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Distinct solitary dermal nodules, either covered by an alopecic, or sometimes ulcerated, epidermis, were noticed on the head of a stillborn Holstein calf. The head was submitted for autopsy, and the nodules were found to consist of homogeneous, diffuse pale-yellow, soft-tissue masses with distinct margins that elevated the epidermis above the adjacent skin. Histologically, the dermal nodules were well-delineated on the deep margin approaching the cutaneous muscle and consisted of perivascular neoplastic infiltrates of round cells that in some places coalesced into sheets that extended into the dermis and subcutis. Neoplastic cells separated adnexa and collagen. Immunohistochemistry revealed intense tumor cell expression of vimentin, Iba1, E-cadherin, and CD204; expression of CD18 was faint. The masses were diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Congenital cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis has not been reported previously in cattle, to our knowledge, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of congenital nodular skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin tumors are common. Recommended treatment in most cases is surgery, with margins adapted. Except in the case of simple resection and suture, it is necessary to know the status of the margins before reconstructing the defect. A one-stage technique is possible with frozen section analysis, which gives the surgeon an intraoperative assessment of resection quality. The aim of our work is to study the reliability of the frozen section procedure. A retrospective study included 689 patients who underwent surgery for skin tumor (excluding melanoma) between January 2011 and December 2019 at the University Hospital of Caen, France. In 639 patients (92.75%), the frozen section analysis found healthy margins. There were 21 cases of discrepancy between the frozen section analysis and final histology. Infiltrating and scleroderma-like basal cell carcinomas showed a significantly higher frequency of affected margins on frozen section analysis (p < 0.001). The tumor size and location played a significant role in the margin status. In our department, the frozen section procedure is the reference examination indicating immediate flap reconstruction. The present study demonstrated its interest and overall reliability. However, it is to be used according to histologic type, size, and location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BNDF-MPHE is used for image sharpening which is compared with other techniques and lesion region enhancement. • Advantage of using SCMSC provides an effective determination of seed point on color textures and patches in sub-region segmentation. • Proposed OPFRBS is based on the patching of a similar group of pixels for separation of lesion cells through active contour region separation. • The comparison is carried out on OPFRBS based on the Jaccard index, dice coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. • Based on metrics like sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and time, the effectiveness of the research activity is assessed. Skin tumor detection and classification have an important role which is applied in the field of research, particularly in the field of medical diagnosis. The classification of tumors in skin cells is of more significance since the number of affected people is increasing. The focus of this research work is to come up with a new and efficient method of enhancing skin images as well as identifying tumors from other areas on computed tomographic skin images. This work is mainly concerned with medical application methods on computed tomography (CT) skin tumor images that are developed and applied effectively. The first step is acquiring images. It can be seen that the Boosted Notch Diffusion Filtering − Mean Pixel Histogram Equalization (BNDF-MPHE) algorithm serves as the preprocessing step within the context of the presented model. The proposed step involves Superpixel Contour Metric Segment Clustering (SCMSC) followed by an Online Patch Fuzzy Region Based Segmentation (OPFRBS) Algorithm for effective segmentation of the skin tumor cells with an accuracy of 99.25% for benign and 97.39% for malignant tumors respectively. The time required for processing the lesion is less than 2 sec. The proposed method uses MATLAB 2024a workbench and accuracy is quite higher compared with other existing algorithms for both benign and malignant samples respectively. The proposed research methodology has been validated with real-time clinical samples effectively and throws light on the patient's life to resume normalcy and live long. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a common benign epidermal tumor usually presenting as small, non-pigmented lesions on the skin. However, giant SK presenting as a pigmented variant is a rare occurrences, with limited documented cases in medical literature. Here, we present a case report of a 70 year old female patient with an unusual giant warty cutaneous lesion prompting excisional biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed pigmented proliferative basaloid cell and pseudohorn cysts, characteristic of SK. Notably, the lesion exhibited pigmentation, adding to the rarity of the giant forms of SK case. Giant pigmented seborrheic keratosis (GPSK) is an uncommon form that shares clinical and dermatoscopic features, frequently causing misdiagnosis as malignant melanoma. Thus this report underscores the importance recognizing such atypical presentations