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Abstract: Solar power is one of the most sustainable cleaner options for energy generation in remote rural locations. Standalone solar power systems will have a significant impact in the future due to their independence from the conventional electric grid. In a standalone photovoltaic power system, the microinverter is one of the crucial sub-systems. In addition to the thermal stress created by the electronic components, the microinverters are exposed to severe outdoor environments with solar panels and, therefore, more prone to failure. This study aims to implement passive radiative cooling techniques to reduce the microinverter’s temperature and improve reliability. This study also presents the scope for improving the performance of a standalone solar power system using bifacial solar panels. The COMSOL Multiphysics model of a microinverter is developed to evaluate its temperature based on the power losses and the mission profile with and without radiative cooling. Subsequently, the failure rate and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) are determined using the MIL-217 F manual. The results show that the radiative cooling coating can extend the microinverter’s lifetime by 4–6 years. Furthermore, the lifetime of the microinverter is slightly lower in the case of bifacial panels when compared to monofacial panels. Graphical abstract: Highlights:

The passive radiative cooling reduces the temperature of the microinverter by 20–30 K.

The radiative cooling increases the lifetime of the microinverter by 4–6 years.

The MTBF for the microinverter with a radiative cooling coating is higher than that for the microinverter without a radiative cooling coating. Discussion:

The integration of passive radiative cooling techniques in standalone solar power systems raises questions about scalability, practicality, challenges, and opportunities for widespread adoption.

Balancing efficiency gains with microinverter lifetime is crucial for achieving sustainable solar energy solutions, as bifacial solar panels present a trade-off between energy yield and system durability.

Solar power systems in remote rural areas raise policy and economic questions about equitable access, maintenance, and governmental support, necessitating adaptation of policy frameworks.

In typical software development practice, the risk assessment is not being done in an integrated manner along with the SDLC life cycle. Mostly, risk assessment is a reactive process carried out either during the deployment process or during the evaluation of software for business. Humans are involved in the risk assessment process which is time consuming, error prone and expensive. The risks identified is also not immediately reflected upon the various people in the software development value chain. This causes the churning rate to find or alleviate risks in the future. In typical SDLC, risks may be developed while coding and it may be evident and would takes different shape as different version of the software gets updated over a period of time. Security aspects of the software solution depends on the code which needs to be consistently tracked on a continuous basis to monitor changes and its related risks, without which vulnerabilities and weakness identification will be reactive. It is always essential to identify risks based on the experience from others that is where the use of risk assessment frameworks would be handy along with vulnerability and weakness database such as common weakness enumeration, common vulnerability enumeration and Exploit DB. In this paper, NLP is implemented using deep learning techniques. This paper addresses the need for automated risk assessments with the help of NLP to auto identify the risks on the analysis of weakness and vulnerabilities.

This brief proposes a single-stage dynamic voltage boosting five-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter topology with continuous input current. The proposed topology can overcome the conventional ANPC five-level inverter drawbacks, such as the requirement of high dc-link voltage and 50% utilization of dc-link capacitors. The proposed topology and its various modes of operation are detailed by highlighting the inductors’ charging and discharging periods. Further, the design calculations for sizing the passive components and grid-tied control schemes are discussed. A detailed comparison is presented to show the superiority of the proposed topology compared to other recent topologies. Experimental results from a 1.6 kVA laboratory prototype and simulation results using the MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented to confirm the feasibility of the proposed topology.

Purpose: This paper presents a contemporary direction on the reduction of vibration and acoustic noise in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) using Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) blank. Methods: Soft magnetic composite materials are composed of iron powder and resin. The particles are compacted, together with a lubricant and possibly a binder, at high pressure into a bulk material. Soft magnetic composite materials are characterized by three-dimensional isotropic ferromagnetic behaviour and very low eddy current loss. The competence of Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) material in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) on vibration related issues has been investigated through Finite Element Analysis and experimentation. Results: To analyze the magnetic, vibration, and acoustic noise characteristics two motor configurations, viz., M19-SRM (M19- Switched Reluctance Motor) and SMC–SRM (Soft Magnetic Composite - Switched Reluctance Motor) are considered. Conclusion: The efficacy of SMC–SRM (Soft Magnetic Composite - Switched Reluctance Motor) prototype in vibration mitigation has been validated.

In this paper, three phase four wire five level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI) based Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is implemented for reactive power control and neutral current elimination. Three dimensional Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (3D-SVPWM) control strategy is developed to control this 5-level NPC inverter. The behaviour of static synchronous compensator is analyzed and reactive power control is done using constant DC voltage. The objective of this compensating method is to provide balanced and sinusoidal source currents under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions and reactive power control. The 3D-SVPWM technique provides reduced harmonic content in output voltage and current, controlled source current, minimized common mode voltage and improved output voltage. In 3D-SVPWM, switching pulses are generated with non-redundant switching states, which lead to reduce the complexity in switching time calculation and computational time is less. The highlights of the paper includes the neutral current is reduced to 0.25A, source current harmonics is minimized and it provides balanced and sinusoidal source currents with help of STATCOM compensation. The simulation and experimental results demonstrates the sinusoidal and harmonics free source current and minimized neutral current for four wire five level NPCI based STATCOM.

