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An efficient and metal-free approach for the divergent synthesis of 2-fluoro-3-aryl-4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines and α-trifluoromethyl-β-arylthio tertiary alcohols from 2-mercaptoimidazoles and α-CF3alkenes has been developed. The chemoselectivity was well controlled by base or light; a series of 2-fluoro-3-aryl-4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines were afforded viabase-mediated sequential SN2′- and SNV-type reactions. Meanwhile, α-trifluoromethyl-β-arylthio tertiary alcohols could be selectively achieved through visible-light-driven and electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex-initiated radical cascade thiolation/hydroxylation in the absence of base, transition metal, and external photocatalyst.

Ordered structural modifications of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are crucial for enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, a three-dimensional, two-phase numerical model of PEM fuel cells with grooves added is constructed. The size, position, and direction of the grooves are examined. The essential relationship between grooves and the cell performance is revealed. The mechanisms of oxygen transport and water drainage are elucidated based on the Sherwood (Sh) number and capillary pressure gradient (∇PC), respectively. The findings suggest that under-rib longitudinal grooves offer lower cell performance than under-channel longitudinal grooves due to on-way resistance. Furthermore, the smaller the size of grooves, the higher the cell performance. The underlying reason is that the longitudinal groove demonstrates an increased Shaverageand an enhanced ∇PC,average, while the transverse groove exhibits a reduced Shaverageand a progressively smooth ∇PC,local, respectively. On this basis, a comparison between longitudinal and transverse grooves is performed. The current density is enhanced by 0.89% and 1.10%, respectively. Longitudinal grooves are recommended in industrial practice owing to the more favorable ∇PC,averageand relative ease of fabrication. Finally, the superior effects of the longitudinal groove on the cell performance are explored via applications in GDLs with various properties. Taking the drainage capability into account, the longitudinal groove is more suitable for addition in GDLs with a lower porosity.

In this research, we introduce a PdSe2/2H–MoTe2heterojunction photodetector that exhibits both broadband self-powered photodetection and linear/circular polarization detection capabilities. It has a broad spectral response range (covering 375–2200 nm) and reaches a peak sensitivity at 532 nm, exhibiting a notable responsivity of 7.3 × 103A/W and a substantial specific detectivity of 8.5 × 1012Jones. Even in the near-infrared region of 1310 nm, it still has a high responsivity of 20 A/W. The self-powered photodetection capabilities of the PdSe2/2H–MoTe2heterojunction are equally impressive, covering a broad range from 375 to 1550 nm, with a responsivity of 243 mA/W, a specific detectivity of 6.46 × 1010Jones, a fill factor of 0.8, and an external quantum efficiency of 56.73%. Finally, simultaneous implementation of linear/circular polarization detection on the PdSe2/2H–MoTe2heterojunction provides a powerful solution for near-infrared full-Stokes polarization detectors with high integration, miniaturization, and portability.

In this paper, the surface grafting and crosslinking modification method is proposed for enhancing the dielectric properties of polypropylene (PP) films for metalized film capacitors (MFCs). The results indicate that the leakage conductivity of the modified film is 1.05 × 10−16 S/m, exhibiting better resistance characteristics. The DC breakdown strength could reach 625.2 kV/mm, marking a notable 14.8% increase compared to the pure PP film. The surface grafting could lead to charge concentration at the electrode/film interface, which weakens the interfacial electric field and inhibits charge injection. Furthermore, the crosslinking reaction could enhance the entanglement of macromolecular chains, thereby changing the crystal morphology of PP and decreasing the migration rate of carriers. This method improves the dielectric properties of the capacitor film from the perspective of charge transport.

Image retrieval techniques can be easily abused to violate personal privacy with images containing individuals’ sensitive information. For example, people's identity information can be inferred from their face photos. Therefore, images should be sanitized before being shared or transmitted. However, previous works on image privacy protection suffer from either no provable privacy protection or poor utility with privacy guarantee. In this work, we propose CODER, a privacy protection mechanism in image retrieval, with provable privacy guarantee as well as improved utility. In particular, CODER achieves metric differential privacy and adopts a newly proposed distortion metric definition which measures the distance more precisely to improve utility. The novel distortion metric can be applied to an arbitrary k-dimensional metric space with stronger image privacy protection. We theoretically analyze the privacy guarantee and rigorous utility bound of CODER. We also experimentally compare its performance with two state-of-the-art works on two widely used face datasets. The results show that CODER significantly improves the utility of the protected images and demonstrates its superiority in terms of the privacy-utility trade-off over the compared works. Finally, we perform reliability verification on both discriminative and generative models to demonstrate the practicality of CODER.

