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The global COVID-19 pandemic produced several changes in nearly every aspect of our lives. Ride-sharing platforms such as Uber and Lyft must adapt their strategies and aims to stay afloat. The analysis in this study is based on 216,120 tweets in the U.S. between January 1, 2019, and December 30, 2021, about Uber. It includes four separate analyses: Popularity and Usage Analytics, Sentimental Analytics, Voice Analytics, and Topic Mining Analytics. The result shows that usage and popularity of Uber on Twitter negatively affect Covid and death cases. In contrast, vaccination helps mitigate the shock of Covid. Additionally, ' 'Uber's policy and business model was beneficial in improving its positive image during the pandemic; On the early breakout of Covid in the U.S. Uber had a jump on the positive sentiment, mainly because Uber provided safer service than public transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper promotes critical realism as a suitable and fruitful philosophical foundation for the development and implementation of urban digital twins. The proliferation of a-theoretical digital twin research and practices, not declaring their philosophical positions, is threatening the scientific soundness of this new paradigm and offers little evidence for reflecting on the knowledge it produces. To address this issue, first, this paper uses focus group discussions to explore digital twin experts' perceptions of digital twin best practices for urban management and uncover the philosophical worldviews underlying these perceptions. A philosophical worldview is a general orientation about the world that is described in terms of ontological and epistemological assumptions and views on human nature. The inferred philosophical worldviews are then compared with critical realism principles, supporting the argument that critical realism provides a suitable philosophical foundation for digital twin practices in urban management envisaged by participating experts, as well as enhancing current forms of digital twin practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The society lives in a dynamic, complex and contradictory urban system, seeking to reach a balance between urban development and environmental preservation. For this purpose, there is a need to perform an efficient urban management integrated with the information and communication technologies. From this integration, emerges the smart cities concept, which is composed of smart governance strategies and actions. In this sense, the present article aims to understand and discuss the contributions, potentials and public values of the multipurpose territorial cadastre and the collaborative participation as tools for smart governance. In order to validate the theoretical essay, a case study was performed to analyze urban governance in the São Paulo metropolitan region, Brazil, according to the use of information and geoinformation resources applied to cities' management, pre- and post-pandemics. The results have shown that some practices of municipal governments have already been established aligned with the dimensions of smart governance. However, mainly, as for spatial activation in the use of geoinformation, as well as in the use of multipurpose territorial cadastre, it still has much to move forward and, therefore, to qualify with public value the strategies and actions of governance that a smart city requires. • Identify a new evolutionary wave, defined as 6th wave. • Demonstrate the importance of using geoinformation. • Generating public value. • Influence of technological innovations in multipurpose cadastre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive transformation of urban gardens is a significant element in the process of planetary urbanisation. This is driven by the constraints of a neoliberal political economy aimed at maximising the capitalistic utilisation of urban spaces. This study examines the conversion of urban gardens to paved or hard surface areas, a phenomenon described as "de-gardening". The study is conducted through a qualitative methodology that involves engagement with key stakeholders around Qasr al-Dasht Gardens in the city of Shiraz, Iran. The investigation traces the origins of these transformations to the 1960s, noting an acceleration in recent decades. The analysis identifies the pervasive influence of neoliberal urban planning and management discourse as a critical factor. This discourse redefines the value of garden spaces by escalating land costs and altering economic valuations by various social actors. Consequently, diverse social groups, ranging from traditional gardeners to modern urban developers, engage differently with these spaces. For traditional farmers, gardens are essential for livelihood, whereas for advocates of neoliberalism, these areas represent potential for investment, luxurious havens for peaceful and comfortable living, and capital accumulation. These conflicting views have led to extensive land use changes in Qasr al-Dasht Gardens. The study concludes by proposing policy measures and institutional frameworks aimed at preserving and enhancing urban gardens. Recommendations include the establishment of an independent municipal body dedicated to the gardens, forming non-governmental organisations and oversight groups, and reevaluating the "Organisation and Conservation Plan of the Qasr al-Dasht Gardens of Shiraz". • Neoliberal urban discourse maximizes profit from land use, frequently changing urban gardens for higher value. • Despite widespread neoliberal adoption, local resistances emphasize of the gardens use value over exchange value. • Urban gardens have long been contested between formal and informal forces, like in Shiraz's Qasr Al-Dasht gardens. • Over five decades, managerial and political roles have driven land use changes in Qasr Al-Dasht Gardens, Shiraz. • Lack of cohesive plans and confrontations has enabled legal and illegal land use changes in Qasr Al-Dasht gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Socio-political contexts significantly influence people's perception of CESs. • People can perceive CESs through indirect interactions with ecosystems. • The impact of COVID on public perception of CESs provided by urban park persists. Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are not only affected by ecological factors, but also by non-ecological factors such as demographic and socio-political factors. Especially for CESs in urban ecosystems, it is necessary to study how the people's perception of CESs change during the changes in social contexts and urban management. The COVID-19 outbreak caused dramatic changes for human society. In this study, we evaluated people's perceptions of CESs provided by an urban park of Shanghai in four phases of the pre-, during and post-COVID period. It is found that aesthetic, historical and recreational values are perceived in the four phases, but the distribution of people's perceptions for CESs varied considerably, influenced by the socio-political contexts. Besides, we emphasized the importance of focusing on the CESs perceived during the prohibited use, as this is a rare period when people were separated from the park and can only perceive CESs indirectly. People's perception of CESs through indirect interactions with ecosystems has received little attention in previous research, but it should be valued by mangers to respond the issues of CESs equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban Green infrastructure (UGI) is strategic for developing sustainable cities to tackle tomorrow's challenges. The configuration of UGI influences the type and quality of ecosystem services provided to citizens and the efforts to have it well-maintained to guarantee its services. Under this premise, for developing UGI at all levels of city planning, it is crucial to understand how different factors like land use (LU) or ownership sectors (private, public) shape greenspaces' distribution and configuration. This analysis should account for structure as well as responsibilities. This study characterizes the UGI of Frankfurt am Main (Germany) by LU and land ownwership sectors using a detailed vegetation cover distinguishing between nominal height strata (grass, bush, tree). The UGI characterization was based on three landscape metrics: vegetation fraction, patch area and number of patches. The LUs' characterization 1) reveals distinctive vegetation structure between the LUs, 2) allows identifying green spatial arrangements with possibilities to enhance its ecosystem services (e.g. connected domestic gardens), and 3) highlights trees as the dominant vegetation strata. The ownership indicates that: 1) private sector constitutes a high percentage of the urban vegetation cover (40 %), 2) LUs are mainly associated to single ownership sector and 3) there are differences in the vegetation percentages between the private and public sectors for same LUs. These findings support discussing ecosystem services, maintenance efforts, target groups and planning opportunities. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of an integral analysis, considering both function and ownership, for several aspects of urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletim de Geografia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Typical traffic modeling approaches, such as network-based methods and simulation models, have been shown inadequate for urban-scale studies due to the fidelity issue of models. As a go-around, data-driven models have received increasing attention recently. However, most data-driven methods have been restricted by their data source and cannot be scaled up to manage urban- and regional-scale studies. Regarding this issue, this research proposes a pipeline that collects traffic data from online map vendors to bypass data limitations for large-scale studies. The study consists of two experiments: 1) recognizing the dominant traffic patterns of cities and 2) site-specific predictions of typical traffic or the most probable locations of patterns of interests. The experiments were conducted on 32 Swiss cities using traffic data that were collected for a two-month period. The results show that dominant patterns can be extracted from the temporal traffic data, and similar patterns exist not only in various parts of a city but also in different cities. Moreover, the results reveal that a country-level lockdown decreased traffic congestions in regional highways but increased those connections near the city centers and the country borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing a review of theoretical and empirical studies with a specific coverage on Europe, this paper focuses on the concept of 'metropolitan resilience' in light of public governance and regional planning, making some distinctions with the more general notion of 'urban resilience'. While discussing different approaches to 'engineering resilience' and 'evolutionary resilience' characteristic of transitioning urban systems, conceptual differences between the issues of 'specific' and 'generic' resilience in metropolitan regions were outlined, distinguishing central cities from suburban locations and larger regions surrounding urban cores. Integrating multi-disciplinary frameworks to resilience science allows formulation of shared definitions and homogeneous