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Given the deep interconnection between information and physical aspects of power systems, escalating cyber‐attacks pose significant threats to both grid information systems and electrical equipment. The context highlights the importance of risk perception and defense mechanisms in information and functional security for Power Monitoring System (PMS). To address this, we introduce an innovative ontology framework designed for comprehensive cyber‐physical security in PMS (OntoCPS4PMS). OntoCPS4PMS identifies risks from cross‐domain attacks and supports a collaborative defense strategy. It offers a multifaceted assessment method for PMS security events, considering vulnerabilities, cyber‐attack impacts, and physical domain risks. Through simulated PMS attack scenarios, we validate the framework's effectiveness in dynamic cyber‐physical security analysis. The results demonstrate OntoCPS4PMS's ability to trace attacks, locate affected equipment, and recommend mitigation measures, confirming its utility in enhancing PMS security and decision‐making.

The topological θ-angle is central to several gauge theories in condensed-matter and high-energy physics. For example, it is responsible for the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics and can emerge in effective theories of electrodynamics in topological insulators. Although analogue quantum simulators potentially offer a venue for realizing and controlling the θ-angle, doing so has hitherto remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we describe the experimental realization of a tunable topological θ-angle in a Bose–Hubbard gauge-theory quantum simulator, which was implemented through a tilted superlattice potential that induces an effective background electric field. We demonstrate the emerging physics through the direct observation of the confinement–deconfinement transition of (1 + 1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. Using an atomic-precision quantum gas microscope, we distinguish between the confined and deconfined phases by monitoring the real-time evolution of particle–antiparticle pairs. Our work provides a step forward in the realization of topological terms on modern quantum simulators.

In this paper, three types of impedance spectra were investigated, i.e., impedance spectra of two zinc powders (new and old) and five coatings (two different thicknesses of epoxy zinc-rich coatings (EZRCs), an ethyl silicate zinc-rich coating, an epoxy coating and an autodeposition coating) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, dry film impedance spectra of two coatings (the thicker EZRC and autodeposition coating) and their impedance spectra in a 0.003 M LiCl–methanol solution. The results show that the resistive part of the high-frequency impedance of the ZRCs at the early stage of immersion is the contact resistance (Rm) between the zinc powders, and the capacitive part is the parallel connection of the contact capacitance (Cm) and the film capacitance (Cc) of the binder. The coupling of the two capacitors results in a deviation of the measured Pmfrom the true Pm, where Pmis the Cm-dependent dispersion coefficient

Background: Energy harvesting from external vibration under ultralow frequency, ultralow amplitude and wide band excitation has received extensive attention in recent decades. A novel quasi-zero-stiffness energy harvester based on cantilever beam with surface constrains (QZS-EHSC) is proposed and its harvesting performance is analyzed in this study. Methods: The quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) characteristic can generate large-amplitude motions under low frequency excitation. The surface constraints are beneficial to broaden the frequency band and generate large strain even far away from the beam root, which can improve the harvesting efficiency. Considering the magnetic interaction between the magnet at the tip of a cantilever beam and two fixed magnets, it can realize a multi-stable structure. The static analysis reveals that the QZS-EHSC system can achieve multi-stable state by adjusting parameters, which is beneficial for energy harvesting. The experiments verified the advantage of QZS-EHSC on harvesting power. Results: The system can generate large-amplitude motions at ultralow frequency and ultralow amplitude excitation (0.2 Hz, 0.2 g) by selecting appropriate parameters. Under the same excitation, the frequency range of inter-well period-1 motions is about 1.50 times that of non-QZS-EHSC, greatly improving the harvesting efficiency. Discussion: QZS-EHSC is a feasible design for harvesting energy from ultralow frequency, ultralow amplitude and wide band excitation.

The effective strategy for enhancing the separation of photogenerated carriers is the construction of heterojunctions between photocatalysts. The metallic characteristics of CoCeOx, coupled with its extensive specific surface area, render it an ideal material for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen. Graphdiyne (GDY) has gained significant attention in the area of photocatalytic hydrogen production owing to its appropriate band gap and exceptional electrical conductivity. In this work, the Co element was introduced into CeO2and a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiment was carried out with graphdiyne. It is found that the heterojunction between photocatalytic materials changes from type-I to a Schottky type after the introduction of the Co element by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory. Simultaneously, the hydrogen evolution capacity of CoCeOx/graphdiyne has shown a significant enhancement while maintaining excellent stability. The Schottky junction formed at the interface of CoCeOxand graphdiyne further separates the photogenerated electrons from the holes and effectively reduces the photogenerated carrier recombination. This investigation establishes a theoretical foundation for the potential application of graphdiyne and cobalt–cerium-based catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen generation.