This investigation delves into the thermal deformation behavior of TC9 titanium alloy. Compression tests at isothermal conditions were performed on a Gleeble thermal simulator under conditions spanning 700–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1. The true stress-true strain curves indicated that stress increases with rising strain rate and decreasing temperatures. The softening mechanisms in the biphasic and monophasic regions were discussed. By correcting errors caused by friction, the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive equation, which accurately describes the flow behavior of TC9 titanium alloy, has been established. A processing map at a strain of 0.7 was constructed based on the power dissipation factor, revealing an unstable region at 700–800 °C/0.01–1 s−1and 800–900 °C/0.1–1 s−1, where microcrack defects were observed, suggesting that processing should be avoided in this region. Efficiency values as high as 60–70 % indicate superplasticity deformation, with corresponding mvalues within this efficiency range of approximately 0.4–0.5, reaching the strain rate sensitivity index range of superplasticity titanium alloys. Tensile tests conducted at 900 °C and a deformation rate of 0.001 s−1showed elongation exceeding 100 %. The sample compressed at 900 °C and 0.001 s−1exhibits small grain size, uniform orientation, the lowest dislocation density, and a uniform two-phase mixture. These microstructural features indicate the material's good machinability.

Fast and accurate forced oscillation source location (FOSL) is critical for mitigating forced oscillations in power systems. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional dissipating energy flow (DEF) in decomposing the forced oscillation components from the measurement responses, a multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD)-assisted FOSL is proposed in this paper to locate the forced oscillation sources from measurements in time-frequency (TF) plane. The multi-channel measurement matrix of each generator is formed, then the multi-channel modes are decomposed from the formed multi-channel measurement matrix using the MVMD. Further, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) associated with the forced oscillation mode are distinguished from the decomposed modes according to the relative energy weights. With the distinguished IMFs, the MVMD-assisted DEF calculation method is developed to locate the forced oscillation source. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the simulation data of the WECC 179-bus test system and IEEE-NASPI Oscillation Source Location Contest as well as the actual PMU data of ISO New England. The results validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in the FOSL.

In the solar system, Icy Worlds such as Europa and Enceladus hold great potential for extraterrestrial life and may provide humanity an answer, within this century, to the age-old question of life beyond Earth. Exo-AUV technology shows promise in life detection in the icy shell, at the ice-water interface and on the seafloor of exo-ocean. Space agencies, including NASA and DLR, are enthusiastic about deploying Exo-AUVs to explore life in these regions. However, the where and how to find life, the technologies to be utilized and the goals to be achieved are crucial aspects for future Exo-AUV life detection missions on Icy Worlds. This study delves into a hypothetical mission of life detection on Europa, discussing science goals, detectable objects, potential regions and biogenic analysis for Icy Worlds. It proposes a life detection strategy for Icy Worlds based on Exo-AUVs, presents key contextual elements for Exo-AUV operations, outlines technological requirements for hull, payloads and autonomy, introduces the current state of Exo-AUV research and addresses existing challenges. This study also suggests a roadmap for conceptual development of Exo-AUV and a Concept of Operations for Multiple Exo-AUV System (ConOps for MEAS). This system aims to assist planetary scientists and astrobiologists in exploring Icy Worlds, identifying robust biosignatures and potentially discovering extant organisms, even prebiotic chemical systems.

