1. Self-sustainable, self-healable sulfonated graphene oxide incorporated nafion/poly(vinyl alcohol) proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cell applications.
- Author
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Ng, Wei Wuen, Thiam, Hui San, Pang, Yean Ling, Lim, Yun Seng, Wong, Jianhui, and Saw, Lip Huat
- Subjects
DIRECT methanol fuel cells ,METHANOL as fuel ,POLYVINYL alcohol ,NAFION ,GRAPHENE oxide ,OPEN-circuit voltage ,PROTON conductivity - Abstract
Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, has been the standard membrane material for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) due to its proton-carrying capabilities, despite its shortcomings as a methanol barrier. To attain self-healing and methanol-blocking properties, the incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer into Nafion was pursued. However, this strategy resulted in low proton conductivity. Thus, acid functional groups were added to a secondary modifier to boost proton conductivity. In this work, sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) was assembled with Nafion and PVA through a simple freezing-thawing method to demonstrate a self-healable proton exchange membrane (PEM) without compromising the proton conductivity of Nafion. The synergistic effect of SGO in methanol-blocking and proton transport successfully strode over recast Nafion by hampering 33.2 % of methanol permeation and increasing 19.5 % of proton conductivity. As a result, the selectivity of the best hybrid PEM (N/PVA/SGO1.0) was increased by 1.8 times in comparison to recast Nafion. A single cell passive DMFC made using the novel hybrid membrane exhibited a power density of 6.07 mW cm
−2 at a current density of 26.48 mA cm−2 , and an open circuit voltage of 0.55 V at room temperature using 4 M methanol. This performance was essentially higher than that achieved by recast Nafion and commercial Nafion 117. The N/PVA/SGO1.0 hybrid membrane also showed remarkable self-healing properties, with 89 % recovery of methanol blocking function through reversible hydrogen bonding, illustrating its tremendous sustainable potential for use in DMFCs. [Display omitted] • Freeze-thaw process induces reversible physical crosslinking in N/PVA/SGO. • N/PVA/SGO achieves 28 % better DMFC performance than N117. • N/PVA/SGO demonstrates multiple times of self-healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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