Increased glutamine metabolism by cancer cells via upregulation of the drug-targetable enzyme glutaminase may contribute to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting glutamine metabolism can not only suppress tumor growth, but also enhance tumor-specific immunity. We investigated the relationship between glutaminase expression, the immune tumor microenvironment, and clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer.

Alcohol use, while commonly associated with liver damage, also has significant neurologic implications, which often mimic hepatic encephalopathy and complicate diagnosis and management. Alcohol mediates its acute central nervous system effects by altering neurotransmitter balance, notably between gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate. Its chronic neurotoxicity, compounded by thiamine deficiency, results in chronic neurologic complications. Clinically, alcohol-related neurologic disorders present a spectrum from acute intoxication and withdrawal to chronic conditions like Korsakoff syndrome, dementia, cerebellar degeneration, and peripheral neuropathy. This review underscores differentiating these conditions from hepatic encephalopathy and highlights the importance of history-taking and physical examination in clinical practice.

The poor ambient ionic transport properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based SPEs can be greatly improved through filler introduction. Metal fluorides are effective in promoting the dissociation of lithium salts via the establishment of the Li–F bond. However, too strong Li–F interaction would impair the fast migration of lithium ions. Herein, magnesium aluminum fluoride (MAF) fillers are developed. Experimental and simulation results reveal that the Li–F bond strength could be readily altered by changing fluorine vacancy (VF) concentration in the MAF, and lithium salt anions can also be well immobilized, which realizes a balance between the dissociation degree of lithium salts and fast transport of lithium ions. Consequently, the Li symmetric cells cycle stably for more than 1400 h at 0.1 mA cm–2with a LiF/Li3N-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The SPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity (0.5 mS cm–1) and large lithium-ion transference number (0.4), as well as high mechanical strength owing to the hydrogen bonding between MAF and PEO. The corresponding Li//LiFePO4cells deliver a high discharge capacity of 160.1 mAh g–1at 1 C and excellent cycling stability with 100.2 mAh g–1retaining after 1000 cycles. The as-assembled pouch cells show excellent electrochemical stability even at rigorous conditions, demonstrating high safety and practicability.

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) models have attracted significant research attention due to their applicability and effectiveness in various real-world scenarios such as resource allocation in uncertain environments, online advertising, and dynamic pricing. As an important branch, the adversarial multi-armed bandit problems with delayed feedback have been proposed and studied by many researchers recently where a conceptual adversary strategically selects the reward distributions associated with each arm to challenge the learning algorithm and the agent experiences a bunch of delays in receiving the corresponding reward feedback from different users after taking an action on them. However, the existing models restrict the feedback to being generated from only one user, which makes models inapplicable to the prevailing scenarios of multiple users (e.g., ad recommendation for a group of users). In this paper, we consider that the delayed feedback results are from multiple users and are unrestricted on internal distribution while the feedback delay is arbitrary and unknown to the player in advance. Also, for different users in a round, the delays in feedback have no assumption of latent correlation. Thus, we formulate an adversarial multi-armed bandit problem with multi-user delayed feedback and design a modified EXP3 algorithm named MUD-EXP3, which makes a decision at each round by considering the importance-weighted estimator of the received feedback from different users. On the premise of known terminal round index $T$T, the number of users $M$M, the number of arms $N$N, and upper bound of delay $d_{max}$dmax, we prove a regret of $\mathcal {O}(\sqrt{TM^{2}\ln {N}(N\mathrm{e}+4d_{max})})$O(TM2lnN(Ne+4dmax)). Furthermore, for the more common case of unknown $T$T, an adaptive algorithm named AMUD-EXP3 is proposed with a sublinear regret concerning $T$T. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted to indicate the correctness and effectiveness of our algorithms in dynamic environments.