We propose and demonstrate a photonic approach to generating low-phase-noise ultra-wide arbitrary waveforms based on a wideband injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). A seed wideband microwave signal from an external microwave source is injected into the OEO loop. When the period of the seed signal is equal to the round-trip time of the loop, injection locking works and a continuous-wave wideband microwave signal, of which the center frequency and bandwidth are identical to that of the seed signal, is generated by the OEO. Thanks to the long fiber loop, the phase noise of the generated wideband microwave signal is highly improved. To increase the bandwidth of the generated signal, photonic-assisted microwave frequency multiplication is leveraged, and an ultra-wide bandwidth is resulted. By tuning the seed signal in terms of center frequency, bandwidth, and frequency pattern, the generated ultra-wide microwave signal is also tuned correspondingly. An experimental demonstration is performed in which a high-speed dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DDMZM) is incorporated. The upper X-polarized DDMZM is used to realize the OEO loop; the lower Y-polarized DDMZM is employed for frequency multiplication. When a seed linearly chirped signal with a bandwidth of 3 GHz is injected, a same microwave signal is generated, of which the phase noise is measured to be −124 dBc/Hz@10 kHz, more than 20 dB improvement compared to that of the seed signal, and a frequency stability with an Allan deviation is 3.72 × 10−12@1s, almost the same as that of the seed signal. With the use of photonic-assisted frequency multiplication, a frequency-quadrupled signal with a bandwidth as broad as 12 GHz is also generated. By tuning the seed microwave signal, fully tuning of the ultra-wide microwave waveforms is also experimentally demonstrated. In particular, by controlling the loop gain, microwave pulses with different duty cycles are generated. Our proposed approach combines the distinct advantages of photonic generation in terms of low phase noise and ultra-wide bandwidth, and of electronic generation in term of fully tuning, which takes a big step forward practical application.

The manufacturing process and the consistency of rectifier diodes on the secondary side can significantly impact the performance of the intermediate frequency (IF) transformer in resistance spot welding (RSW) power supplies. In high current welding applications, the IF transformer may experience magnetic saturation, leading to a rapid decrease in the inductance of the primary side winding. This can result in a sharp increase in primary side current, potentially causing damage to the inverter bridge and transformer of the power supply, and ultimately reducing the overall equipment reliability. This study focuses on the analysis of transformer magnetic saturation in spot welding power systems. A strategy is proposed to mitigate transformer magnetic saturation through secondary current compensation for IF DC spot welding inverter power supplies. The effectiveness and feasibility of this approach are evaluated through simulation and experimental validation, demonstrating its potential to enhance the performance and reliability of the welding equipment.

The repair of bone defects has always been a significant challenge in clinical medicine. To address this challenge, doctors often utilize autologous bone grafts, allogeneic bone grafts and artificial bone substitutes. However, the former two methods may result in additional trauma and complications, while allogeneic bone grafts carry the risks of immune rejection and disease transmission. Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), as a artificial bone substitutes, has been a potential biomaterial for repairing bone defects, but its clinical application is limited by insufficient mechanical strength and poor osteoinductive activity.

Studying the seasonal deformation in GPS time series is important to interpreting geophysical contributors and identifying unmodeled and mismodeled seasonal signals. Traditional seasonal signal extraction used the least squares method, which models seasonal deformation as a constant seasonal amplitude and phase. However, the seasonal variations are not constant from year to year, and the seasonal amplitude and phase are time-variable. In order to obtain the time-variable seasonal signal in the GPS station coordinate time series, singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is conducted in this study. We firstly applied the SSA on simulated seasonal signals with different frequencies 1.00 cycle per year (cpy), 1.04 cpy and with time-variable amplitude are superimposed. It was found that SSA can successfully obtain the seasonal variations with different frequencies and with time-variable amplitude superimposed. Then, SSA is carried out on the GPS observations in Yunnan Province. The results show that the time-variable amplitude seasonal signals are ubiquitous in Yunnan Province, and the time-variable amplitude change in 2019 in the region is extracted, which is further explained by the soil moisture mass loading and atmospheric pressure loading. After removing the two loading effects, the SSA obtained modulated seasonal signals which contain the obvious seasonal variations at frequency of 1.046 cpy, it is close with the GPS draconitic year, 1.040 cpy. Hence, the time-variable amplitude changes in 2019 and the seasonal GPS draconitic year in the region could be discriminated successfully by SSA in Yunnan Province.

The inherent challenges associated with aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), such as low energy density and slow diffusion kinetics, pose significant obstacles to their widespread adoption as energy storage systems. These limitations mainly stem from the nongreen and complex preparation process of high-quality cathode materials. In this study, we propose an approach utilizing microwave-assisted ball milling to expedite the fabrication of vanadium-based intercalated nanomaterials, aiming at solving the problem of prolonged reaction at high temperatures, which is unavoidable in the preparation of anode materials. Na2V6O16(NVO) nanorods were synthesized in just 40 min under aqueous solvent conditions. These nanorods exhibit remarkable electrochemical properties, including a high specific capacity of 564 mA h g–1at 0.1 A g–1and an excellent cycle life, maintaining 164.2 mA h g–1after 5000 cycles at 5 A g–1. Additionally, the incorporation of Na+into the electrolyte effectively mitigates the stripping of Na+and the deposition of Zn dendrimers from NVO, further contributing to enhanced cycling stability. The findings of this study offer a promising approach to the rapid and efficient synthesis of high-quality ZIB cathode materials.