frameworks evaluating resilience in different socioeconomic contexts at both local and regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is aimed at understanding different level of pollution of the river water in two municipalities in Malaysia as a result of spatial development activities. Both municipalities represent the central and southern zones of Peninsular Malaysia which are prone to river water quality problems due to logging, land clearing and livestock farming. Frequency and trend analysis are applied to the data obtained from the Department of Environment (DOE) and measurement of the water quality in the field is conducted in both areas. The results show that the rivers in both municipalities are experiencing deterioration of water quality. The decline in the river water quality is closely related to human activities and the ineffective environmental management system by the government. The apparent environmental problems indicate that the present management system should be improved to create an urban ecosystem which is really capable of addressing the issues of river water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to cope with the challenges posed by the 2022 Winter Olympics to Beijing's urban management and implement the strategic positioning of Beijing's city, this paper sets to analyze the new challenges posed by 2022 Winter Olympics to Beijing's urban management with literature review, and the coupling relationship between 2022 Winter Olympics and the Beijing Master Plan (2016-2035) (hereinafter referred to as the new Master Plan) based on the coupling theory. It is considered that the positive coupling relationship between Winter Olympics 2022 and the new master plan includes conceptual coupling, temporal coupling, spatial coupling and host (guest) body coupling. Based on the above coupling relations, this paper puts forward the optimization strategies of Beijing urban management: fusing the new concept into Beijing urban management concept; take Winter Olympics 2022 as an opportunity to promote Beijing's urban construction; take ice and snow resources as a link to further promote the integration of urban and rural areas in Beijing and the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei; with good governance as the goal, Beijing's urban management should be promoted to urban governance. The main purpose is to provide practical enlightenment for the realization of the win-win relationship between 2022 Winter Olympics and the implementation of the strategic positioning of Beijing city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We purpose a composite indicator to track urban dynamic in Porto, Portugal. • It uses data from traffic, public transport, air quality and soft mobility. • It was computed using factor analysis and explain 34% of the variance in the data. • The indicator can support policymakers in tracking the pulse of the city. • The methodology developed can be applied in other cities around the world. Cities that prioritize sustainability leverage data from daily urban activities to make informed decisions. Research has shown the effectiveness of indicators regarding traffic, public transport, shared mobility, and air quality data to manage and monitor urban systems. However, there has been limited effort to develop composite indicators that represent multiple phenomena in a single metric. We propose a high-resolution spatiotemporal indicator to measure urban dynamic (UDI). We collected hourly data on traffic, public transport usage, e-scooter trips, and air quality in Porto, Portugal. Factor analysis was applied to extract the composite indicator and provide a holistic view of the city's dynamic. Results revealed higher dynamic in the northwest and southwest areas in the Aldoar, as well as in some areas in Cedofeita and Bonfim parishes. The UDI showed higher values on business days than on weekends, the afternoon period displayed the highest dynamic, while traffic flow was the variable with the highest impact. Using mobile phone location data, we evaluated the UDI's values, demonstrating its ability to support data-driven decision-making and inform interventions by city planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change-induced quality and quantity deterioration has been emerging throughout the globe. Rising temperatures, and fluctuating rainfall patterns are alarming signs of climate change. Urbanization and industrialization under the influence of climate change have severely affected our resources. Deficiencies in management, quality and distribution network of sector I-8 Islamabad, Pakistan, were investigated. Based on the GIS mapping, appropriate locations for the installation of smart meters have been identified accompanied by awareness-raising activities and assessment of quality of supply network through standard methods. The idea of billing as per use rather than flat rates and metering was supported by 73% through survey. Bottled for drinking purpose was used by 54.9% while 86% people were using public supply for other purposes showing mistrust of people on public supply. Similarly, quality analysis showed that all the samples analyzed (n = 23) were safe chemically but 57% samples (n = 13) found contaminated microbiologically. This study is important for the policy makers to resolve the governance issues in the study area and GIS mapping can be applied on all types of supply networks around the globe. [Display omitted] • A smart approach by using Geographical Information System had been applied for the mapping of public supply. • The monitoring of supply distribution network for quality analysis. • Smart water metering is an ideal solution for monitoring