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Mg-Zn-Zr (ZK) alloys exhibit notably high mechanical strength amongst all magnesium alloy grades. However, due to the formation of low melting point Mg 3 Zn 7 -precipitates, these alloys are susceptible to hot cracking, thus compromising their metallurgical processing. The addition of rare earths to ZK alloys is an alternative to form higher melting point intermetallic compounds, speed up dynamic recrystallization, refine grain size, enhance corrosion resistance and extend the service temperature due to improved creep resistance. This work deals with the effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the hot rolling behaviour of as-cast ZK60 alloy. The microstructure investigation conducted using electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction shows that precipitation of Mg 7 Zn 3 intermetallics occur during hot rolling, whereas no further precipitation is observed for the ZK60-Mm alloys. The fragmentation of the intermetallic compounds occur during hot rolling and finer particles of Mg 7 Zn 3 are observed for the ZK60, whereas Mg 7 Zn 3 and MgZn 2 Ce intermetallics are formed in the alloy modified with mischmetal addition. A higher fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains is observed for the ZK60-Mm in comparison to the ZK60. Continuous recrystallization takes place in ZK60 with the formation of sub-grains near to the intermetallics and the addition of mischmetal promotes the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization with the nucleation of new grains close to the precipitates. The mechanical strength and, in particular, the ductility of the hot-rolled alloys are notably improved when compared to the same alloys in the as-cast condition. The mechanical strength is, however, higher for the ZK60 alloy. Less solid solution strengthening, softer MgZn 2 Ce intermetallics and more extensive recrystallization contribute to reduce the mechanical strength of ZK60-Mm. Failure in both alloys are initiated at coarse intermetallics and propagate through intermetallic-rich regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The inclusion of selective collection of urban residual solids in the public policies is an issue adopted by many countries as a mean for reducing the impacts created by solid waste generation and destination. In Brazil, the selective collection of solid waste was implemented in Campinas, in 1991. The city is the third biggest in the state of São Paulo and has a population of about a million inhabitants. The amount of recyclable matter amounts to 1% of the mixed solid waste collected by the public service and deposited in sanitary landfills. In the present study, reports and data forwarded by the municipality public service and the private cooperative units regarding the selective collection of solid waste are analyzed from the energy saving view point. The analysis showed that about 10,900l of diesel oil are used to collect 329ton/month of recyclables. The resulting energy economy is about 32 times the fuel energy used by the collecting trucks in the same period. This amount of recyclables led to an energy economy of 12,552GJ/month, enough for a monthly equivalent electric consumption of 4000 residences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]