Search

The location and level of IL-8 and TGF-β2expression in the fimbrial compartment of fallopian tubes and IL-10 expression in the endometrium of women with pyoinflammatory adnexal diseases were studied by in situ hybridization. These diseases are associated with considerable changes in the levels of local production of these cytokines. Inflammatory infiltration and epithelial cells were most active producers of IL-9 and TGF-β2in the fimbrial compartment of fallopian tubes, while in the endometrium IL-10 gene was expressed at a high level primarily in the glandular epithelial cells.

Changes in the local expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-γ- and TGF-β2genes in the uterine adnexa and endometrium were studied in women with pyoinflammatory adnexal diseases. Examination of tissue specimens from the uterine adnexa involved in inflammation revealed a direct correlation in the levels of mRNA production between IL-6 and IL-10 (r=0.93, p<0.1), IL-6 and IL-4 (r=0.96, p<0.01), IL-10 and IL-4 (r=0.91, p<0.01), IL-12 and IFN-γ (r=0.98, p<0.01). Expression of IL-4 gene increased 5.1-fold (p=0.001), IL-6 2-fold (p=0.007), IL-8 90.2-fold (p=0.009), IL-10 2.9-fold (p=0.008), IL-12 2.3-fold (p=0.3), and TGF-β2gene 10.3-fold (p=0.1). In the endometrium of women with pyoinflammatory adnexal diseases only IL-10 gene expression increased (15.6-fold, p=0.007).

In patients with pyoinflammatory adnexal diseases moderate or intense DNA degradation was observed in the majority of epithelial, stromal, and inflammatory infiltration cell in inflammatory foci in the fimbrial compartment of fallopian tubes without signs of tissue destruction. Expression of TNFR1 gene increased 2.7-fold and expression of Fas gene decreased 3.1-fold compared to intact endosalpinx, which indicates induction of apoptosis triggered by tumor necrosis factor-α and inhibition of the Fas-dependent pathway. No signs of apoptosis were detected in the endometrium. Generalized apoptosis in the fimbrial compartment of the tubes can be a mechanism limiting the inflammatory process.

Production of interleukin, interferon-γ, and transforming growth β2-factor mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied in women with pyoinflammatory diseases of adnexa uteri. Predominant expression of Th1 proinflammatory cytokine genes in patients was demonstrated. Production of interleukins 4 and 8 mRNA decreased 200- and 60-fold, respectively, in comparison with that in healthy women. One month and a half after extirpation of fallopian tubes the cytokine production in blood mononuclear cells shifted towards antiinflammatory cytokines, expression of interleukin-8 gene returned to normal, and expression of interleukin-4 gene increased.

Effect of peptide TSKY on the heart rate was studied in the ground squirrel Citellus undulatusat outcome from hibernation. At provocation of awakening in the first half of the hibernation bout (the 3rd–4th hibernation days), an intraperitoneal peptide injection at a dose of 1 mg/kg produced a deceleration of the HR increase and elongated the time of transfer of the animal to the normothermia state. This effect was not observed in the second half of the hibernation bout (the 5th–7th hibernation days). The study of the peptide cardiotropic activity on an isolated frog heart did not reveal any statistically significant TSKY activity.

1.Mass spectrometric analysis has been used in studying the products from tribochemical conversions of two organosilicon fluids, i.e., m- and p-bis(methyl-di-n-decylsiloxy)benzenes.2.It has been established that the p isomer, in comparison with the m isomer, has a longer operating life in the model rolling-friction unit.3.It has been shown that the tribochemical conversions of the test fluids form new substances with molecular weights from 94 to 958. The products from tribochemical reactions of the p isomer, in comparison with the m isomer, are characterized by higher contents of iow-molecular-weight olefinic hydrocarbons and alkylsiloxybenzenes with short alkyl side chains, as well as by a new substance with a molecular weight higher than the original.

1.The hydrocarbon group composition has been established for asphaltenes produced by pyrolysis. It has been shown that higher pyrolysis temperatures are associated with smaller amounts of naphthalenes and acenaph-thenes and greater amounts of the more highly condensed naphthenic-aromatic hydrocarbons of the fluorene and benzacenaphthene type.2.It has been shown that, of the components of the pyrolysis tars, the asphaltenes will give the highest yield of coke. An increase in the content of condensed naphthenic-aromatic hydrocarbons in the starting material will lead to an increase in the coke yield.3.The cokes obtained from the asphaltene fractions of pyrolysis tar have a structure with short striations.

1.A method is proposed for the mass spectrometric analysis of volatile products from the thermal decomposition of esters of dibasic C10 acids and neopentyl alcohols. By this method, the product composition can be determined at temperatures up to 450°C, as well as the rate of formation of individual components under isothermal conditions.2.This method has been used to study the composition of the volatile products obtained in thermal decomposition of a polyester of sebacic acid, neopentyl glycol, and neopentyl alcohol at temperatures from 200 to 440°C. It has been shown that these products contain olefinic hydrocarbons with two to five carbon atoms. As the temperature is increased from 200 to 440°C, the ethylene content increases to 67%. The rate of ethylene formation is exponentially dependent on temperature.

1.The hydrocarbon composition of the raw material and products of pyrolysis boiling within a wide temperature range-light oil (low boiling to 195°C), green oil (195–350°C), and hydraulic resin (270–500°C)-was investigated by the methods of molecular mass spectroscopy.2.It was shown that the initial kerosene-gas oil fraction is represented chiefly by saturated hydrocarbons (44% paraffin and 38.9% naphthene), containing from one to four rings in the molecule. Aromatic hydrocarbons are represented chiefly by alkylbenzenes (7.8%), indans, and tetralins (3.6%), and dinaphthenebenzenes (1.6%).3.It was established that the light oil of pyrolysis consists of 98% of aromatic hydrocarbons: alkyl- and alkenylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes. Alkylbenzenes (75.9% of the light oil) are represented chiefly by benzene and toluene; the content of alkenylbenzenes comprises 14.8 mole %.4.The structure-group composition of the green oil of pyrolysis was determined. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons of various degrees of hydrogen unsaturation, from CnH2n-6 to CnH2n-22 (90.6% on the basis of green oil), represented chiefly by naphthalene and its methyl derivatives, was determined. The content of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons is low and comprises 2.7% monoolefins, 1.8% diolefins and cycloolefins, and 8.2% aromatic hydrocarbons with multiple bonds in the cycloalkyl substituent-indenes.5.The hydrocarbon composition of hydraulic resin was established. It was shown that it contains chiefly condensed hydrocarbons with two, three, and four aromatic rings: naphthalenes 35.3%, acenaphthenes 13%, phenanthrenes and anthracenes 20.2%, benzoacenaphthenes 6.1%, and pyrenes 6.6%. The resin contains 8.7% hydrocarbons with one benzene ring; alkylbenzenes, indans, and indenes.