as 73%supported the ideas during survey. • This model study can help the policy makers in implementing the idea of metering and pricing in Islamabad and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Urban resilience improves through the knowledge and experiences of managers active in crisis management. • Laws, infrastructures and education increase resilience in today's cities. • Warning systems reduce damages from natural disasters by protecting natural resources. Resilience is a concept that has always been combined with urban sciences subjects by urban planners and has led to the creation of several theories related to urban resilience. Despite urban resilience being studied in different dimensions, its emergence in urban management as a practical step has been less attention. In this regard, this research has investigated resilience in urban management, and to achieve this goal, it has simultaneously considered the entire urban system from different aspects. What can be distinguished is considering the urban managers' and experts' perspectives who are active in crisis management. In this study, indicators framework were selected based on the reports of the UN Habitat and the Rockefeller Foundation and Arup. Also, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach has been used due to the complexity of the relationships between the factors. The output of this study can be used for cities with the same management structure and increase the awareness of urban planners and local managers to identify weaknesses and strengths in the direction of greater resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of urban development and sprawl patterns is essential for integrative urban planning and regional sustainability. However, classical frameworks often do not provide adequate synthetic information about temporal urban development and spatiotemporal sprawl dynamics because the individual processes are treated separately. This paper provides a multi-order urban development (MUD) model for urban development characterization along with a framework for quantifying the relationships of certain urban development indicators and sprawl patterns using Hoeffding’s independence and Spearman’s rank-order correlation at multiple (national, regional, provincial, inland/non and local metropolitan) levels. A case study in major cities across China during 2000–2010 indicates that the MUD model is able to quantify the spatial variations in urban development across multiple temporal periods, and the relationships between urban development and sprawl patterns are discussed for the different levels. The provided method, framework, and findings from this study can potentially benefit integrative urban planning in China and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ambiente & Sociedade is the property of Nepam Unicamp and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ambiente & Sociedade is the property of Nepam Unicamp and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change is modifying the spatiotemporal patterns of global precipitation events, temperatures, and winds, therefore, after extreme events, improving emergency responses in urban areas is key to saving its inhabitants. In Southern America, the number of extreme events is increasing. This is the case of Soledad, the municipality in Colombia where most of the catastrophic wind phenomena take place. To date, no studies have been conducted to quantify the impacts and effects of the urban cyclonic wind phenomena on society and the urban built environment. This lack of information and dissemination means that the population is not informed of the magnitude of the problem. This research aims to generate a risk map of atmospheric wind phenomena to evaluate their impacts and establish spatial-temporal correlations based on meteorological data from the last 20 years. Moreover, the online press has been used to identify the location of these phenomena and their negative impacts over time. For each event, the following indicators have been studied: (1) location of the atmospheric wind events; (2) occurrence rate; (3) impact of the events discriminated by fatalities, injuries, and affected houses. The results show that in 20 years, a total of 34 urban cyclonic wind events were reported. Those occurrences have impacted 60 neighbourhoods, leaving 7 deaths, 14,552 injured, and 5180 affected homes. These findings show the magnitude of the problem and the need to inform the population to improve emergency responses. We conclude that effective consideration of the resulting map will be crucial in the processes of decision-making related to territorial planning in Soledad, but also in other Southern American cities. • Risk map of atmospheric wind phenomena and their spatial-temporal correlations. • In 20 years, 34 urban cyclonic wind events: 14,552 injured, 5180 affected homes. • The resulting map will be crucial in the processes of territorial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Urban tree inventories were used to assess growth and failure rates. • The highest growth rates were estimated in trees planted in gardens and for the exotics Celtis australis and Ulmus parvifolia. • During early establishment, vandalism and health decline were the main causes of tree failure. • Long-term monitoring recording tree size, health and management actions are necessary to assess growth and failure rates. The delivery of services and benefits provided by urban forests is threatened by tree limited growth, decline and mortality. Determining drivers of tree decline and mortality is challenging but essential in urban forestry planning to reduce environmental and socio-economic losses