of SK and highlights the need for histological evaluation to diagnose such variants. • Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a common benign epidermal tumor. • Typical lesions measure few millimeters. • Giant pigmented SK is a rare variant masquerading cutaneous melanoma. • The exact diagnosis should always be made after histological confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated Cdc42‐associated kinase 1 (ACK1), a widely expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is often amplified in cancer and has been shown to interact with Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and several other cancer‐relevant molecules, suggesting a possible role for ACK1 in development and tumor formation. To directly address this scenario, we generated mice lacking a functional ACK1 gene (ACK1 ko) using CRISPR genome editing. ACK1 ko mice developed normally, displayed no obvious defect in tissue maintenance, and were fertile. Primary ACK1‐null keratinocytes showed normal phosphorylation of EGFR, but a tendency toward reduced activation of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) and Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (Erk). DMBA/TPA‐induced skin tumor formation did not reveal significant differences between ACK1 ko and control mice. Deletion of the ACK1 gene in the breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231, 67NR, MCF7, 4T1, and T47D caused no differences in growth. Furthermore, EGF‐induced phosphorylation kinetics of Erk, Akt, and p130Cas were not detectably altered in T47D cells by the loss of ACK1. Finally, loss of ACK1 in MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D breast cancer cells had a very limited or no effect on directed cell migration. These data do not support a major role for ACK1 in Cdc42 and EGFR signaling, development, or tumor formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study aims to report the prevalence of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, and assess the association of breed, age, sex, and anatomical locations with the development of common tumor types. A total of 1,435 cases of cutaneous tumors were examined, of which 813 (56.66%) cases were malignant, and 622 (43.34%) were benign. Soft tissue sarcomas (18.40%), mast cell tumor (16.24%), lipoma (9.69%), hair follicle tumors (9.34%), and benign sebaceous tumors (8.50%) outnumbered the other tumor types. Tumors were commonly found on the head (13.87%), hindlimb (10.52%), forelimb (8.01%), chest (5.78%), and neck (5.57%). The risk of developing cutaneous tumors increased significantly in dogs aged 11-year and above (P<0.001). Mixed-breed dogs (14.63%), Miniature Dachshund (9.90%), and Labrador Retriever (8.01%) were the three most presented breeds; while Boxer, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Golden Retriever had an increased risk of cutaneous tumor development in comparison to mixed-breed dogs (P<0.05). Epidemiological information from the present study will serve as a useful reference for regional veterinarians to establish a preliminary diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign tumor of the eccrine sweat glands, preferentially affecting the scalp, face and trunk. Few cases are described in the literature, it is a fairly rare pathology. We present the case of a 64-year-old man who consulted for an ulcerative and nodular lesion of the left side of the nose for 5 years. He was treated in our department (excision and reconstruction). Pathological examination revealed a benign eccrine spiradenoma. Eccrine spiradenoma is a relatively rare benign adnexal tumor. His diagnosis is based on histopathological examination. His treatment is surgical. In case of incomplete excision of the tumor, the risk of recurrence is always possible. The risk of malignant transformation exists, particularly for tumors with a long duration of evolution. Benign eccrine spiradenoma is a rare adnexal tumor, but it is important to know about it. The main risk is malignant transformation. • Spiradenoma eccrine is a rare pathology. Few cases are described in the literature. Hence the interest of this case report. • Every practionner must be able to think about it because the risk of malignant transformation. • The diagnosis was made by anatomopathological examination. But we must be think about it in front of clinical presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) have cell proliferative and differentiation properties. Whether these hormones have a role in mutagenesis is unknown. Nevertheless, severe IGF-I deficiency seems to confer protection against the development of neoplasms. Here, we report five cases of adult patients with severe and congenital isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to the c.57+1G>A mutation in the GHRH receptor gene, who developed tumors. Four GH-naïve subjects presented skin tumors: a 42-year-old man with a fibroepithelial polyp, a 53-year-old woman and two men (59 and 56 years old) with epidermoid skin cancers. One of these died from it after three surgeries and radiotherapy. The fifth patient was a 25-year-old woman, who had intermittently received GH replacement therapy (GHRT) from age 11 to 18, who developed an ependymoma extending from the fourth ventricle to the end of the thoracic spine. She underwent three surgical procedures, without obvious evidence of tumor recurrence during the six years follow up. These observations suggest that severe IGHD does not protect completely from development of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vertebrate Zoology