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Corallocytostroma ornicopreoides sp. nov. is described and illustrated from large (up to 3 cm diam.) conidiomata and sclerotia found on the living stems of four perennial grasses, Astrebla elymoides, A. pectinata, A. squarrosa and Dichanthium fecundum, in northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It is compared with Corallocytostroma oryzae, the only other species in the genus.

Two new species of the genus Cryptococcus, C. phylloplanus and C. hinnuleus are isolated from leaves of Banksia collina R. Br.

Two new species of the genus Sporobolomyces and one of the genus Rhodotorula are described. Sporobolomyces elongatus and Rhodotorula armeniaca spp. nov. were isolated from the surfaces of leaves of Callistemon viminalis (Soland ex Gaertn.) G. Don ex Loud. and Sporobolomyces foliicola from the leaves of Banksia collina R. Br. growing at Armidale.

Three new species of smut fungi (Ustilaginales) on grasses from Western Australia are described and illustrated: Sporisorium ordense sp. nov. on Brachiaria pubigera, Sporisorium paraneurachnes sp. nov. on Paraneurachne muelleri and Ustilago xerochloae sp. nov. on Xerochloa imberbis and X. laniflora. Smut fungi new to Australia are: Sporisorium heteropogonicola comb. nov. (based on Sorosporium heteropogonicola) on Heteropogon contortus, Sporisorium iseilamatis on Iseilema vaginiflorum (matrix nova), Tilletia opaca on Spinifex longifolius (matrix nova), Ustilago spermophora on Sporobolus australasicus (matrix nova). Sporisorium mitchellii, known hitherto from South Australia on Iseilema mitchellii, was collected on Iseilema dolicotrichum (matrix nova).

Three grass smuts are recorded from tropical Australia. Sporisorium simile destroys the inflorescence of its host Chionachne in tropical Western Australia. It is distinct from the inflorescence smut Sporisorium reilianum, here recognised for the first time on Chionachne, in Queensland, and from the ovary smut Ustilago polytocae, found on Chionachne in India. Recent use of binomials based on Ustilago holci-sorghi Rivolta for the smut named S. reilianum is discussed and not recommended. Ustilago brunkii is recorded from leaf sheath lesions on Dichanthium in tropical Western Australia. Comparison with a collection of this species from Texas, U.S.A. and with the type species of Jamesdicksonia from India indicates that U. brunkii is best placed in Jamesdicksonia. The identity of its known grass hosts in the U.S.A., Central America and Australia, and their significance in its taxonomy, are discussed.

Colletotrichum xanthorrhoeae sp. nov. causes leaf spots on Xanthorrhoea preissii and X. platyphylla in south-western Western Australia.