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job satisfaction among healthcare workers plays a crucial role in improving radiology service, including diagnosis of imaging, disease monitoring, therapy guidance, and treatment plans.

Medical linear accelerator (Linac) is widely used for radiotherapy purposes which is one of the modalities for radiation therapy. When a Linac is being installed, an initial survey is required during the first beam and a complete shielding survey must be carried out after the Linac has been operational and calibration is completed. Based on the detailed survey report, the facility license is issued. Worldwide several organizations provide various recommendations regarding shielding design and radiation safety issues. The purpose of this paper is to show how to assess or validate the radiation safety and shielding status of the newly installed Linac facility in Bangladesh. In this study, one of the Linac facilities in Dhaka city has been chosen which was installed in 2021. The dose rate meter RadEYE PRD and tele survey meter TELE-STTC are used for x-ray/gamma-ray dose measurement and REM 12/4 count rate meter for neutron measurement. A maximum photon dose of 5.56 μSvh−1was observed at a gantry angle of 900along the center front of the door, while a maximum neutron dose of 1 μSvh−1was found at three different locations. The obtained results are in line with the recommendations by controlling organizations. This study found that the Linac can be operated safely for both conventional and IMRT modes, and the same shielding procedure can be followed all over the country for the same Linac setting.

Introduction: The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the imaging characteristics of 89Zr-PET in comparison with those obtained using fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG) PET (a gold standard tracer in PET imaging) using a small-animal NanoScan PET/CT scanner. Methods: The system’s spatial resolution, sensitivity, uniformity, and image quality were measured on a Nano Scan small-animal PET/CT scanner according to the NEMA NU4-2008 protocols. For reconstruction images, we used 2D and 3D reconstruction algorithms. The reconstruction methods included filter back projection (FBP), the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm, and the 3D Tera-Tomo algorithm, which are developed for the NanoScan small-animal PET/CT scanner. Results: The results obtained showed a significant difference in the spatial resolution for 89Zr as compared to 22Na and 18F when using a 2D reconstruction algorithm. The spatial resolution values were much enhanced by using the 3D Tera-Tomo reconstruction for each isotope, the Full width at half maximum (FWHM) values was less than 1 for all isotopes at the center of the field of view (FOV). This difference in spatial resolution is dependent on the positron range, energy, and the reconstruction method. Conclusion: The long half-life of 89Zr makes it an ideal positron emitter for performing immuno- PET, which is matched with the biological half-life of intact mAbs.89Zr can also give several advantages over other long half-life positron emitters in relation to the overall imaging performance because of its relatively short positron range and simpler decay scheme. The values of 89Zr sensitivity that were obtained in the present study were less than those of previous studies.

This study was designed to characterize portal hypertension (PH) by assessing cirrhosis, estimating portal vein (PV) width and spleen size, identifying ascites and deciding abnormal collateral routes in hepatosplenic Schistosoma mansoni patients using brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound (US). A total of 209 adult patients with hepatosplenic Schistosoma mansoni were prospectively recruited from the Gezira state in central Sudan between February 2016 and May 2019. The sonographic features observed include the overall assessment of liver size, PV diameter, gallbladder (GB) wall thickness, splenic size, the lack of or reduced respiratory variations of the splenic vein (SV), collateral circulation and the presence of ascites. The results revealed that a majority of patients were affected with PH due to schistosomiasis infection (94.7%), liver cirrhosis (3.8%) and viral cirrhosis (1.4%). The measures of PV diameter and the lack of or reduced respiratory variations of SV in patients affected with schistosomiasis were statistically significant when compared with the mean value obtained from the healthy adult participants in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, over half of the examined patients presented with portosystemic collaterals. In conclusion, the US findings were highly specific and sufficient to diagnose PH due to schistosomiasis infection.

Radiographic Imaging represents the largest source of exposure to ionizing radiation humans from artificial sources. The estimated annual radiation exposure per individual in the United States is 6.20 mSv. This study aims to evaluate the rejection rate at King Khalid Hospital-Al-Kharj retrospectively and to identify the causes of rejection to radiographic technique. This study was carried out at King Khalid Hospital (KKH) and Prince Sultan center for health services (PSCHS) in Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia. The radiographs were retrospectively analyzed for seven digital X-ray machines for three consecutive months. Reject rates per technologist and cause for rejection were analyzed. In total, 22552 radiographic images were acquired for 11134 patients (15363 radiographs) obtained over a period of three months. 67.1% (7544 patients) of the patients are males. Two thousand two hundred five patients were pediatric, representing 19.8% of the all-patients group. In total, 50 technologists are working in the radiology departments with different levels of qualification (Diploma, and Bachelor of Science) and experience. 27 (54%) radiography technologist are working at the planar radiography departments. The overall average positioning error is 34.26%, while the anatomical cut-off is 13.37%. Therefore, staff training is recommended to ensure that patients are well positioned regarding patient setup and body positioning with the proper exposure setting. The study showed no significant difference between image receptors in reject analysis, suggesting that operator performance and professional experience are more important factor than type of image receptor. The study showed that screen film radiography (SFR) is still used in many African countries, while computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) are dominant in Gulf, Europe, and the United States.