Data publishing can infringe individual privacy. When there is a necessity to extract knowledge from data mining results, there should be a discipline followed by not disclosing individual information. There is an opportunity for the user to interpret specific individual information from data mining results and further misuse the interpreted results, resulting in infringement of privacy. Privacy preserving data publishing research attempts to guarantee accurate results yet preserves privacy of individual information. The proposed Secured Segmentation technique guarantees better accuracy (41.5) and privacy when dealing with record linkage and attribute linkage attacks. Secured Segmentation technique demonstrates K-anonymity to retain privacy when dealing with record linkage attacks. It also demonstrates L-diversity and t-closeness to retain privacy when dealing with attribute linkage attacks.

Stock market data is a time-series data in which stock value varies depends on time. Prediction of the stock market is an endeavor to assess the future value of a company’s stock rate which will increase the investor’s profit. The accurate prediction of stock market analysis is still a challenging task. The proposed system predicts stock price of any company mentioned by the user for the next few days. Using the predicted stock price and datasets collected from various sources regarding a certain equity, the overall sentiment of the stock is predicted. The prediction of stock price is done by regression and candlestick pattern detection. The proposed system generates signals on the candlestick graph which allows to predict market movement to a sufficient level of accuracy so that the user is able to judge whether a stock is a ‘Buy/Sell’ and whether to short the stock or go long by delivery. The prediction accuracy of the stock exchange has analyzed and improved to 85% using machine learning algorithms.

IMPORTANCE: Cohort studies report inconsistent associations between fish consumption, a major source of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Whether the associations vary between those with and those without vascular disease is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the associations of fish consumption with risk of CVD or of mortality differ between individuals with and individuals without vascular disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This pooled analysis of individual participant data involved 191 558 individuals from 4 cohort studies—147 645 individuals (139 827 without CVD and 7818 with CVD) from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study and 43 413 patients with vascular disease in 3 prospective studies from 40 countries. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by multilevel Cox regression separately within each study and then pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. This analysis was conducted from January to June 2020. EXPOSURES: Fish consumption was recorded using validated food frequency questionnaires. In 1 of the cohorts with vascular disease, a separate qualitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake of individual types of fish. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mortality and major CVD events (including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, or sudden death). RESULTS: Overall, 191 558 participants with a mean (SD) age of 54.1 (8.0) years (91 666 [47.9%] male) were included in the present analysis. During 9.1 years of follow-up in PURE, compared with little or no fish intake (≤50 g/mo), an intake of 350 g/wk or more was not associated with risk of major CVD (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86-1.04) or total mortality (HR, 0.96; 0.88-1.05). By contrast, in the 3 cohorts of patients with vascular disease, the HR for risk of major CVD (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96) and total mortality (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91) was lowest with intakes of at least 175 g/wk (or approximately 2 servings/wk) compared with 50 g/mo or lower, with no further apparent decrease in HR with consumption of 350 g/wk or higher. Fish with higher amounts of ω-3 fatty acids were strongly associated with a lower risk of CVD (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97 per 5-g increment of intake), whereas other fish were neutral (collected in 1 cohort of patients with vascular disease). The association between fish intake and each outcome varied by CVD status, with a lower risk found among patients with vascular disease but not in general populations (for major CVD, I2 = 82.6 [P = .02]; for death, I2 = 90.8 [P = .001]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Findings of this pooled analysis of 4 cohort studies indicated that a minimal fish intake of 175 g (approximately 2 servings) weekly is associated with lower risk of major CVD and mortality among patients with prior CVD but not in general populations. The consumption of fish (especially oily fish) should be evaluated in randomized trials of clinical outcomes among people with vascular disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Kerala a southern state in India aims to eliminate TB in the near future. In order to achieve its goal Kerala is providing various social support services to TB patients to ensure their smooth transition as they pass through the treatment cascade. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to qualitatively analyse the support systems provided for TB patients in Kerala and to assess the enablers and challenges faced during the provision of these services.

ABSTRACTIn view of the major power crisis in fast developing countries, we introduce a quadratic boost converter with coupled inductor for standalone photovoltaic (PV) application, and their respective voltage gain is derived. The features of this proposed topology are studied with the help of steady state analysis and its superiority is proved by comparing it with the existing coupled inductor based topologies. The reliability study is carried out for the proposed topology with its working condition. Also, simulation is performed in the NL5 simulator, and the results are presented. A 40 W prototype of the same is built to showcase the desired output of the proposed converter.