Excessive untreated waste tires (WT) have posed threats to the environment and human health. Pyrolysis-catalysis, as a promising treatment technology, could convert WT into high-valued products such as pyrolysis oil. Moreover, BTX compounds (Benzene, toluene, and xylene) were important raw materials in the chemical industry. In order to sharply increase the BTX selectivity in the pyrolytic oil, transition metals (Ni and Fe) were impregnated on the ZSM-5 catalyst. Furthermore, this paper also explored the effect of catalysis modes, catalysts-to-feedstock mass ratios, and catalysis temperatures on the distribution of the aromatics in the WT pyrolysis-catalysis oil. The results suggested that the optimal operating parameters for BTX compound production with a selectivity of 39.87% were in-situmode, catalysis temperature=600 °C, and catalyst-to-feedstock mass ratio=1:1 by applying Ni/ZSM-5. According to the GC-MS identification results, it proposed that the Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene and cracking and recombination of limonene in the aliphatic hydrocarbon pool were the main paths to generate the aromatics, while the addition of ethylene radicals in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (MAH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pools was dominant in the growth of the aromatics. The study provided a viable approach for upgrading WT to produce high-value aromatic products.

With the development of photocatalytic hydrogen production technology, the effective transport of photogenerated carrier electrons is still one of the main factors affecting the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, graphdiyne was prepared by ball milling method. The CoMo-MOF with polyhedral structure was introduced into graphdiyne to construct S-scheme heterojunction to promote the efficient transfer of photogenerated carriers and enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. Graphdiyne is a new carbon material with adjustable band gap, which is synthesized from the hybrid of spand sp2, and has excellent electrical conductivity. CoMo-MOF is a polyhedral structure that can provide more active sites and promote photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The weak point of poor conductivity in CoMo-MOF has been successfully improved by combining CoMo-MOF with graphdiyne, and the migration rate of photogenerated carriers has been accelerated. The hydrogen evolution property of graphdiyne/CoMo-MOF is 300 μmol, which is 19.61 times that of graphdiyne and 9.03 times that of CoMo-MOF. Therefore, the construction of S-scheme heterojunction provides a transport channel for electron transfer and improves the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation. This work provides a new train of thought of design to introduce MOFs materials into carbon materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

The photoactive nanocomposites TiO2/Sn4+ with various ratios of Sn4+ were prepared by a sol-gel method. Their morphology and crystal structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effect of various parameters such as amount of doped Sn4+ ions, catalyst loading, initial pollutant concentration, pH value, H2O2 concentration on photocatalytic degradation performance were analyzed and optimized. The optimal experimental conditions obtained through orthogonal experiments that highest value was obtained at 3%-Sn4+ doping amount, catalyst dosage 1.5 g/L, initial chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration 600 mg/L, initial ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N) concentration 50 mg/L, H2O2 3%, and pH = 8. The photocatalytic degradation rates of NH4+-N and COD reached 87.54% and 75.32%, respectively.

Hemin/G-quadruplex (hG4) complexes are frequently used as artificial peroxidase-like enzymatic systems (termed G4 DNAzymes) in many biosensing applications, in spite of a rather low efficiency, notably in terms of detection limits. To tackle this issue, we report herein a strategy in which hemin is chemically modified with the amino acids found in the active site of parent horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with the aim of recreating an environment conducive to high catalytic activity. When hemin is conjugated with a single arginine, it associates with G4 to create an arginine–hemin/G4 (R-hG4) DNAzyme that exhibits improved catalytic performances, characterized by kinetic analysis and DFT calculations. The practical relevance of this system was demonstrated with the implementation of biosensing assays enabling the chemiluminescent detection of G4-containing DNA and colorimetry detection of the flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) enzyme with a high efficiency and sensitivity. Our results thus provide a guide for future enzyme engineering campaigns to create ever more efficient peroxidase-mimicking DNA-based systems.

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na). A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this study. Within each litter, one normal birth weight (NBW) male piglet (1.53 ± 0.04 kg) and two IUGR male piglets (0.76 ± 0.06 kg) were chosen based on their birth weight. The piglets were divided into three groups for the study: NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet (NBW-C group), IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet (IUGR-C group), and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1% DMG-Na (IUGR-D group). At 150 d of age, all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning, after which plasma, liver, and longissimus dorsi (LM) samples were promptly collected. The IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters (P< 0.05), with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) values, and hormone levels (P< 0.05), with lower growth hormone, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values. Restoration of lipid metabolism was observed (P< 0.05), with lower triglyceride and FFA, and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver, and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the LM. Mitochondrial ETC complexes showed increased levels (P< 0.05), including higher complex III values in the liver, and higher complex I, complex III, and complex V values in the LM. Enhanced levels of energy metabolites were noted (P< 0.05), with higher NAD+, NAD+/NADH, adenosine triphosphate, and mtDNA values, and lower NADH values in the liver and LM. Additionally, meat quality parameters showed improvement (P< 0.05), with higher pH 24 h and a∗ values, and lower drip loss 48 h, L∗, and b∗ values. The expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were upregulated (P< 0.05) compared to the IUGR-C group. In conclusion, it was indicated that IUGR pigs experienced lipid metabolism disorders and diminished performance. However, supplementation with DMG-Na showed promise in mitigating these adverse physiological effects by safeguarding body tissues and modulating energy metabolism.

