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Polymer coating to substrates alters surface chemistry and imparts bulk material functionalities with a minute thickness, even in nanoscale. Specific surface modification of a substate usually requires an active substrate that, e.g., undergoes a chemical reaction with the modifying species. Here, we present a generic method for surface modification, namely, solid-state adsorption, occurring purely by entropic strive. Formed by heating above the melting point or glass transition and subsequent rinsing of the excess polymer, the emerging ultrathin (<10 nm) layers are known in fundamental polymer physics but have never been utilized as building blocks for materials and they have never been explored on soft matter substrates. We show with model surfaces as well as bulk substrates, how solid-state adsorption of common polymers, such as polystyrene and poly(lactic acid), can be applied on soft, cellulose-based substrates. Our study showcases the versatility of solid-state adsorption across various polymer/substrate systems. Specifically, we achieve proof-of-concept hydrophobization on flexible cellulosic substrates, maintaining irreversible and miniscule adsorption yet with nearly 100% coverage without compromising the bulk material properties. The method can be considered generic for all polymers whose Tgand Tmare below those of the to-be-coated adsorbed layer, and whose integrity can withstand the solvent leaching conditions. Its full potential has broad implications for diverse materials systems where surface coatings play an important role, such as packaging, foldable electronics, or membrane technology.

Contact micromanipulations are mostly based on multirobot coordinated operations for specific tasks and targets. However, micromanipulations involve a highly orchestrated set of tasks requiring an uncertain range of flexibilities and dimensions. Therefore, coordination strategies enabling multirobots to dynamically adapt to complex tasks are still needed. Here, we propose a formation-based dynamically reconfigurable control method for railed multirobot coordinated micromanipulation to form a multiconfiguration of end-effectors. Modular micromanipulators perform macro–micro cross-scale motions to complete coordination on the rail. By presetting the configuration, the micromanipulators automatically transform the configuration from single ended to double ended and even multiended using the leader–follower and artificial potential field methods. The virtual “attraction” and “repulsion” generated by the artificial potential function enable the micromanipulators to reach the required formation. Then, the “followers” and “leader” maintain the required position constraints, and the manipulations are completed under the guidance of the “leader.” Our experimental results show the feasibility and stability of the control method and the superior following performance. The method can be used to manipulate adhesives of different shapes or fragile targets with sizes between 50 and 1000 μm in a liquid environment and can achieve high success rates of target release within 1.5 s by a poking strategy.

This commentary provides an analysis of the study by Fu et al. in Kidney International, which employs 3 administrative databases to investigate the hyperkalemia protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. It emphasizes the methodological approach, notably the use of a fixed-effect model to aggregate pairwise comparisons from 3 data sets. In addition, we explored the broader cardiorenal and potential nonrenal benefits of these drug classes, underscoring the imperative for continued research in this domain.

Graphical Abstract:

A cation-tunable strategy was reported for highly selective absorption of low-concentration SO2over CO2in flue gas, where the cation had a significant effect on the selectivity. The absorption capacity and selectivity of low-concentration SO2by various ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated; therein, protic IL [THEEDH][Tetz] showed the best selectivity of 80.6 (120.4) under the atmosphere of 2000 ppm of SO2and 15% CO2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigations and quantum chemical calculations indicated that the effect of the cation on the electronegativity of the anion was significant, leading to an obvious increase in selectivity. This cation-tunable IL offered a significant improvement in the selective absorption of SO2compared to traditional ILs, indicating its potential in acid gas separation in industry.

Abstract: This work studies high carbon steel sheet with carbon content of 0.67 wt %. It has been demonstrated that the mechanical properties of specimens manufactured in different directions with respect to the rolling direction of the considered high carbon steel sheet are in fact the same. That is, for specimens tested for tension in various directions, the ratio of yield stress σ0.2to the ultimate strength σuis 0.73; the index of strain hardening is n≈ 0.24; the coefficient of plastic deformation is r≈ 0.83. This indicates that the considered sheet is not characterized by obvious anisotropy of mechanical properties. During tension at the segment of uniform deformation, the plastic deformation is localized in graphite and during necking is transferred also into the ferrite matrix. When elongation increases, micropores are formed between the graphite inclusion and ferrite grain along the direction of the axis of tension, and these micropores propagate along the direction perpendicular to the axis of tension. The number of slip lines in ferrite grain gradually increases and the distance between them gradually decreases. Upon breakage of specimen, a large pit is formed on the surface with the core composed of graphite inclusion; in addition, minor pits are observed inside ferrite grain. Ferrite grain near the surface of breakage is covered with slip lines, which indicates that the ferrite matrix has been subjected to strong plastic deformation before the breakage.