associated with tree failures. Urban tree inventories (UTI) are essential for managing and monitoring urban forests, which can help to identify successes (i.e., good tree growth/health) and failures (i.e., removals/dead trees). However, UTI are rarely implemented to assess urban tree growth and failure rates. Here, we used UTI from two Australian cities to demonstrate how these inventories can aid in (1) assessing species' relative growth rates and (2) identifying species failures and their determinant. We found UTI are useful to assess tree growth and failures. However, they require recording trees at the time of planting, long-term monitoring (e.g., recording tree size, health), and incorporating management actions (e.g., irrigation, pruning, removals) to inform species performance and improve urban planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that human vulnerability to flood hazards in urban slums in developing countries is greatly affected by the positioning and activities of their city governments. As a result, the paper explores the central role of city authorities in the production of flood vulnerability in selected informal settlements in Accra, Ghana. Using a case study research design, the study draws on multiple qualitative methods to gather evidence including: document review, focus group discussions, flood victims’ interviews, institutional consultation and field observation. The paper reveals two main positions of state and city authorities in Accra’s perennial floods: first, being present and complicit in informal urbanization through their involvement in the politics of land management in flood prone zones; and second, being absent through their inaction in informal growth in flood-risk areas. To each of these positions of the urban state, there are emerging responses from residents and other non-state actors operating within and outside these informal communities. The paper proposes a re-examination of the current structure and processes of urban governance, state-community engagements and urban citizenship in informal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the coordinated relationship between the marine economy and urban resilience can help improve urban resilience and the quality of the marine economy. Based on panel data from 2010 to 2019 in 20 major coastal cities in China, we adopted the entropy method, coupling harmonious degree model, and Theil index to measure and calculate the interval index differences in the marine economic quality and urban resilience level. Coordination between the marine economy and urban resilience was also calculated. First, we found that the quality level of the marine economy climbed in waves, forming a spatial distribution pattern that was highest in the Circum–Bohai Sea Region, followed by the Yangtze River Delta Region and the Pearl River Delta Region, and lowest in the Urban Agglomeration in the West Coast, and the gap between regions gradually narrowed. Second, the level of urban resilience gradually increased, and the regional differences varied greatly among cities, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern that was high in the center and low in the surrounding area. Third, the coordination between the marine economy and urban resilience steadily increased, forming a spatial distribution pattern that was high in the Circum–Bohai Sea Region and Yangtze River Delta Region, and low in the Pearl River Delta Region and Urban Agglomeration in the West Coast. Fourth, the coordination gap between the regional and intra-regional marine economy and urban resilience was reduced, and the coordination between regional marine economy and urban resilience changed from two-level differentiation to diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban tree inventories are useful tools to assess the environmental and socio-economic services provided by urban forests. These inventories enable the evaluation of the climate change risk to urban forests, and governments rely on such inventories for urban planning and management. Here, we assessed the future climate risk of Australia and the state of urban tree inventories across 116 local government areas (LGAs), representing 21 % of the country's LGAs and encompassing 55 % of the national human population. We evaluated projected changes in temperature and precipitation by 2050 for each LGA and conducted a survey to obtain information on the extent and types of data available in existing urban tree inventories. Additionally, we compiled demographic, socio-economic, and geographical data for all LGAs to explore correlates with tree inventory status. Temperature increases in 2050 were predicted in all LGAs, with higher latitude and smaller LGAs identified to undergo greater increases in temperature compared to larger and lower latitude LGAs. Decreases in seasonal precipitation were predicted for 97 LGAs. Seventy-six (66 %) of surveyed LGAs had urban tree inventories, which most commonly included trees along streets and in parks. Sixty-one LGAs record information on tree mortality, while 31 LGAs dynamically update their inventories. The presence of an inventory and the area it covered were positively associated with human population density. More than 30 years ago, in 1988, John Gray wrote that "insufficient statistics were available in Australia to provide an accurate picture of the urban forest estate". Our research shows there has not been a significant advance in the adoption and use of urban forest inventories over the past three decades. Long-term, dynamically updated inventories are crucial for urban forest management to inform planting choices to support sustainable and resilient cities. • Urban tree