Precipitation scavenging is an important sink for both organic and inorganic pollutants in the atmosphere. However, there has been controversy over the relative importance of different precipitation characteristics (i.e., the precipitation amount, intensity, frequency, and duration) in the removal of air pollutants. It is critical to reach a consensus on which precipitation characteristics are most significant for aerosol wet removal. In this study, the analysis of multisource in situ observations of aerosol wet deposition worldwide indicates that the precipitation frequency plays a first-order role in scavenging aerosols. This is because large amounts of air pollutants are efficiently removed at precipitation initiation. As the duration and amount of precipitation increase, the scavenging efficiency decreases sharply. Consequently, it is featured that light precipitation, due to its high frequency of occurrence, rather than total precipitation, determines climatological aerosol wet deposition. To further confirm this, a state-of-the-art global climate model with convection resolved is modified to reduce the light precipitation frequency in both stratiform and convective cloud regimes. Results show widespread increases in aerosol optical depth (AOD) due to the reduced wet deposition. The spatial distribution of aerosol wet deposition changes resembles that of changes in the light precipitation frequency rather than that of total precipitation changes. These findings are consistent with those from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 multimodel simulations, which show that the intermodel uncertainty in simulated AOD correlates more strongly with the uncertainty in light precipitation frequency than with that in total precipitation.

The rapid advancement of modern power equipment and high-power devices has imposed increasingly stringent demands upon the mechanical and dielectric properties of electrical insulation materials. Herein, we report a poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) composite insulating paper with excellent dielectric breakdown strength, reliable mechanical properties, and high thermal stability. Enhanced surface activity of PMIA is achieved through surface modification, facilitating the synergistic integration of modified PMIA (MPMIA), bovine serum albumin (BSA)/silica (SiO2), and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) into composite paper using dynamic covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding. The prepared MPMIA–BSA/SiO2–CNF composite paper exhibits a laminated stacked structure with high tensile strength (32.68 MPa) and strain at break (9.57%). Meanwhile, MPMIA–BSA/SiO2–CNF composites have excellent dielectric breakdown strength (24.75 kV/mm) and good temperature resistance. Therefore, the MPMIA–BSA/SiO2–CNF composite paper has a broad application prospect in the field of high-voltage and high-power electrical equipment insulation.

Sc and Zn were introduced into O3-NaMn0.5Ni0.5O2(NaMN) using the combination of solution combustion and solid-state method. The effect of Sc and Zn dual-substitution on Na+diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN was investigated. The physicochemical characterizations suggest that the introduction of Sc and Zn broaden Na+diffusion channels and weaken the Na—O bonds, thereby facilitating the diffusion of sodium ions. Simulations indicate that the Sc and Zn dual-substitution decreases the diffusion barrier of Na-ions and improves the conductivity of the material. The dual-substituted NaMn0.5Ni0.4Sc0.04Zn0.04O2(NaMNSZ44) cathode delivers impressive cycle stability with capacity retention of 71.2 % after 200 cycles at 1Cand 54.8% after 400 cycles at 5C. Additionally, the full cell paired with hard carbon anode exhibits a remarkable long-term cycling stability, showing capacity retention of 64.1% after 250 cycles at 1C. These results demonstrate that Sc and Zn dual-substitution is an effective strategy to improve the Na+diffusion dynamics and structural stability of NaMN.

AbstractUrban pedestrian bridges should contribute to the improvement of the overall image and function of the place where the footbridge is located. In order to establish a complete pedestrian access area of a Green Belt Park, an elegant pedestrian landscape bridge with Y-shaped piers and mixed decks was designed and built, providing an open and diverse viewing experience. Accelerated bridge construction technologies were adopted to build the footbridge. Finite-element models, including the full bridge model and local model, were established and a continuous rigid frame and continuous girder composite bridge system was proposed after scheme comparison. Preliminary statics and dynamics analysis, as well as detailed calculations for the local stresses of Y-shaped piers and the shear lag effect of the deck, were carried out aiming to demonstrate its safety and suitability.

Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as one of the predominant causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) with global impact. Despite the inactivated vaccine being licensed, other vaccine candidates based on advanced technology platforms are under development. In this report, we rationally designed and constructed two DNA-launched live attenuated vaccine candidates (pDL-EV71) under the control of specific promoters. In vitroand in vivotransfection with pDL-EV71 driven by the CMV promoter successfully yielded fully infectious EV71. More importantly, the administration of pDL-EV71 did not cause clinical symptoms following intracranial or intramuscular inoculation in neonatal and IFNα/βR−/−mice, demonstrating its safety profile. Moreover, a single-dose or two-dose immunization with pDL-EV71 elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against EV71 as well as an antigen-specific cellular response in mice. A single-dose immunization with 10 ​μg of pDL-EV71 conferred complete protection against lethal EV71 infection in neonates born to immunized maternal mice. Overall, our present results demonstrate that pDL-EV71 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate against EV71 for further development.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), in particular force spectroscopy, is a powerful tool for understanding the supramolecular structures associated with polymers grafted to surfaces, especially in regimes of low polymer density where different morphological structures are expected. In this study, we utilize force volume mapping to characterize the nanoscale surfaces of Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) grafted with a monolayer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. Spatially resolved force–distance curves taken for a single AgNC were used to map surface properties, such as adhesion energy and deformation. We confirm the presence of surface octopus micelles that are localized on the corners of the AgNC, using force curves to resolve structural differences between the micelle “bodies” and “legs”. Furthermore, we observe unique features of this system including a polymer corona stemming from AgNC–substrate interactions and polymer bridging stemming from particle–particle interactions.

Hydrogen, as a representative of the new energy source, has great potential for development, and the detection of the low concentration of hydrogen plays a crucial role in process safety control. In this paper, a gas sensor based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure with high sensitivity and low response time is proposed. The sensor is bilaterally coupled with a ring resonant cavity and a metal nanopillar, and the outgoing field superposition is achieved by bilaterally coupling the resonant cavity to achieve a lower transmittance, which facilitates detection. The symmetry of the structure was broken by different methods, and the results showed that the complexity and response time of the structure increased significantly after breaking the symmetry, but the transmittance appeared to decrease and the transmission characteristic curve was independent of the coupling phase. The waveguide structure shows a highly linear relationship between resonance wavelength and refractive index with a maximum sensitivity of 2433.00 nm/RIU when used for refractive index sensing, and a maximum sensitivity of −2.61 nm/% when used for hydrogen gas sensing. For methane gas sensing, the maximum sensitivity is −9.22 nm/%.

KRASG12C is the most common KRASmutation in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for which targeted therapy has recently been developed.

Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) in soil have serious negative impacts on plant growth. As a bioremediator, Trichoderma viridemay modulate the impacts of MPs and/or Cd on plant growth and heavy metal uptake. In this study, T. virideF7 was used to treat Cd-contaminated soil with and without the presence of polylactic acid MPs to investigate its effects on peanut growth, Cd uptake efficiency, and soil properties. Results showed that F7 increased soil pH, dissolved organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, microbial biomass nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon, which resulted in increases of 2.10%–19.83% in peanut biomass and mitigated the negative effects of MPs and Cd on peanut growth. Trichoderma virideF7 reduced the soil bioavailable Cd and plant Cd concentrations by 16.68%–34.20% and 5.37%–25.84%, respectively. Regression path analysis showed that F7 could improve peanut performances by altering soil properties and reducing peanut Cd concentrations in MP-Cd-contaminated soil. Soil fungal community analysis indicated that the microbial community was altered viaF7 inoculation, which antagonized Fusariumand promoted peanut growth. This study reveals the mechanisms of F7 in mitigating Cd contamination in the soil with the presence of MPs, which provides new ideas for managing MP-heavy metal-contaminated soil and improving soil health.