Backgrounds: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a surrogate marker of systemic response to physiological stress, is used for prognosis prediction in many diseases. However, the usefulness of this marker for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) progression is unclear. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the Chang Gung Research Database. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of stage 1 or 2 AKI were identified. The primary outcome was a composite of progression to stage 3 AKI, requirement of renal replacement therapy, or 14-day in-hospital mortality. The association between NLR and the primary outcome was examined using a logistic regression model and multivariable analysis. The nonlinearity and cutoff points of this relationship were determined using a restricted cubic spline model. Results: A total of 10,441 patients were enrolled. NLR level at the time of stage 1–2 AKI diagnosis was a marker of adverse outcomes. After adjustment for confounders, NLR was independently associated with the composite outcome of AKI progression, renal replacement therapy, or mortality. The restricted cubic spline model revealed a J-shaped curve, with the lowest odds ratio for an NLR between 7 and 38. Subgroup analysis revealed linear and J-shaped relationships between NLR and the primary outcome in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for medical reasons and for cardiovascular surgery, respectively. Conclusions: NLR is an independent marker of AKI progression and in-hospital mortality. Because it is readily available in daily practice, it might be used for risk stratification in the AKI population. Graphic abstract:

The disinfection efficacy and mechanism of activity of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) were investigated against Cronobacter sakazakii. Treatment with three concentrations of SAEW decreased C. sakazakiiby 23 to 55% after 2 min. Propidium iodide uptake and scanning electron micrographs indicated that SAEW treatment damaged cell integrity and changed membrane permeability resulting in leakage of nucleic acids (109.7%), intercellular proteins (692.3%), and potassium ions (53.6%). The ability to form biofilms was also reduced. SAEW treatment reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase from 100.73 and 114.18 U/mg protein to 50.03 and 50.13 U/mg protein, respectively. Expression of C. sakazakiiresponse regulator genes (katG, rpoS, phoP, glpK, dacC,and CSK29544_RS05515) was reduced, which blocked repair of osmotic stress–induced damage and inhibited biofilm formation. These findings provide insight into the effects of SAEW on bacterial genotype and phenotype.

The work presented here describes a highly sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor for the detection of Sudan I dye based on a nanocomposite made of MoS2heterogeneous nanosheets (1T@2H-MoS2) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) (1T@2H-MoS2/cMWCNTs). XPS results indicate that the content of 1T phase MoS2was estimated to be 72% in 1T@2H-MoS2. Electron microscopy results show that the tubular cMWCNTs are uniformly interwoven in MoS2nanosheets to form a three-dimensional network structure. Due to the synergistic electrocatalytic ability and high electroactive surface area, the 1T@2H-MoS2/cMWCNTs modified electrode demonstrated excellent analytical performance for Sudan I, including simple operation, good stability and a wide linear range from 5.00 × 10−9to 2.00 × 10−6mol L−1and 2.00 × 10−6to 1.00 × 10−4mol L−1with an ultra-low detection limit of 1.56 × 10−9mol L−1. The recoveries of Sudan I from spiked real samples (chilli powder and ketchup) were in the range of 95.60% to 106.10% with low RSD (<5%), indicating that the 1T@2H-MoS2/cMWCNTs modified electrode is a promising tool for the analysis of illegal Sudan I in food samples.