Medical personnel in nuclear medicine departments are exposed to ionizing radiation which is associated with cancer induction and mortality risks. Examples of such personnel are those working in the hot-areas where radioisotopes for nuclear medicine examinations are prepared. This work aims to estimate the occupational radiation exposure for workers at the Nuclear Medicine department in Da Nang Oncology Hospital, Vietnam.

The current study aimed to investigate the use of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) as a non-invasive probe for assessing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) efficacy in 32 high-grade glioma patients (HGGs). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed pre- and post-CRT, and FA and MD maps were constructed with Philips MRI 1.5 T beside Intellispace software. Tumor regression and progression were assessed by changes in tumor size monitored with T1-contrast enhancement, with 15 cases (46.9%) demonstrating regression and 17 cases (53.1%) showing progression. The cut-off values of mean before CRT FA and MD in the tumor core were 0.345 and 0.957 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively, with a sensitivity of 73.3% and 86.7% and a specificity of 70.6% and 52.9%. In the peritumoral zone, the mean values of pre-FA and MD were 0.415 and 1.21 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively, with a sensitivity of 93.3% and 86.7% and a specificity of 76.5% for both. Comparatively, the cut-off values of mean after CRT FA and MD in the tumor core were 0.295 and 0.965 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively, with a sensitivity of 99.2% and 98.1% and a specificity of 94.1% and 93.1%. Higher post-CRT FA and MD values were associated with better treatment response rates, indicating that FA and MD are valuable DTI metrics for assessing CRT efficacy in HGG regression and progression without invasive procedures.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a vascular compression affecting young people. PAES can cause claudication and lead to distal blood flow reduction. Ultrasound could provide a direct and indirect diagnosis approach using different provocative maneuvers. However, the reliability and accuracy of Duplex ultrasound alone to diagnose PAES are uncertain. This study hypothesizes that Duplex ultrasound could lead to false-positive results. Therefore, the study aims to assess the popliteal artery diameter and velocity profile in asymptomatic young people at different provocative maneuvers.

In the present study we focused on the anti-asthmatic and antioxidant effects of Zingiber officinalis roscoeL. (ZO) aqueous extract. This study includes 20 adult male rats, which were grouped into four; Group I: control group; Group II: asthmatic group (Ovalbumin sensitized/challenge model, Oval group); Group III: received ovalbumin sensitized/challenge associated a dose of 207 mg/kg body weight (BW) of ZO (Oval + D1 group); Group IV: received ovalbumin sensitized/challenge associated a dose of 414 mg/k BW of ZO (Oval + D2 group). After 21 days, blood and lung samples were collected for biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses. The ameliorative effect of ZO phytochemical compounds was also assessed by in silico approach on transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) receptors. The oxidative/antioxidative status was evaluated in the lung tissues. Our results show that ZO extract alleviated the ovalbumin-induced hematological and biochemical disruptions associated oxidative injury. In fact, white and red blood cells (WBC and RBC, respectively), aspartate aminotransaminase (ASAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly disrupted (p< 0.05) in Oval group and alleviated following ZO treatment. Besides, several histopathological features were outlined in lung tissues of Oval group. Interestingly, ZO was found to exert ameliorative effects on tissue level. In silico analyses, particularly the binding affinities, the number of H-bonds, the embedding distance and the molecular interactions of ZO phytochemical compounds with either STAT6 or TNF-αsupported the in vivo results. These findings confirm the potential ethno-pharmacological effects of ZO against asthma and its associated complications.

Radiotherapy research requires a flexible computational research environment for Monte Carlo and patientspecific treatment planning. The ability to perform organs delineation and measurements of dose distribution within the patient is necessary for analysis of treatment parameters. XSTING was used for the evaluation of chest-wall irradiation using electron beams. Treatment planning was performed by EGSnrcMP (BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc); the dose files were transported to XSTING to calculate isodose distribution and dose volume histograms (DVH). The results were compared with those produced by DOSXYZnrc output as well as the 3D representation of volumes receiving a certain dose range, to make sure that XSTING accurately computes DVHs. The results showed a good match in isodose distributions and DVHs for volume of the lung that received specified dose-levels thus proving the accuracy of XSTING. The short time needed to perform dose distribution measurements proved that XSTING can be used in patient-specific treatment planning. XSTING can thus be used effectively in Monte Carlo research.

•CT technologists showed good knowledge about the exposure parameters.•CT technologists were capable of modifying parameters.•CT technologists should be involved in protocols designing.•More efforts about DRLs importance and implementation should be made.