Search

Squalene is a triterpenoid compound and widely used in various industries such as medicine and cosmetics due to its strong antioxidant and anticancer properties. The purpose of this study is to increase the accumulation of squalene in filamentous fungi using exogeneous butenafine hydrochloride, which is an inhibitor for squalene epoxidase. The detailed settings achieved that the filamentous fungi, Trichoderma virens PS1-7, produced squalene up to 429.93 ± 51.60 mg/L after culturing for 7 days in the medium consisting of potato infusion with glucose at pH 4.0, in the presence of 200 μm butenafine. On the other hand, no squalene accumulation was observed without butenafine. This result indicated that squalene was biosynthesized in the filamentous fungi PS1-7, which can be used as a novel source of squalene. In addition, we successfully obtained highly 13C-enriched squalene by using [U-13C6]-glucose as a carbon source replacing normal glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various seed treatment combinations comprising insecticide, fungicide, and a biocontrol agent along with foliar sprays of insecticides were evaluated for the management of leaf crinkle ( Urdbean leaf crinkle virus [ULCV]), yellow mosaic ( Mungbean yellow mosaic virus [MYMV]), and wet root rot (WRR; Rhizoctonia solani ) diseases of urdbean ( Vigna mungo ) under field conditions. Seed treatment with a combination of imidacloprid, carboxin + tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), and Pusa 5SD ( Trichoderma virens ) provided the highest seed germination (77.5%) and grain yield (953.3 kg/ha) with the lowest WRR (3.7%), mungbean yellow mosaic (MYM, 17.2%), urdbean leaf crinkle (ULC, 12.1%) diseases, and whitefly population (13.5–6.7 per plant). Among foliar sprays, the first spray of imidacloprid at 30 days after sowing (DAS) followed by the second spray of spinosad at 45 DAS showed less disease development (10.6% MYM and 7.5% ULC diseases) and whitefly populations (21.2–2.1 per plant) with the highest grain yield (1035.4 kg/ha). Among the interactions of seed treatment and foliar spray, a combination of seed treatment with imidacloprid, carboxin + TMTD, and Pusa 5SD ( T. virens ) and foliar sprays of imidacloprid and spinosad at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively, provided the lowest incidence of all three diseases (2.9% WRR, 7.0% yellow mosaic, and 4.2% leaf crinkle diseases) and whitefly populations (11.7–1.0 per plant) along with the highest grain yield (1258.6 kg/ha). Identical seed treatments may be combined with foliar sprays of dimethoate and spinosad at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively. These seed treatments and foliar sprays individually and in combinations reduced the whitefly populations responsible for the spread of the viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease control tactics that rely less on synthetic pesticides are needed that are consistently effective in soils that vary with regard to their biotic and abiotic components. An ethanol extract of Serratia marcescens N4-5, when applied as a cucumber seed treatment, effectively suppressed damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum in a natural sandy loam soil and a natural sand soil but not in a natural loam soil. A combination treatment containing seed treatment with this N4-5 ethanol extract and a drench containing Trichoderma virens GL21 improved disease control performance relative to individual application of both of the treatment components. Plant stand associated with this combination treatment was significantly greater than the no-treatment control in all three natural soils at all levels of pathogen inoculum used. In some cases plant stand associated with this combination treatment was significantly greater than that resulting from individual application of N4-5 ethanol extract or T. virens GL21. Data presented here indicate that strategic combinations of biologically based disease control tactics can increase consistency of performance in multiple soils that vary in biotic and abiotic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an attempt to isolate and optimize the fermentation conditions of three fungus, namely Trichoderma virens, Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata to get pigments for the purpose of textile dyeing. Highest optical density has been achieved in potato dextrose broth at 28°C in 25 days under static conditions. Wool and silk are dyed unmordanted with very good wash and rub fastness. Trichoderma virens has demonstrated antifungal property. There is no adverse effect on the tensile strength of the fabric and on the human skin. Paper and thin layer chromatography has revealed that the pigments are multi-component in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection Research is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection Research is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, and Meloidogyne incognita can cause severe economic losses to field- and greenhouse-grown cucumber. A collection of bacterial isolates and isolates GL3 and GL21 of Trichoderma virens were screened for suppression of diseases caused by these pathogens. T. virens isolates GL3 and GL21 provided the most effective suppression of damping-off caused by R. solani in greenhouse bioassays. Burkholderia ambifaria BC-F, B. cepacia BC-1, and Serratia marcescens N1-14 also provided significant suppression of R. solani relative to the pathogen check in some experiments. T. virens isolates GL3 and GL21 and S. marcescens isolates N1-6, N1-14, and N2-4 provided the most consistent and effective suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum in growth chamber experiments. No microbial treatment containing individual or combined microbes significantly suppressed populations of M. incognita on cucumber or improved plant vigor in greenhouse bioassays. T. virens GL21 applied as a granular formulation, in combination with B. cepacia BC-1 or B. ambifaria BC-F applied as a seed treatment, significantly improved suppression of damping-off caused by R. solani over individual applications of these microbes in at least one experiment. Treatments combining B. cepacia BC-1, B. ambifaria BC-F, or S. marcescens isolates N1-14 or N2-4 with T. virens GL21 in R. solani biocontrol assays always resulted in plant stands that were similar or greater than treatments containing individual applications of these microbes. B. ambifaria BC-F combined with T. virens GL21 in seed treatments resulted in significantly improved suppression of damping-off caused by P. ultimum in two of three experiments. Populations of T. virens GL3 and GL21 were both substantially reduced after coincubation with B. cepacia BC-1, or S. marcescens isolates N1-14 or N2-4 for 10 to 12 d in cucumber rhizospheres. Populations of T. virens GL21 were slightly reduced after coincubation with B. ambifaria BC-F. Results presented here substantiate other studies reporting enhanced biocontrol performance with certain combinations of biocontrol agents. These results also indicate that antagonism among combinations of biocontrol agents can vary with the assay system employed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]