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Aim High risk of burnout in healthcare workers has long been recognized. However, there are no methods to predict vulnerability to burnout. Methods We examined whether temperament and character are associated with burnout and depressive state in residents by using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The TCI was used for residents at the beginning of clinical training and then the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI–GS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administered at the beginning of clinical training and after four and ten months. Participants were 85 residents who started clinical training after graduating from the University of Miyazaki Hospital in April 2012 and 2013. Results After ten months, 23.5% of participants were newly identified with burnout using the MBI-GS and 15.3% of participants were newly diagnosed with depressive state using the SDS. We found that residents with high Cooperativeness were significantly more prone to burnout and that residents with high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness were significantly more prone to depressive states. Conclusions Our results suggest that the TCI can predict not only the risk for future depressive state but also the risk for future burnout. We feel it is important for the resident education system to identify residents with these temperament and character traits and to help high-risk residents avoid burnout and depressive state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction A previous study suggested that iris parameters may be related to temperament and because they are innate and are unchangeable over time. This longitudinal study examined the robustness of iris parameters, temperament characteristics (TC), and their relationship over a 1 year period. Methods A total of 70 healthy subjects who participated in the 2013 study were interviewed 1 year later. They were asked to complete the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and 6 iris parameters (iris density, pigment, nerve ring, toxic radii, pupil area ratio [PAR], and autonomic nerve wreath area ratio [ANWAR]) were calculated. Subsequently, intra- and inter-rater reliabilities and robustness of the iris parameters were examined using an intra-class coefficient (ICC), and the relationships between the iris parameters and TC scores in 2014 were compared with those recorded in 2013. Finally, decision tree modeling was conducted to examine which iris parameters were related to TC. Results The 6 iris parameters possessed excellent levels of reliability and robustness, ranging from 0.797 to 1.000 of ICCs. Among the 5 significant relationships between iris parameters wereTC scores, iris density and harm avoidance, pigment and reward dependence, ANWAR and persistence had the same significant relationships to those in 2013. Decision tree modeling showed that PAR, iris density, ANWAR, and toxic radii were related to individual TCs (classification accuracy: 77.5–88.9%). Conclusions Iris parameters and the relationships between iris parameters and TC are robust. Iris parameters may serve as a contributing factor to one’s TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: This study examined whether daily self-monitoring of weight and monthly interviews with a doctor improved eating habits and led to weight loss, and whether temperament and character traits affect weight change in persons with schizophrenia. Methods: Participants used Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern to monitor their weight daily. In addition, Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire was administered to evaluate eating-behavior awareness. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to assess participants’ temperament and character. Fifty patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group (n =25) filled in Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern every day; was interviewed monthly by a doctor about weight management; was weighed monthly. The non-intervention group (n =25) was only weighed monthly. Results: The body mass index (mean±standard error: 0.59±0.10kg/m2, p <0.001) of the intervention group decreased significantly while their scores on Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire significantly improved albeit marginally. Conversely, body mass index increased significantly (0.66±0.18kg/m2, p <0.001) in the non-intervention group, whose scores on Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire did not change significantly. Weight change and TCI scores were not correlated for the intervention group, but scores for “self-directedness” and weight gain in the non-intervention group had a marginally significant negative correlation (r =−0.33, p <0.10). Conclusion: Our results suggest that monitoring one's weight daily on Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern led to improvements in eating behavior and a decrease in BMI of patients with schizophrenia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Genome-wide association study was carried out on personality traits among bipolar patients as possible endophenotypes for gene discovery in bipolar disorder.The subscales of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) were used as quantitative phenotypes. The genotyping platform was the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array. The sample consisted of 944 individuals for TCI and 1007 for ZKPQ, all of European ancestry, diagnosed with bipolar disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria.Genome-wide significant association was found for two subscales of the TCI, rs10479334 with the ‘Social Acceptance versus Social Intolerance’ subscale (Bonferroni P=0.014) in an intergenic region, and rs9419788 with the ‘Spiritual Acceptance versus Rational Materialism’ subscale (Bonferroni P=0.036) in PLCE1 gene. Although genome-wide significance was not reached for ZKPQ scales, lowest P values pinpointed to genes, RXRG for Sensation Seeking, GRM7 and ITK for Neuroticism Anxiety, and SPTLC3 gene for Aggression Hostility.After correction for the 25 subscales in TCI and four scales plus two subscales in ZKPQ, phenotype-wide significance was not reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from epidemiological genetic studies suggest that variability in personality traits is explained, at least partly, by genetic factors. Recently, a growing number of molecular genetic studies have suggested the involvement of the serotonin system in specific traits.To investigate the association between three serotonergic polymorphisms [A-1438G (rs6311) of the HTR2A gene, and STin2 VNTR and 5-HTTLPR of the SLC6A4 gene] and personality traits assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory.Four hundred and four unrelated healthy volunteers [50% males, mean age (standard deviation)=40.5 (11.3)] from Asturias (northern Spain) were genotyped using standard methods. Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory was used for investigation of temperament and character traits.The genetic variants were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genotypic frequencies were similar in both the sexes. 5-HTTLPR was associated with a direct effect on self directedness (F=6.20, P=0.002), and interacting with educational level (F=3.10, P=0.016) and A-1438G (F=3.34, P=0.011) with respect to novelty seeking. STin2 VNTR interacted with age in relation to reward dependence (F=2.74, P=0.013) and with sex in relation to cooperation (F=5.10, P=0.007). In addition, SLC6A4 haplotypes had significant effects on harm avoidance (lower in volunteers with L12), self directedness (higher in volunteers with L12), and self transcendence (higher in volunteers with S10).Our findings suggest a strong genetic component in personality traits manifested primarily through interaction effects that occur between genetic factors alone and between genetic and demographic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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