Visible light-driven pyridoxal radical biocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of valuable noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs). Previously, the use of well-tailored photoredox catalysts represented the key to enable efficient pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) enzyme-catalyzed radical reactions. Here, we report a PLP-dependent threonine aldolase-catalyzed asymmetric α-C–H alkylation of abundant amino acids using Katritzky pyridinium salts as alkylating agents. The use of engineered threonine aldolases allowed for this redox-neutral radical alkylation to proceed efficiently, giving rise to challenging α-trisubstituted and -tetrasubstituted ncAA products in a protecting-group-free fashion with excellent enantiocontrol. Mechanistically, this enantioselective α-alkylation capitalizes on the unique reactivity of the persistent enzymatic quinonoid intermediate derived from the PLP cofactor and the amino acid substrate to allow for novel radical C–C coupling. Surprisingly, this photobiocatalytic process does not require the use of well-established photoredox catalysts and operates through an unconventional photoinduced radical generation involving a PLP-derived aldimine. The ability to develop photobiocatalytic reactions without relying on classic photocatalysts or photoenzymes opens up new avenues for advancing stereoselective intermolecular radical reactions that are not known in either organic chemistry or enzymology.

Zanthoxyli radix is a popular tea among the elderly, and it is believed to have a positive effect on Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, a highly effective three-step strategy was proposed for comprehensive analysis of the active components and biological functions of Zanthoxylum nitidum(ZN), including high-resolution LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry (HRMS), multivariate statistical analysis for heterogeneity (MSAH), and experimental and virtual screening for bioactivity analysis (EVBA). A total of 117 compounds were identified from the root, stem, and leaf of ZN through HRMS. Bioactivity assays showed that the order of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity from strong to weak was root > stem > leaf. Nitidine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine were found to be the main differential components of root, stem, and leaf by OPLS-DA. The IC50values of the three compounds are 0.81 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.01, and 0.48 ± 0.01 μM respectively, indicating that they are potent and high-quality AChE inhibitors. Molecular docking showed that pi-pi T-shaped interactions and pi-lone pairs played important roles in AChE inhibition. This study not only explains the biological function of Zanthoxyli radix in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease to some extent, but also lays the foundation for the development of stem and leaf of ZN.

Rapid bubble release at high current densities results in the detachment of catalysts and performance degradation, posing a persistent challenge in actual alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Here, hierarchical nanosheet structures (CoNC@P-MoS2) are constructed, with P-doped MoS2on the surface of Co,N-codoped carbon. It exhibits low hydrogen evolution reaction overpotentials of 30 and 354 mV at 10 and 1000 mA cm–2in 1 M KOH, respectively, with a small Tafel slope of 36 mV dec–1. The constructed CoNC@P-MoS2||NiFe-DLH cell requires only 1.44 and 1.92 V to achieve overall water splitting at 10 and 1000 mA cm–2, which outperforms the traditional catalysts like Pt/C||IrO2. The introduction of P stabilizes surface hydroxyl (OH*) and increases the proton penetration depth, thereby greatly enhancing its intrinsic activity. It also makes the surface aerophobic by introducing more microfeatures, which greatly improves the geometric activity by increasing the bubble release rate (∼5.8 times). Low energy consumption of 3.92 kW h Nm–3was achieved with an energy efficiency close to 80%. Bubble growth kinetics analysis reveals that the time and growth factors for CoNC@P-MoS2are increased to 0.54 and 11.79 from 0.45 and 6.09 for CoNC, respectively, which highlights its fast bubble reaction dynamics. The results suggest the feasibility of CoNC@P-MoS2as a potential high-performance catalyst in commercial AWE.

