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Promoting the charge separation to improve photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts is very important in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Here, a novel MoS2/CdS 2D–2D ultrathin nanosheet heterostructure was fabricated via a one-pot solvothermal route. The obtained 2D–2D MoS2/CdS nanojunction has not only provided large contact areas, but also shortened the charge transport distance, resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2evolution property. The composites that were synthesized were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis. By optimizing the 2D MoS2 amounts in the heterojunction, the 5 wt.% 2D/2D MoS2/CdS heterojunction displayed the maximal photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4449 μmolh−1g−1under visible light irradiation in the presence of lactic acid as the sacrificial reagent, which was 6 times higher than that of pristine 2D CdS. Based on the photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence spectra tests, it could be deduced that the charge separation and transfer of 2D/2D MoS2/CdS heterojunction was tremendously improved, and the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs was effectively impeded. Moreover, the 2D MoS2 was used as a cocatalyst to provide the abundant active sites and lower the overpotential for H2 generation reaction. The current work would offer an insight to fabricate the 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts for splitting H2O into H2.

Over the past 2 decades, radial artery access has increasingly become the standard approach for coronary angiography and intervention. Compared with femoral arteries, transradial access is associated with better hemostasis. Transradial access has increased patient preference, facilitates early ambulation, and is cost-effective. An important limitation of transradial access is access site failure, and it carries a crossover rate of 3% to 7% in randomized prospective trials comparing radial with femoral artery access among experienced operators. Crossover rates for failed primary radial artery access can be reduced with ultrasonography guidance and increased familiarity with alternative access sites in the wrist.

We show that Ce3+ ions when used as an additive to ceria dispersions enhance plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride polish or removal rates (RRs). Ceria slurries (0.1 wt% and 140 nm avg. size) containing 2.3 mM Ce(NO3)3 and no other additive gave nitride RRs of [?]300 nm/min at 4 psi and [?]350 nm/min at 5 psi, both at pH4. The nitride RRs measured in the presence of Ce(NO3)3, Ce(CH3COO)3 and KNO3 suggest that the rate enhancement is solely due to the presence of Ce3+ ions. We discuss the underlying mechanism causing high silicon nitride RRs in the presence of Ce3+ ions based on XPS analysis of pre- and post-polished silicon nitride and oxynitride film surfaces, streaming potential data and high oxynitride RRs obtained using the same ceria particle-based slurries as above. It is suggested that the Ce3+ ions convert the upper layers of the nitride film into an oxynitride that is polished by the abrasives at a high rate. In this process, the conversion of the nitride film seems to be the rate controlling step with the oxidation and polishing occurring in a repetitive manner.

Co, a candidate material for barrier and capping layers in 10 nm and smaller Cu interconnects, is prone to corrosion and galvanic corrosion during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) and wet cleaning in aqueous environments posing a serious challenge to its use since the Co liner in the advanced nodes is desired to be only [?]2 to 3 nm thick. We show that DEcorr between Cu and Co (2 nm) films can be reduced to <10 mV, with Cu being more noble, in an aqueous solution of 6.6 mM (0.05 wt%) Glycine + 15 mM 1,2,4 Triazole, while maintaining an excellent surface finish making it an excellent cleaning solution for Cu/Co (2 nm) structures. We also show that such thin Co films behave electrochemically very differently from thicker (physical vapor deposited 200 nm and even 20 nm) films, perhaps due to differences in deposition methods, differences in surface interactions as determined by XPS and in grain sizes as revealed by SEM imaging, and that (post-CMP) cleaning solutions available for the thicker films do not work for them.