To our knowledge, no previous study has prospectively documented the incidence of common diseases and related mortality in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) with standardised approaches. Such information is key to developing global and context-specific health strategies. In our analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, we aimed to evaluate differences in the incidence of common diseases, related hospital admissions, and related mortality in a large contemporary cohort of adults from 21 HICs, MICs, and LICs across five continents by use of standardised approaches.

The Government of India has launched several schemes for rural electrification by enhancing the penetration of renewable energy resources. This paper aims toward a DC nanogrid for rural electrification in India. The DC nanogrid consists of a self-excited squirrel cage induction generator, PV panel, a battery storage for smooth and reliable operation, and compatible converters for voltage regulation and required conversion. The proposed DC nanogrid has been modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system maintains a constant 120 V DC at load terminal. The performance of WECS has been analyzed in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink, and the same has been validated using a prototype hardware developed in the laboratory.

Cloud computing is promising and considered next generation technology for computing. The current cloud storage auditing models require the client to update his secret keys in each time period which bring in local burdens to the client. The aim of the project is to make the key updates transpicuous to the client and present a new model for auditing cloud storage with provable outsourcing of updated keys. In this model, the key updates are sent to a third party auditor (TPA) who reduces the local burden on the client. In addition, the TPA will audit whether the files in cloud are stored correctly by a challenge-response protocol between the cloud and TPA at regular time. The proposed paradigm permits the client to authenticate the validity of the encrypted secret key produced by the TPA for uploading data to the cloud.

Moore's law states that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits has doubled approximately every two years; this is true for CMOS based VLSI circuit design. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) replaces CMOS based VLSI technology. The assembly of quantum dots replaces transistors which is said to be 'quantum-dot cellular automata', an emerging nanotechnology in the field of quantum electronics. Such type of circuit can be used in many digital applications and has an advantage of reduced area utilisation. Quantum mechanics and cellular automata are together said to be QCA. QCA technology has advantages like small size and high speed. CMOS technology uses transistors to create a logic gates but in QCA technology, logic gates and wires are created by using QCA cells. The basic logic gates like AND, OR, inverter, majority gates are implemented. Many combinational and sequential circuits are designed by using these basic gates. This paper aims at the design of finite state machines and its use in vending machine and traffic light controller were discussed. The circuit was designed and the functionality of those was verified using QCADesigner tool.

Towards automation to do mundane tasks and the expectations for students already equipped with good programming skills is on the rise. In parallel, there has been a rising number of students who find it difficult to attain the skills necessary in order to get the dream IT job they desire. The aim of this project is to bridge the gap between the employer and the future employee of the company by the use of SPAS at college level. Student performance analysis system (SPAS) is an online web application system which enables students to know prior hand if their level of skills for the placement is enough to get placed or not, given the necessary inputs. SPAS has an intelligent learning algorithm which utilises a rich database, analyses the records of previous students' traits and develops a model for further prediction. The performance evaluation of students by SPAS is by the cumulative predictor algorithm involving generation of several random forest trees on the available data. SPAS learns and creates its model reaching higher accuracy with increasing data availability.

CHN is genetically heterogeneous and its genetic basis is difficult to determine on features alone. CNTNAP1encodes CASPR, integral in the paranodal junction high molecular mass complex. Nineteen individuals with biallelic variants have been described in association with severe congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy, respiratory compromise, profound intellectual disability and death within the first year. We report 7 additional patients ascertained through exome sequencing. We identified 9 novel CNTNAP1variants in 6 families: three missense variants, four nonsense variants, one frameshift variant and one splice site variant. Significant polyhydramnios occurred in 6/7 pregnancies. Severe respiratory compromise was seen in 6/7 (tracheostomy in 5). A complex neurological phenotype was seen in all patients who had marked brain hypomyelination/demyelination and profound developmental delay. Additional neurological findings included cranial nerve compromise: orobulbar dysfunction in 5/7, facial nerve weakness in 4/7 and vocal cord paresis in 5/7. Dystonia occurred in 2/7 patients and limb contractures in 5/7. All had severe gastroesophageal reflux, and a gastrostomy was required in 5/7. In contrast to most previous reports, only one patient died in the first year of life. Protein modelling was performed for all detected CNTNAP1variants. We propose a genotype–phenotype correlation, whereby hypomorphic missense variants partially ameliorate the phenotype, prolonging survival. This study suggests that biallelic variants in CNTNAP1cause a distinct recognisable syndrome, which is not caused by other genes associated with CHN. Neonates presenting with this phenotype will benefit from early genetic definition to inform clinical management and enable essential genetic counselling for their families.