inventories are useful tools to assess the environmental and socio-economic services provided by urban forests. • We used a survey to assess the state of urban tree inventories in Australian cities. • Of 116 local government areas (LGAs) in Australia, 76 (66 %) had urban tree inventories. • Species name, location and plating date are the most common attributes collected after tree establishment. • By 2050, temperature increases were predicted in all 116 LGAs and decreases in precipitation were predicted in 97 LGAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new two-step clustering approach integrating 2-D built-up and 3-D technomass. • Reveals the urbanity, rurality, and hybridity along the urban-rural gradient. • Integrating vertical dimension better captures the urbanization gradient. • A two-level grid-township spatial hierarchy supports decision-making and urban management. An urban-rural gradient is an effective tool for analyzing urbanization patterns and their impacts on social-ecological systems. However, the prevailing single indicators rarely combine vertical (3-D) spatial structures to depict complex urbanization patterns along the urban-rural gradient from multiple scales. We developed an approach that integrates a two-step clustering analysis based on a grid-township spatial hierarchy. We first integrated built-up (2-D) and technomass (3-D) clustering at the grid scale, which was further aggregated into the township scale. We then quantified and compared the urbanization pattern and its spatial distribution along the urban-rural gradient in Beijing, as an example. We found that at the grid scale, adding the vertical information, technomass, can substantially improve the mapping of spatial heterogeneity of urbanization in urban core areas compared with using 2-D built-up information alone. At the township scale, the aggregation clearly shows three urbanization patterns: urbanity, rurality, and hybrid, and their four types of spatial distribution. Considering the traditionally used landscape indicators such as percent cover of forest, and arable land helped identify the hybrid urbanization patterns in suburbs. Therefore, urbanization along the urban-rural gradient can be characterized as continuous and hybrid. Such findings can enhance our understanding on the spatial pattern of urbanization along an urban-rural gradient, and provide insights for urban planning and resource management insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instruments used in urban development and planning follow the achievement of a strong public administration, local or national, always with viable solutions serving the community it represents, having at the same time, a legislation to support its efforts and to offer the possibility of harmonious urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban trees provide multiple benefits in the form of services to citizens, and urban forests are generally managed in order to maximize those benefits. However, urban environments feature harsh growing conditions for trees, and rapid climate change is now compounding existing stresses. In some cases, the habitat range of tree species is expected to shrink or to shift. To alleviate tree maladaptation and sustain the provision of services, urban foresters could resort to assisted migration (also known as assisted colonization). Assisted migration is an adaptation strategy where species are deliberately relocated out of their historical range in anticipation of future climatic change. The ecological risks and uncertainties it entails, as well as the value-laden dimensions involved in this strategy, have altogether made it a highly debated issue. In order to know if assisted migration is being considered as a management strategy, and to facilitate future policy and decision making, we conducted in-depth interviews with 18 urban foresters from southern Ontario about their practices and perspectives towards assisted migration. We found that although they are generally favourable to a constrained implementation of assisted migration, it is not part of their ongoing management strategies. Opinions are divided on the current need for assisted migration as well as the prevalence of the risks and uncertainties involved. However, respondents agree that trials and experiments need to be undertaken, along with tree inventories and monitoring, but so far efforts are few and scattered across municipalities and actors. Implementing assisted migration will require community involvement, knowledge sharing, leadership from higher levels of government, and coordinated efforts at multiple scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data mining techniques are useful tools for knowledge extraction in large databases. They are successfully applied in disciplines such as urban management and geography. The use of these techniques is suitable for the study of complex urban dynamics of post-industrial cities. The objective of this research is to empirically apply data mining techniques as a tool for metropolitan management. This paper presents a methodology developed to elucidate the dynamics of urban growth and its relationship with socioeconomic patterns in the Bogotá-Sabana region of Colombia. To analyze the evolution of growth in two time frames, various techniques are applied, including correlation, clustering, regionalization, and others. The results enable interesting patterns to be identified in urban development. A key aspect of these patterns is the high level of segregation and inequity that is apparent in the case study. Finally, the application opportunities of these tools in urban management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]