With the rapid development of metaverse and digital twins, consumer electronics, like smartphones and wearable devices, are pivotal in merging the physical and digital realms. This integration has led to the prominence of Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) as a critical data collection method. In MCS, the efficiency with which workers sense tasks directly determines the timeliness of data collection, which affects the capabilities of digital twin services and service consumers’ interests. However, improving efficiency often requires workers to accelerate data collection, which may sacrifice precise processing, affecting overall data quality. Conversely, to ensure high-quality data, workers may need to spend more time on meticulous task execution, which can reduce efficiency. Therefore, simultaneously achieving high efficiency and high quality in data collection presents a typical multi-objective optimization problem, where efficiency and quality goals often conflict. Against this background, an Intelligent Location Preference Assignment (ILPA) framework is proposed to strengthen the robustness of crowdsensing while maximizing the efficiency and quality of data collection. Firstly, a Location Preference Optimization Algorithm (LPOA) is developed to optimize quality and efficiency, obtaining workers’ location preferences. Then, under multi-location tasking, a Location Preference Assignment Scheme (LPAS) is constructed to achieve optimal assignment effectively. Comprehensive experiments conducted with two real-world datasets validate the effectiveness and applicability of the ILPA framework within the digital twins model.

Objective: To observe the improvement of facial weakness in patients with peripheral facial palsy treated with needling the muscle regions of meridians plus Da Qin Jiao Tang [decoction of Qin Jiao(Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae)], and the effects on facial paralysis injury function and mimetic muscle atrophy and motor conduction. Methods: A total of 120 patients with peripheral facial palsy were randomized into a Chinese medication group and an acupuncture medication combined group by the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The Chinese medication group was treated with Da Qin Jiao Tang, and the acupuncture medication combined group was treated with needling the muscle regions of meridians based on oral Da Qin Jiao Tang. After treatment, the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. The changes in the facial symptom score, facial muscle thickness, facial muscle strength, facial nerve function, and facial disability index were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the acupuncture medication combined group was 98.3%, which was higher than 85.0% in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05). Each facial symptom score in the acupuncture medication combined group was lower than that in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05). The muscle thickness of the depressor anguli oris, frontalis, and depressor labii inferioris in the acupuncture medication combined group was thicker than that in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05). The scores of physical function and social/behavioral function in the acupuncture medication combined group were lower than those in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05), while the scores of manual muscle test (MMT) and Sunnybrook facial nerve were higher than those in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05). The facial nerve motor latency of the upper lip quadrate muscle, frontalis, and orbicularis oculi in the acupuncture medication combined group was lower than that in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05), while the M-wave amplitude was higher than that in the Chinese medication group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Needling the muscle regions of meridians plus Da Qin Jiao Tang can improve facial muscle strength, mimetic muscle atrophy, facial paralysis function injury, and facial nerve motor conduction in the treatment of peripheral facial palsy and enhance clinical efficacy.

The emergency of intelligent transportation system provides new methods to monitor and alleviate traffic problems by employing many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, namely workers, to collect data. However, there are many malicious workers (or spammers) negatively impacting the system, so it is urgent to propose an effective true data evaluation method. In this paper, a UAV-assisted Intelligent True Data Evaluation (UITDE) method has been proposed to solve this problem effectively. UITDE has two main contributions. First, we abandon traditional algorithms that only use workers’ data to obtain estimated truths and compute their trusts directly. In contrast, we employ Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to collect data as ground truths to test and calculate workers’ trusts. Second, there are some unmalicious workers who collect inaccurate data due to their aged sensing equipment, extreme weather, or other objective reasons, so we propose a data rectification algorithm to rectify their data. The results show that our proposed method outperforms the compared methods, in terms of workers’ trust evaluation, utility, and accuracy.

N-Alkoxyphthalimides, one kind of phthalimide derivative, have great importance in synthesis, mainly used as free radical precursors. While the phthalimide unit, for a long time, was treated as part of the waste stream. Construction of C–N bonds has always been a hot spot, especially in reductive cross-coupling. Herein, a nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction of N-methoxyphthalimides with alkyl halides is described, where N-methoxyphthalimides serve as nitrogen electrophiles. This tactic provides a new approach to construct C–N bonds under mild neutral conditions. Alkyl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sulfonates are all fit to this transformation. Moreover, the reaction could tolerate a broad substrate scope, especially base-sensitive functional groups (boron or silicon groups), as well as competitive nucleophilic groups (phenols and amides), which are incompatible with traditional Gabriel synthesis under basic conditions, demonstrating a complementary role of this work to Gabriel synthesis.