is the property of Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has clinical approval for use as a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that is able to exert selective cytotoxic activity toward malignant cells. The dye selected for our study, symmetrical diiodinated squaraine, is one of the newly developed photosensitizers. The study is designed to determine the efficacy of PDT mediated by symmetrical diiodinated squaraine in skin tumor induced Swiss albino mice. Methods Skin tumor was induced in mice with dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA) and croton oil. After squaraine administration to the tumor mice, photodynamic treatment of tumors was performed using a 1000 W halogen lamp corresponding to the light dose of 100 J/cm 2 . The mice were euthanized and skin flaps and tumor tissues from the back of mice were excised for biochemical studies. The biochemical parameters analyzed include some relevant tumor markers for epithelial tissues, inflammatory markers and markers of apoptosis. The gene expression studies were done by RT-PCR. Results After two weeks of the treatment, there was significant inflammation. However at 90 days after PDT, the parameters reverted to near-normal values. All marker parameters of tumor progression brought back to normal levels by PDT. Increased caspase-3 activity in PDT treated group shows that cell death might have occurred by apoptosis. The gene expression profile confirms the results. Conclusions The results of the whole study show the therapeutic efficacy and apoptosis mediated tumor destruction by squaraine PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening strategies need to consider differences in late-stage disease detection linked to socio-demographic and geographic factors. We specifically addressed disparity in melanoma stage at diagnosis linked to residential municipality, gender and marital status within the middle- and old-age population of southern and western Sweden. Population-based registers were used to identify the melanoma cases diagnosed in 2004–2013 ( n = 7,417). Disease mapping for each population group based on gender and marital status showed marked spatial disparities in melanoma incidences and the overall patterns differed by stage at diagnosis. The incidence of early-stage melanoma was markedly higher in the western region, whereas the incidence of late-stage melanoma was markedly higher in the southern region except for married women. Excess mortality among cases was observed to be higher in the southern than in the western region, with significant regional differences for the married male cases and the unmarried female cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroid syringoma is a rare tumor with the potential for malignant transformation and distant metastasis. The site of predilection for benign chondroid syringoma is the head and neck region, and it is less likely to involve the foot. In contrast, malignant chondroid syringoma is more commonly encountered in the extremities and is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and distant metastasis. We report an unusual case of benign chondroid syringoma in a 47-year-old female who presented with a 20-year history of a mass in her left foot to bring such cases to the attention of foot and ankle specialists. We highlight the histologic diagnosis and surgical procedures with a 6-month postoperative follow-up period. It is unlikely that a treating physician would anticipate this histologic tumor type, considering the rarity of the condition, the long history of this patient's lesion, and the benign presentation in the extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare tumor that arises in the dermis, with a strong tendency to recur locally. It is slow growing and often presents as a skin-colored plaque on the trunk, although it may arise anywhere on the body. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans has a distinctive histologic appearance, and immunohistochemical studies can help make the diagnosis. This case report describes a young man who presented with complaints of an enlarging right scrotal mass and was diagnosed with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Background: Despite findings that photodynamic treatment with bis (3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) squaraine initiated tumor regression in mice skin, queries regarding its mode of action – answers to which will be functional to design clinical trials on squaraine based photodynamic therapy – remain unanswered. Our investigation reveals the in vivo mechanism of action of the photosensitizer. Methods: Skin tumor was induced in Swiss albino mice using 7,12-dimethyl benzanthacene. After the intraperitoneal administration of the dye in tumor induced mice, its concentration in subcellular fractions of the tumor tissue was determined fluorimetrically. Cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial membrane after the photodynamic treatment was analyzed. The observations stemming from this part lead to histopathological examination of tumor tissues. Apoptotic markers like caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were also studied. Results: Major portion of the dye accumulated in the mitochondria. Cytochrome c leakage from mitochondria after squaraine PDT suggests loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, which was further confirmed by the results of histopathological analysis. The activity of caspase-3 was elevated, expression of Bcl-2 diminished and that of Bax increased – all these results show