Plant-derived esterase is a promising alternative enzyme source for pesticide residue analysis. The present study aimed to obtain purified red kidney bean esterase (RKBE), investigate its biochemical properties and application potential in pesticide residue assay. RKBE was extracted and purified by simple aqueous two-phase extraction combined with dextran gel filtration chromatography, with specific activity of 11.845 U/mg and purification fold of 18.952. SDS-PAGE revealed that RKBE has a molecular weight of 33 kDa. Preliminary structural characterization showed the amino acid sequence of RKBE was similar to that of α/β-hydrolase (ESW18998) derived from Phaseolus vulgariswith 19.5% sequence coverage, and the relative contents of β-sheet, β-turn, α-helix, and random coil were 22.69%, 24.19%, 30.12%, and 23.00%, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature of RKBE were 6.5 and 40 °C. Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and low concentrations of methanol and ethanol stimulated the enzyme activity. The half-life was 138.6 days at −20 °C. Kinetic studies showed that RKBE exhibited a high affinity and catalytic activity towards 1-naphthyl acetate, with a Kmof 0.277 mM and a Kcat/Kmof 0.455 s−1 mM−1. Enzyme-specific inhibition assay indicated RKBE to be a carboxylesterase. Finally, pesticide susceptibility experiments confirmed that organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides exerted inhibitory effects on RKBE catalytic activity. For methamidophos, methomyl, dichlorvos, and carbaryl, the limit of detection (IC10) values in cabbage were 0.0031, 0.0045, 0.001, and 0.0065 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting that RKBE can serve as a new, widely available and cost-effective enzyme source for pesticide residual assay in foods.

Immunosenescence refers to the immune system changes observed in individuals over 50 years old, characterized by diminished immune response and chronic inflammation. Recent investigations have highlighted similar immune alterations in patients with reduced kidney function. The immune system and kidney function have been found to be closely interconnected. Studies have shown that as kidney function declines, both innate and adaptive immunity are affected. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients exhibit decreased levels of naive and regular T cells, as well as naive and memory B cells, while memory T cell counts increase. Furthermore, research suggests that CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients experience early thymic dysfunction and heightened homeostatic proliferation of naive T cells. In addition to reduced thymic T cell production, CKD patients display shorter telomeres in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Potato, the third most important food crop worldwide, is rich in nutrients but low in protein. In contrast, milk is rich in protein. Yogurt produced through the cofermentation of potatoes and milk is a highly nutritious food. The quality and shelf life of yogurt are important topics in the dairy industry. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the addition of essential oil (EO) on the shelf life and quality of potato yogurt. The antimicrobial effects of several EOs, the effect of perilla leaf EO (PLEO) concentration on potato yogurt, and the volatile flavor components of PLEO and PLEO potato yogurt were evaluated. The effects of storage time and temperature on the pH, microbial counts, and sensory characteristics of PLEO potato yogurt also were analyzed to establish a shelf-life model. PLEO had an antimicrobial effect and was the appropriate EO for use in the potato yogurt. A total of 69 compounds were detected in PLEO, and limonene was the main compound. PLEO had an effect on the pH, sensory characteristics, and viable bacterial counts of potato yogurt during storage. The optimal concentration of added PLEO was 0.04%. PLEO had considerable influence on volatile flavor components, and the consumer acceptance of 0.04% PLEO potato yogurt was higher than that of potato yogurt without PLEO in the later stage of storage. The shelf life of potato yogurt with PLEO was 6 days longer than that of the control yogurt. PLEO also improved the concentrations of active terpene substances in potato yogurt. The prediction models based on pH and sensory scores at 5°C were established as A= A0e0.00323tand A= A0e0.00355t,respectively. Comparison of the accuracy factor and the deviation factor of the models revealed that the sensory prediction model was more accurate than the pH prediction model. The results of this study provide theoretical and data support for the industrial development of yogurt with EOs, including extension and prediction of its shelf life.

Although the colorimetric methods can easily meet the demands of point-of-care and ease-of-use for antibiotic detection, they still face many challenges in the accuracy and stability of assay. Herein, a facile and stable colorimetric aptasensor is first developed for kanamycin residue detection based on the aptamer-enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activity of layered WS2nanosheets. The investigation confirmed that aptamer sequences can improve the affinity of nanosheets to the chromogenic substrate 3,3′’,5,5′’-tetramethylbenzidine, resulting in a significant increase of the peroxidase-mimicking activity. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection of the proposed colorimetric aptasensor for kanamycin was determined to be as low as 0.6 μM, and such an aptasensor displays excellent selectivity against other competitive antibiotics. Moreover, further studies have verified the applicability of the established colorimetric aptasensor in several actual samples, indicating that the aptasensor may have bright application prospects for kanamycin detection in livestock husbandry and agriculture samples.

