1. The effect of biogas ebullition on ammonia emissions from animal manure–processing lagoons
- Author
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Weaver, Kim H., Harper, Lowry A., De Visscher, Alex, and van Cleemput, Oswald
- Abstract
Various models have been developed to determine ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal manure–processing lagoons to enable relatively simple estimations of emissions. These models allow estimation of actual emissions without intensive field measurements or “one‐size‐fits‐all” emission factors. Two mechanisms for lagoon NH3emissions exist: (a) diffusive gas exchange from the water surface and (b) mass‐flow (bubble transport) from NH3contained within the ebullition gas bubble (as it rises to the surface) produced from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. The purpose of this research is to determine whether gas ebullition appreciably affects NH3emissions and therefore should be considered in emissions models. Specifically, NH3mass‐flow emissions were calculated and compared with calculated diffusive NH3emissions. Mass‐flow NH3emissions were evaluated based on a two‐film model, in connection with the acid dissociation constant of ammonium, to predict the degree of NH3gas saturation within the bubbles. Average daily ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, pH, and measured biological gas production (ebullition) in conjunction with literature values for Henry's law constant were used to calculate emissions from NH3saturation of ebullition gases. Ebullition enhancement of NH3surface emissions due to increased turbulence was estimated from average lagoon ebullition rates and literature values of turbulence enhancement. Ebullition enhancement of NH3surface emissions and ebullition mass‐flow NH3emissions was determined to be <10% and <0.052%, respectively, of total NH3emissions. Therefore, because ebullition effects are small, they may be neglected when developing process models to estimate NH3emissions from water surfaces of swine manure processing lagoons. Ammonia emissions models are used to estimate emissions from manure processing.Ebullition mass transport is insignificant compared with diffusion/turbulence emissions.Ebullition surface emission enhancement is less than the error of emission models.Biogas ebullition does not need to be included in ammonia emission models.
- Published
- 2022
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