The Nakazima method was applied to performing bulging experiments of annealed TA2 pure titanium/ Q235B carbon steel composite plate samples with different sizes. The effects of acting surfaces on forming limits and interface damage behavior of TA2/Q235B composite plate were investigated. It is found that when the steel contacts with the concave die, the bulging height and forming limit of the composite plate increase due to the different contact materials, coordination deformation ability of the interface, and strain state. The bulging height of the R140 specimen reaches the maximum value (46.17 mm), and the thickness reduction and interfacial crack of the R60 and R180 specimens in three directions are larger. In addition, due to the difference in hardness and tensile stress, all horizontal and inclined holes in both groups extend toward the pure titanium.

Two lanthanide 3D coordination polymers [Ln2(L)4Cl2(H2O)4]n(Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2)) with quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (HL) as the ligand were successfully synthesized and characterized. Complex 1exhibits a highly sensitive and selective luminescent response to 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) in tap water and is virtually unaffected by interferences such as amino acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, and ions. With the addition of DPA, the luminescence intensity of complex 1decreases rapidly to the naked eye. The detection limit of 1toward DPA is 3.36 μM, which is much less than the infectious dose (60 μM) of the anthrax spores, indicating the high sensitivity of 1to DPA. This study offers a basis for employing lanthanide complexes in real sample analysis, enabling direct and efficient detection of DPA with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, it is noteworthy that at a magnetic field strength of 7 T and a temperature of 3 K, the maximum entropy change for complex 2attains a value of 23.56 J kg–1K–1.

Exoskeletons have enormous potential to improve human locomotive performance1–3. However, their development and broad dissemination are limited by the requirement for lengthy human tests and handcrafted control laws2. Here we show an experiment-free method to learn a versatile control policy in simulation. Our learning-in-simulation framework leverages dynamics-aware musculoskeletal and exoskeleton models and data-driven reinforcement learning to bridge the gap between simulation and reality without human experiments. The learned controller is deployed on a custom hip exoskeleton that automatically generates assistance across different activities with reduced metabolic rates by 24.3%, 13.1% and 15.4% for walking, running and stair climbing, respectively. Our framework may offer a generalizable and scalable strategy for the rapid development and widespread adoption of a variety of assistive robots for both able-bodied and mobility-impaired individuals.

The coronal plane is the unique display mode of automated breast (AB) ultrasound (US), which has valuable features of showing the entire breast anatomy and providing additional diagnostic value for breast lesions. However, whether adding the coronal plane could improve the diagnostic performance in screening breast cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the value of adding the coronal plane in interpretation for AB US screening. In this retrospective study, AB US images from 644 women (396 in the no‐finding group, 143 with benign lesions, and 105 with malignant lesions) aged 40–70 years were collected between January 2016 and October 2020. Four novice radiologists (with 1–5 years of experience with breast US) and four experienced radiologists (with >5 years of experience with breast US) were assigned to read all AB US images in the transverse plane plus coronal plane (T + C planes) and transverse plane (T plane) alone in separate reading sessions. Diagnostic performance, lesion conspicuity, and reading time were compared using analysis of variance. The mean reading time of all radiologists was significantly shorter in the T + C planes reading mode than in the T plane alone (115 ± 32 vs 128 ± 31 s, respectively; P< .05), and cancers had a higher conspicuity (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–3.08; P= .04). No significant differences were noted in the two reading modes (T + C planes vs T plane) in the sensitivity (82% [95% CI, 74–89%] vs 81% [95% CI, 74–88%], respectively; P= .68) and specificity (68% [95% CI, 62–75%] vs 70% [95% CI, 64–75%], respectively; P= .39) when Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) 3 was set as the threshold. There were also no significant differences in the two reading modes (T + C planes vs T plane) in the sensitivity (70% [95% CI, 64–76%] vs 69% [95% CI, 63–75%], respectively; P= .39) and specificity (91% [95% CI, 87–96%] vs 91% [95% CI, 88–95%], respectively; P= .90) when BI‐RADS 4 was set as the threshold. In addition, the mean areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of all radiologists in the two reading modes (T + C planes vs T plane) were not significantly different (0.84 [95% CI, 0.79–0.89] vs 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78–0.89], respectively; P= .61). Adding a coronal plane in the AB US screening setting saved the reading time and improved the conspicuity of breast cancers but not the diagnostic performance.

Currently, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma remains high, and the prognosis of patients is poor. Prognostic biomarkers are still worth exploring.