During the development stages of a software application or product there is a natural tendency to focus on the functional aspects rather than the architectural, security aspects. In the current age of changing dynamics in internet and mobility environments the risks in the areas of application being deployed and faces a critical security threat is very high. It's always better to prevent than react. With the advent of the technology and practices like continuous integration and develops are gaining importance it would be very meaningful for implementation of such framework as it would help in continuous risk assessment during the application development stages itself. This conference paper provides a novel framework through which can implement a continuous risk assessment approach on the software development projects for cloud-based scenarios.

The association between intake of fruits, vegetables, and legumes with cardiovascular disease and deaths has been investigated extensively in Europe, the USA, Japan, and China, but little or no data are available from the Middle East, South America, Africa, or south Asia.

The relationship between macronutrients and cardiovascular disease and mortality is controversial. Most available data are from European and North American populations where nutrition excess is more likely, so their applicability to other populations is unclear.

The relation between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular disease risk markers in many regions worldwide is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary nutrients on blood lipids and blood pressure, two of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries.

CdS thinfilms implanted using He+were studied using photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PTD) setup, using perpendicular pump-probe configuration. Samples were implanted with increasing ion energy so as to allow the ion to penetrate greater depths. An attempt for 2-dimensional imaging of implanted regions of different samples was carried out. Photothermal measurements were performed Samples were imaged for various modulation frequencies. Modulation frequency at 800 Hz revealed a maximum damaged layer, which corresponds approximately to the half the thickness.

ZnO and In2S3thin films useful for photovoltaic application were studied using Photothermal deflection (PTD) spectroscopy. Mobility of carriers obtained from PTD was found to be in good agreement with reported values. Thickness measurements were also carried out. It was found to be in good agreement with stylus method.

This study investigated the colour removal efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) by electrochemical oxidation. The influences of various operating variables such as current density (from 5 to 25 mA/cm2), initial concentration of dye solution (from 50 to 250 mg/L), initial pH of solution (3, 5, 7, 9), the stirrer speed (150–300 rpm) and the concentration of electrolytes (0.025–0.10 M NaCl) on removal efficiency were explored in a batch mode treatment to achieve a higher removal capacity. The results obtained with synthetic wastewater revealed that the most effective removal of dye could be achieved when the pH was kept neutral. The results showed that the colour removal increases with the increase in applied current density, NaCl concentration, while it was found to decrease with the increase in initial dye concentration. The complete (100%) colour removal has been achieved under the optimal experimental conditions such as NaCl concentration of 0.05 M, applied current density of 15 mA/cm2, initial pH 7.0, stirrer speed of 200 rpm  and electrolysis time of 40 min. The result of UV–vis spectrum analysis confirms the removal of colour from RhB aqueous solution at the short treatment time. In addition, the increase of current intensity, in the range of 0.6–2.0 A, enhanced the treatment rate. The method was found to be highly efficient and relatively fast compared to conventional treatment techniques.

AbstractThis study investigated the colour removal efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) by electrochemical oxidation. The influences of various operating variables such as current density (from 5 to 25 mA/cm2), initial concentration of dye solution (from 50 to 250 mg/L), initial pH of solution (3, 5, 7, 9), the stirrer speed (150–300 rpm) and the concentration of electrolytes (0.025–0.10 M NaCl) on removal efficiency were explored in a batch mode treatment to achieve a higher removal capacity. The results obtained with synthetic wastewater revealed that the most effective removal of dye could be achieved when the pH was kept neutral. The results showed that the colour removal increases with the increase in applied current density, NaCl concentration, while it was found to decrease with the increase in initial dye concentration. The complete (100%) colour removal has been achieved under the optimal experimental conditions such as NaCl concentration of 0.05 M, applied current density of 15 mA/cm2, initial pH 7.0, stirrer speed of 200 rpm  and electrolysis time of 40 min. The result of UV–vis spectrum analysis confirms the removal of colour from RhB aqueous solution at the short treatment time. In addition, the increase of current intensity, in the range of 0.6–2.0 A, enhanced the treatment rate. The method was found to be highly efficient and relatively fast compared to conventional treatment techniques.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the association of socioeconomic factors on use of cardioprotective medicines in known coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke in South Asia.Methods We enrolled 33,423 subjects aged 35–70 years (women 56%, rural 53%, low education 51%, low household wealth 25%) in 150 communities in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh during 2003–2009. Information regarding socioeconomic status, disease conditions and treatments was recorded. We studied influence of rural location, educational status and household wealth on use of drug therapies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results CHD was reported in 683 (2.0%), stroke 316 (0.9%), and CHD/stroke in 970 (2.9%). Median duration since diagnosis was four years. Participants with CHD/stroke were older with greater prevalence of smoking, overweight, hypertension and diabetes (p?