enhancement of apoptosis in the tumor region after the treatment. Conclusions: The results lead to the elucidation of mechanism of tumor destruction which proves to be mitochondria mediated apoptotic damage of tumor tissue. The study assumes significance since it defines the in vivo mode of action of a photosensitizer. Also, the query of how a squaraine based photosensitizer evokes tumor response is being dealt with here, for the first time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer. Cumulative data from retrospective series support the notion that benefits are obtained by both wide excision and adjuvant radiation therapy. However, surgery may be difficult to perform with tumors located in the head and neck region and/or in elderly patients with comorbidities incompatible with general anesthesia. Objective: We assessed the benefit of treating MCC exclusively with radiation when conventional treatment (surgery followed by radiotherapy) is not possible. Methods: A total of 25 patients with primary MCC were treated at our institution exclusively with radiotherapy. Because there is no consensus about this specific approach, we compared the recurrence rate of the 25 patients receiving radiotherapy alone with that of 25 patients who received conventional treatment at our institution. Results: The median follow-up periods were 3 years (range: 5 months-11 years) for the group receiving only radiotherapy (group 1) and 9 years (range: 12 months-16 years) for the conventional therapy group (group 2). No local relapses were observed, but two locoregional relapses were observed in group 1, and 4 in group 2. No statistical differences were found in overall and disease-free survival between the two groups of patients. Limitations: The limitation of this study is its retrospective nature. Conclusions: This study confirms the results of our previous research demonstrating that it is possible to treat inoperable MCC exclusively with radiotherapy to obtain an outcome similar to that which is achievable with conventional treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) positive T regulatory cells (Tregs) have a functionally immunosuppressive property that prevents effector cells from acting against self in autoimmune diseases or a tumor. It is known that Tregs may be highly relevant in cancer progression. Dendritic cells (DCs) induce cutaneous immune response, however several studies have suggested that DCs are involved in immunosuppression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Tregs and DCs infiltration in cutaneous premalignant and malignant squamous lesions. Materials and Methods: We evaluated Tregs and DCs in skin tissue samples obtained from 83 patients with actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease or squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Results: The prevalence of Tregs and DCs was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease than in actinic keratosis. In addition, the number of DCs was closely correlated with the prevalence of Tregs, and DCs were also located in direct proximity to Tregs. Conclusion: Tregs is related to cutaneous squamous tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis, also called a dermolipoma, is an uncommon benign hamartomatous skin tumor characterized by deposition of mature adipose tissue within the collagen of the dermis. Two types have been described: 1) solitary and 2) multiple, which is more common at the lower back. We report a case of an uncommon benign condition of a 11-year-old male with non-congenital Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis in the lumbar region. Patient has a 7-year history of growth that started as a single nodule developing into multiple skin-colored pedunculated lesions associated with back pain. MRI of the lumbosacral spine with and without contrast showed evidence of a 10.7 × 7.7 × 2.6 cm low back nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis with well-preserved underlying soft tissue and bony structures. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis after an effective surgical excision without complications. Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis is an uncommon benign condition that can be misdiagnosed during childhood. It is important to be able to recognize it in early stages because it can grow to very large sizes causing not only medical concerns but also aesthetic and self-esteem issues to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted a 12-year retrospective review of vulvar basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in a Chinese population. Study Design: Medical records and histopathologic reports were examined from 5 major Hospitals in Hong Kong to list all patients diagnosed with vulvar BCC. Clinical data and histologic materials were reviewed. Results: Sixteen vulvar BCCs were diagnosed. Most of them were pigmented. They were removed by simple excision or wide local excision. All the carcinomas were identified in the reticular dermis. The predominant histologic pattern was nodular, which may be mistaken as adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: The high proportion of pigmented vulvar BCCs suggested that biopsy should be performed for any pigmented lesion in a Chinese patient. The BCCs are superficial and tissue-preserving treatment approach is recommended. The tumor depth estimation is difficult and intraoperative frozen section consultation may be helpful. Formal histopathologic assessment should be used to reach an objective diagnosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]