A total of 115 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were screened from traditional fermented foods in Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. The cholesterol removal rates of 86 isolates ranged from 7.29 to 25.66%, and 18 isolates showed a cholesterol removal rate of more than 15%. According to the results of physiological and biological tests, 13 isolates were selected to determine the fermentation performance; 9 isolates—MT-4, MT-2, PJ-15, SR2-2, SQ-4, SQ-7, ST2-2, ST2-6, and NR1-7—had high tolerance of bile salt and acid and had a survival rate of more than 96% under pH 3.0 and 0.3% bile salt. ST2-2, SR2-2, NR1-7, SQ-4, and MT-4 had high survival rate in different concentrations of NaCl and NaNO2under different temperatures. According to BLAST comparison results of the 16S rRNA sequence in the GenBank database and the genetic distance of the 16S rRNA sequence with an ortho-connected algorithm, SR2-2, NR1-7, and ST2-2 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum,MT-4 was identified as Lactobacillus pentosus,and SQ-4 was identified as Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Moreover, strains SQ-4 and MT-4 were added to fermented beef. Results showed that the fermented beef had delicious taste and was popular to consumers because of its proper pH, pleasant colors, high viable cell count, and suitable content of bound and immobilized water. These results provide a basis for the development of new starter formulation for the production of high-quality fermented meat products.

Different from traditional chemical surface modification, localized modification of the reducing end groups of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), i.e.the active aldehyde groups, provides new opportunities for diverse functional applications of this renewable nanomaterial without altering its surface chemistry and properties. Numerous reviews have deeply discussed the surface modification of the hydroxyl groups of CNCs, but no critical comment has been reported on the reducing end modification approach. This review is a comprehensive summary on the modification of the CNC reducing end, presenting the reaction mechanisms and conditions, discussing the different chemical modification strategies and characterization techniques, potential applications and future challenges in this field. In addition, the comparison between surface and end modification strategies of CNCs will highlight the potential of reducing end-functionalized CNCs to be used in various applications as an alternative to traditional surface-modified CNCs, or as additional functional nanoparticles for the design of advanced functional materials.

Steel strip is an extremely important industrial material and is widely used in various industrial fields. During the production process, surface defects need to be detected quickly and accurately. This study proposes a model. This study proposes a new slim-YOLOv8 (lightweight YOLOv8) detection model. The model is based on YOLOv8 and adopts a lightweight design paradigm, which reduces the number of parameters of the model and enhances the detection real-time performance. At the same time, an online reparameterization method is introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network without raising the inference cost, and to improve the model's detection accuracy for complex defects. Finally, an auxiliary training head that can provide richer gradient information is added to the model to help train the model while preventing model overfitting. The performance of slim-YOLOv8 in mean average precision and parameters was evaluated on the well-known steel strip surface defect detection dataset NEU-DET, reaching a mAP of 85.8% at IoU 0.50 and 50.3% in the IoU 0.50–0.95 range. This is an improvement of 8.3% and 3%, respectively, compared to the baseline model. Meanwhile, the number of parameters of the model was reduced from 3.0 M to 2.7 M, which is 7% lower than the baseline model. The experimental results show that slim-YOLOv8 uses a smaller number of parameters, but has higher accuracy and is able to detect various defects in the dataset well.

Anthocyanin accumulation is acknowledged as a phenotypic indicator of phosphate (Pi) starvation. However, negative regulators of this process and their molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that WRKY33 acts as a negative regulator of phosphorus-status-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis. WRKY33 regulates the expression of the gene encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), a rate-limiting enzyme in anthocyanin production, both directly and indirectly. WRKY33 binds directly to the DFRpromoter to repress its expression and also interferes with the MBW complex through interacting with PAP1 to indirectly influence DFRtranscriptional activation. Under −Pi conditions, PHR1 interacts with WRKY33, and the protein level of WRKY33 decreases; the repression of DFRexpression by WRKY33 is thus attenuated, leading to anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. Further genetic and biochemical assays suggest that PHR1 is also involved in regulating factors that affect WRKY33 protein turnover. Taken together, our findings reveal that Pi starvation represses WRKY33, a repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to finely tune anthocyanin biosynthesis. This “double-negative logic” regulation of phosphorus-status-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis is required for the maintenance of plant metabolic homeostasis during acclimation to Pi starvation.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, incurable disease that causes great suffering to patients. High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are promising carriers of curcumin (Cur), which has a beneficial effect on UC. The retention rate of Cur encapsulated in HIPEs prepared by pea protein isolated nanoparticles/octenyl succinic anhydride-modified linear dextrin composite particles (PPINs/OSA-LD) or PPINs reached 84.85% and 85.98%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of Cur dissolved in corn oil (73.84%) due to the superior protection of the emulsion interfacial structure. The HIPEs showed higher bioaccessibility of Cur (31.16%) due to the higher degree of free fatty acid release. After emulsion treatment, the symptoms of UC were ameliorated, mainly manifested by the recovery of body weight, growth of the colon, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors, up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors, and balance of gut microbiota composition. The Cur-loaded HIPEs show an outstanding improvement in UC.

