrences in order to analyze their constant, trace and rare earth element content and preliminarily research their geochemical characteristics.

The coordination development of economy-energy-environment was discussed with traditional environmental loads model, combined with "decoupling" theory. Considering the possibilities of social and economic development, this paper set out three scenarios, and analyzed quantitatively the indexes, which affected carbon dioxide emissions, including population, per capita GDP, industrial structure and energy structure. Based on this, it forecasted carbon dioxide emissions in China in future. By comparing the prediction results, it held that policy scenario was the more realistic scenario, what’s more it can achieve emission reduction targets with the premise of meeting the social and economic development goals. At last, it put forward suggestions to implement successfully policy scenario, from energy structure, industrial structure, low-carbon technology and so on.

The researches of non-oriented silicon steel are mainly focused on the effect of main processing parameters on the microstructure and magnetic properties, but there have been few studied about its flow stress until now. In this paper, the non-oriented silicon steel 50A1300 of hot forming is studied by thermal-mechanical simulation method. The hot deformation behavior of the steel is explored and the flow stress model of the steel is established based on the creep mechanism. The model has good accuracy and is feasible.