Serological survey was carried out in order to investigate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in ruminants in coastal regions (flood prone areas) of endemic states (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu) of India using non-purposive samples collected during the year 2011 and 2012. A total of 553 serum samples (Cattle-332; Buffaloes-85; Goats-107 and Sheep-29) collected randomly from twenty one coastal districts of five states were tested at 1:100 dilution in microscopic agglutination test using 14 reference leptospira serovars. The overall seroprevalence of 24.96 % (138/553) with 20.48 % in cattle, 20 % in buffaloes, 58.62 % in sheep and 38.3 % in goats was observed. The results of χ2tests revealed that the seroprevalance in cattle across different districts (regions) in each of the surveyed states are not associated except in Kerala (χ2= 33.98, p < 0.05). In other species (buffalo, sheep and goat) also there is no association of seroprevalance across different districts in each of the states. Among the targeted endemic states, high prevalence was observed in Maharashtra (19/53 = 35.85 %) followed by Kerala (52/165 = 31.51 %), Andhra Pradesh (16/50 = 32 %), Gujarat (48/212 = 22.64 %) and Tamil Nadu (3/72 = 4.17 %). Out of 138 reacted sera, 37 samples showed multiple reactivities with 26.81 % prevalence. The predominant leptospiral antibodies were determined against frequency of distribution of the serovars Hardjo (28.99 %) followed by Kaup (18.12 %), Pomona (15.94 %), Bankinang (14.49 %). This study supports that ruminants may have a role in maintaining intermediate species serovar Kaup apart from being a well-known reservoir for Hardjo serovar in endemic states of India.

This manuscript discusses about the Parameter estimation of Induction motor by utilizing the soft computing methodologies that is by using evolutionary algorithms such as Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm optimization, Artificial immune algorithm to overcome the difficulties in the conventional method where we calculating the per phase equivalent circuit parameters from the No load test and Blocked rotor test which compromises in result in terms of accuracy of the result and also evaluated the accuracy of the different algorithm in estimating the parameters of the induction motor.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary event of uncertain origin. Clinical features and prognosis remain insufficiently characterized.

The male accessory reproductive glands (ARGs) of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera liturabegin development on 6th day of the pupal stage. The synthetic activity of the gland begins from the eighth day pupal stage as shown by 3H-leucine incorporation studies. There is a significant increase (2.4-fold) in the specific activity of 3H-leucine incorporation into TCA precipitable proteins in 10 hr old males when compared to newly emerged males (0 hr), and this synthesis is partially blocked (60%) by cycloheximide (5μg/insect) treatment. Les glandes accessoires de réproduction (ARG) du Spodoptera lituracommencent le dével¬oppement en etape de milieu-pupille et les activités synthétiques depuis le huitième jour d’étape pupille comme montré pavles études incorporés de 3H-leucine. Le taux du synthese proteine augmente d’une manière significative dans les mâles quisont émergés nouvellement et le synthèse est blocké par le traîtment cycloheximide.

Co, a candidate material for barrier and capping layers in 10 nm and smaller Cu interconnects, is prone to corrosion and galvanic corrosion during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) and wet cleaning in aqueous environments posing a serious challenge to its use since the Co liner in the advanced nodes is desired to be only ∼2 to 3 nm thick. We show that ΔEcorrbetween Cu and Co (2 nm) films can be reduced to <10 mV, with Cu being more noble, in an aqueous solution of 6.6 mM (0.05 wt%) Glycine + 15 mM 1,2,4 Triazole, while maintaining an excellent surface finish making it an excellent cleaning solution for Cu/Co (2 nm) structures. We also show that such thin Co films behave electrochemically very differently from thicker (physical vapor deposited 200 nm and even 20 nm) films, perhaps due to differences in deposition methods, differences in surface interactions as determined by XPS and in grain sizes as revealed by SEM imaging, and that (post-CMP) cleaning solutions available for the thicker films do not work for them.

We show that Ce3+ions when used as an additive to ceria dispersions enhance plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride polish or removal rates (RRs). Ceria slurries (0.1 wt% and 140 nm avg. size) containing 2.3 mM Ce(NO3)3and no other additive gave nitride RRs of ∼300 nm/min at 4 psi and ∼350 nm/min at 5 psi, both at pH4. The nitride RRs measured in the presence of Ce(NO3)3, Ce(CH3COO)3and KNO3suggest that the rate enhancement is solely due to the presence of Ce3+ions. We discuss the underlying mechanism causing high silicon nitride RRs in the presence of Ce3+ions based on XPS analysis of pre- and post-polished silicon nitride and oxynitride film surfaces, streaming potential data and high oxynitride RRs obtained using the same ceria particle-based slurries as above. It is suggested that the Ce3+ions convert the upper layers of the nitride film into an oxynitride that is polished by the abrasives at a high rate. In this process, the conversion of the nitride film seems to be the rate controlling step with the oxidation and polishing occurring in a repetitive manner.