In addition to being a renewable nanomaterial, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit a high specific modulus and are widely used as a reinforcing phase (filler) to improve the mechanical performance of polymeric materials. In these composite systems, the filler–matrix, filler–filler, and matrix–matrix interactions are critical factors that govern the mechanical properties of the composites. Inspired by the idea of combining these three interactions, we design a novel composite system of reducing an end-modified CNC-enhanced thermoplastic elastomer [styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer (SBS)] with click reaction and bulk cross-linking. The strong linkage between the nanocrystals and SBS (filler–matrix) is first achieved by the thiol–ene click reaction induced by UV irradiation in the liquid compounding process, accompanied by the preservation of surface hydroxyl groups on nanocrystals and therefore the formation of a stable percolation network (filler–filler). The matrix–matrix network is further constructed in the composite by chemical self-cross-linking of bulk SBS with a post-irradiation treatment during molding process. Benefiting from these three strong interactions, a remarkable improvement in mechanical performance is accomplished for the fabricated composite, exhibiting simultaneous increases in strength (239%), modulus (411%), work of fracture (330%), and elongation at break (7%) in comparison with those for the pure SBS material. Finally, the percolation, Halpin–Kardos, and double-network models with three interactions are applied to compare the theoretical and experimental data for mechanical properties and further discuss the enhancing mechanism for the composites.

The machinability of 0.2% Sn free-cutting steel produced by vacuum melting and hot shaping under pressure using the method of hammer forging has been studied. The distribution of elements (Sn, S, Mn) in the steel has been investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). It has been established that the doping with tin appreciably increases the machinability index of the free-cutting steel to kv= 1.72. The effect of S and Mn segregation with the formation of manganese sulfide MnS precipitates has been revealed. Tin in the form of fine particles is uniformly distributed in crystalline grains and along their boundaries and segregates on MnS particles. In the process of cutting, low-melting tin particles are melted to initiate the Rehbinder effect (liquid-metal embrittlement), thus embrittling the steel. Moreover, tin has a lubricating effect at the point of contact between the cutter and the machined surface. All these effects improve the machinability of tin-bearing free-cutting steel.

Curcumin is a polyphenol compound that presents an anti-colitis effect. However, oral curcumin exhibits limited in vivo biological efficacy, which may be solved by the use of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) that show remarkable abilities: bioactive compounds delivery, high chemical stability and loading capacity, as well as controlled release, etc. The objective of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of curcumin-loaded HIPEs using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis C57BL/6J mice model. After 30 mg/ml DSS treatment, all mice exhibited weight loss and shortening of colon tissues to different extents. Compared to the DSS group, the disease activity index and weight loss were considerably suppressed in the curcumin-loaded corn oil and curcumin-loaded HIPEs groups. These groups also exhibited reduced colonic crypt damage, mucosal inflammation and cellular infiltration in the histopathological sections of the colon. Dietary curcumin-loaded HIPEs inhibited the inflammatory response via reducing the contents of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and increasing the content of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) significantly. And the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highly reduced and increased, respectively. These findings provide insights into expanding the utilization of curcumin and HIPEs in food systems for the treatment of colon inflammation and related diseases.

Owing to the requirement for environmental protection, water-based coatings have become a significant trend in the development of coatings. The water-based epoxy curing agent has also become a hot research topic. In this study, a B-A-B epoxy compound with a long hydrophobic alkyl chain connected to the intermediate nitrogen atom was synthesized at both ends of a molecule using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline as raw materials. Subsequently, the epoxy compound was sealed with triethylenetetramine. A nonionic, water-based epoxy resin curing agent with amino groups at both ends of the molecule was prepared. The target product structure was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), Mass spectrum (MS), and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Additionally, through three factors and three levels of orthogonal experimental design, the optimum experimental conditions were confirmed, the optimum yield was 82.83%. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the monomer exhibited a significant weight loss in the temperature range of 320–450°C. The pencil hardness, flexibility, and impact resistance of the waterborne epoxy resin coating film prepared by the non-ionic water-based epoxy curing agent reached or exceeded those of similar products at China and foreign countries.

Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μol/L GA3treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.

As having experienced multi‐stage tectonic magmatic activity, the structure of the lithosphere in the east part of South China is very complicated and the distribution of magma has obvious regularity. In order to study the deep tectonic background of magmatic activity of the different blocks in the east part of South China, this paper made a series of qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the Ji'an‐Fuzhou magnetotelluric sounding profile data crossing the east part of South China. The subsurface dimensionality was analyzed by the Bahr phase decomposition, the geoelectric strike with different frequencies was obtained by the single‐site multifrequency Groom‐Bailey decomposition. Finally, the non‐linear conjugate gradients (NLCG) was used to calculate the 2D resistivity structure in our research area. The electrical structure model shows that there are significant differences between the two blocks‐Wuyi uplift belt and Southeast coastal fold belt. It can be vertically divided into four electrical layers of the high resistivity layer in upper crust, the low resistivity layer in mid‐lower crust, the sub‐high resistivity layer in the lithosphere mantle, the low resistivity in the asthenosphere. In the upper crust, the high resistivity layer of more than 10000 Ωm indicates the distribution of granite whose bottom interface is about 15∼20 km deep. In the mid‐lower crust, the high‐conductivity layer in the Wuyi uplift belt is thin and of small scale. It is associated with the thrust faults. However, in the Southeast coastal fold belt, the high‐conductivity layer is thicker and of larger scale. It is uplifted in a mushroom‐shape. The resistivity in lithosphere mantle gradually reduces from inland to coast. Due to the limited detecting depth, the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) doesn't show in the Wuyi uplift belt which indicates the depth of the LAB is more than 100 km. In the Southeast coastal fold belt, the thickness of the lithosphere is reduced to 60 km, and the asthenosphere has an uplift tendency. In the east part of South China, there are a series of discontinuous high‐conductivity layers of different scales in the crust. The scale and burial depth of the high‐conductivity layers are closely related to the deep tectonic environment and fault distribution. Combining with gravity and magnetic results, we discussed the formation mechanism of high‐conductivity layer. It is inferred that the high‐conductivity layer in the crust of the Southeast coastal fold belt is the result of partial melting by asthenosphere upwelling and basaltic magma underplating. While the high‐conductivity layer in the Wuyi uplift belt is the result of incomplete condensation of the magma chamber after crust material remelting in the early compression environment, and the continuous heating from the deep heat flow in an extensional environment. The lithosphere structure in the east part of South China has a marked zoning, and the high‐conductivity layers with different causes are widespread within the crust. It shows that the magmatic activities in different tectonic units in the east part of South China have different diagenetic tectonic background. In the Southeast coastal fold belt, the deep lithospheric thermal erosion is active, and the lithosphere structure and material are strongly remoulded. The asthenosphere upwelling and the basaltic magma underplating caused the thinning of lithosphere. In the Wuyi uplift belt, the tectonic features of the intra‐continental deformation pattern during the Indo‐early Yanshanian period are recorded clearly, while the late Mesozoic extension tectonics has transformed the lithosphere material to some degree.

X80 pipeline steels were employed to investigate the effects of two different welding processes (swing welding and row welding) on the quality of weld joints. The welding thermal cycles of multi-pass welding were tested and the microstructures of the two kinds of weld joints were studied by optical microscope. The hardness tests as well as low-temperature impact tests combined with fracture analysis with scanning electron microscope (SEM) were carried out to evaluate the properties of weld joints. The results showed that under the similar condition of heat input, the grain of swing welding joint is bigger than that of row welding. The joint of row welding has lower hardness and better toughness, suggesting that the process of row welding can improve the properties of weld metal. Consequently, though swing welding is simple in operation and good in production efficiency, row welding is better in terms of microstructure and properties of weld joints.

This paper reports a new colorimetric aptasensor for the detection of acetamiprid pesticides with high sensitivity and selectivity based on the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The aptasensor employs an S-18 aptamer as the target specific recognition molecule and the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of AuNPs as the signal transmission element. In the absence of acetamiprid, S-18 aptamer sequences can adsorb on the surface of AuNPs and enhance their negative charge density because of the attached negatively charged DNA backbone, which will inhibit the peroxidase catalytic activity of the AuNPs, thus inhibiting the oxidation of the substance 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). In the presence of acetamiprid, aptamer sequences can specifically bind with pesticide molecules to form an acetamiprid–aptamer complex which can interact with the AuNPs’ surface through the adsorption energy of the nucleobases. Thus, the surface active sites of the AuNPs are activated and their catalytic activity is enhanced greatly, which enables the AuNPs to catalyze the oxidation of ABTS to generate green oxidation products with a characteristic absorption peak at 735 nm. The color variation is relevant to the concentration of acetamiprid, which can be determined using a UV-Vis spectrometer or even by the naked eye. The present colorimetric aptasensor has a dynamic range of 10–160 μg L−1with a limit of detection as low as 1.02 μg L−1and high selectivity against other competitive pesticides. Moreover, the proposed aptasensor can accurately and efficiently screen out acetamiprid in representative actual samples that contain trace levels of pesticides, suggesting that it has more advantages than traditional methods for the detection of trace pesticide residues. Such an ultrasensitive aptasensor will play a prominent part in agricultural product and environmental detection.

An investigation of the decoupled thermal–hydraulic analysis of a separated heat pipe spent fuel pool passive cooling system (SFS) is essential for practical engineering applications. Based on the principles of thermal and mass balance, this study decoupled the heat transfer processes in the SFS. In accordance with the decoupling conditions, we modeled the spent fuel pool of the CAP1400 pressurized water reactor in Weihai and used computational fluid dynamics to explore the heat dissipation capacity of the SFS under different air temperatures and wind speeds. The results show that the air-cooled separated heat pipe radiator achieved optimal performance at an air temperature of 10 °C or wind speed of 8 m/s. Fitted equations for the equivalent thermal conductivity of the separated heat pipes with the wind speed and air temperature we obtained according to the thermal resistance network model. This study is instructive for the actual operation of an SFS.

Dry storage containers must be secured and reliable during long-term storage, and the effect of decay heat released from the internal spent fuel on the cask has become an important research topic. In this paper, a 3D computational fluid dynamics model is presented, and the accuracy of the calculation is verified, with computational errors of less than 6.2%. The thermal stress of the dry storage cask was estimated by coupling it with a transient temperature field. The total power remained constant and adjusting the power ratio of the inner and outer zones had a small effect on the stress results, with a maximum equivalent stress of approximately 5.2 kPa, which occurred at the lower edge of the shell. In the case of tilt, the temperature gradient varied in a wavy distribution, and the wave crest moved from right to left. Altering the tilt angle affects the air distribution in the annular gap, leading to the shell temperature being transformed, with a maximum equivalent stress of 202 MPa at the bottom of the shell. However, the equivalent stress in both cases was less than the yield stress (205 MPa).

Careless emission of nitric oxide (NO), primarily from the post-combustion flue gas of fossil fuel, has resulted in severe environmental pollution and posed significant health risks to human beings. In the meantime, NO is an important intermediate in manufacturing nitric acid and nitro chemicals, where the preparation of NO has contributed to great energy consumption. Therefore, establishing a green and low-cost denitrification method to achieve the efficient conversion of NO in flue gas to nitric acid and nitro chemicals is of great significance. For this purpose, the novel strategy that applies functionalized ionic liquids to converting ultralow-concentration NO in the presence of air and water under elevated pressure is proposed, which incorporates the positive influence of elevated pressure on absorption and conversion of NO, efficient chemisorption ability and good catalytic performance of functionalized ionic liquids, and the elimination effect of water for nitrogen dioxide. Based on this strategy, the high cleanup efficiency of 96.1% for 500 ppm of NO in the realistic flue gas is achieved by the functionalized ionic liquid containing 40% water at 30 °C and 1 MPa, and nitrogen oxides concentration of the exhaust gas is only 19.6 ppm (about 28 mg Nm–3) that meets the stringent regulation of cleanup emission of nitrogen oxides (lower than 50 mg Nm–3). In addition, the presence of 750 ppm of sulfur dioxide and 5–10% water, which may deactivate the absorbents and catalysts, does not suppress the denitrification performance of the ionic liquid. Finally, the cleanup efficiency of the ionic liquid for 500 ppm of NO maintains at about 96.2% during 5 cycles with no traces of decomposition products. We believe that this sustainable strategy will open new prospects for cleanup and circular utilization of NO in industrial flue gas.