New technologies in polymer synthesis and pipe extrusion equipment have led to the commercialization of high-performance, large-diameter, thick-wall high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. They have been used in the field of seawater transport and cooling to replace metal pipes, due to their advantages of high corrosion resistance and extensibility. Connection of HDPE pipe is important as it determines the safety of the entire piping system. Butt fusion welding is commonly used for HDPE pipe connection but may cause the formation of weak points in the welded joints, interfering the reliability of the pipeline system in the application of nuclear power plants. At present, there is a lack of research on evaluating the performance of welded joint for large-diameter thick-wall HDPE pipes made by butt fusion-welding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of three different butt fusion-welding processes, i.e., single low pressure (SLP), single high pressure (SHP) and dual low pressure (DLP), by evaluating the performance of their welded joints, including characterizing tensile strength, extensibility, crystallinity and hardness. In specific, a thick-wall HDPE pipe with OD of 812.8 mm and wall thickness of 74 mm which is certified for nuclear safety class was used for study. Representative specimen from the outer, middle and inner part across the wall of the main pipe body and welded joints were taken for testing. Different test methods and specimens were designed to assess the feasibility of evaluating the welding performance from different welding process. The results showed that the mechanical properties of different locations of the welded joints were different, and the tensile strength and fracture energy of the middle part of the joint were lower than that of the inner and outer parts, which could be caused by the difference in the crystallinity and thickness of the melting zone influenced by welding processes, as can be seen from the analysis of DSC test and morphology observation. Hardness testing was conducted on the section of the welded joints, and it revealed that the micromechanical properties of the welded joints in the region of the heat-affected zone were enhanced significantly, which may be due to the annealing effect caused by welding process. In summary, The DLP process resulted in the best extensibility of the welded joints among three processes, suggesting that the joining pressure from welding process plays an important role in affecting the extensibility of the welded joints.

Herein, we developed a series of benzo[1,3]oxazinyloxazolidinones as potent antibacterial agents. Some of the compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a range of clinical drug-resistant pathogens, including Mtb, MRSA, MRSE, VISA, and VRE. Notably, compound 16dinhibited protein synthesis and displayed potent activity against linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Although 16dshowed cross-resistance to linezolid-resistant MRSA, the frequency of resistance development of MRSA against 16dwas lower compared to that of linezolid. Additionally, 16dexhibited excellent pharmacokinetic properties and superior in vivoefficacy compared to linezolid. Furthermore, compound 16dmodulated cytokine levels and ameliorated histopathological changes in major organs of bacterially infected mice. Hoechst-PI double staining and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that 16dexhibited some similarities with linezolid in its effects while also demonstrating a distinct mechanism characterized by cell membrane damage. Moreover, 16dsignificantly disrupted the MRSA biofilms. The antibacterial agent 16drepresents a promising candidate for the treatment of serious infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Chemical recycling is a promising strategy to establish a circular plastic economy, and it is still in an early stage of development. In this work, the reductive depolymerization of polyesters and polycarbonates into their corresponding borylated alcohols promoted by heterogeneous lanthanum materials was described. Grafting the easily accessible lanthanum tris(aminobenzyl) complex La(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3(1) onto the partially dehydroxylated silica support SBA-15 (SBA-15500or SBA-15700) gave the inorganic–organic hybrid materials 1@SBA-15500and 1@SBA-15700. These hybrid lanthanum materials, in combination with pinacolborane (HBpin), could serve as highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the selective depolymerization of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters, as well as polycarbonates into their corresponding borylated diols through a hydroboration reaction under mild conditions. The lanthanum materials exhibited a practical application in plastic waste recycling for their easy preparation, high catalytic efficiency, and recyclable property.

A metal-free, light-induced regiodivergent functionalization of α,β-unsaturated amides with aryltriazenes under ambient conditions was developed. The visible light and B(C6F5)3cocatalyzed radical cascade arylation/cyclization of N-alkyl-N-arylmethacrylamides can obtain functionalized 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles with the assistance of photocatalyst eosin Y–Na2. In the absence of any catalyst, with purple light irradiation and electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complex initiation, the radical cascade arylation/hydroxylation of N-arylmethacrylamides affords α-hydroxylamides. This methodology highlights the arts in accessing different regioisomers by altering the substrates and photocatalytic strategies.

High-strength, lightweight, ultrathin, and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with a high shielding effectiveness (SE) are essential for modern integrated electronics. Herein, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are employed to homogeneously disperse graphene nanoplates (GNPs) into an aramid nanofiber (ANF) network and silver nanowire (AgNW) network, respectively, producing high-performance nanopapers. These nanopapers, featuring nacre-mimetic microstructures and layered architectures, exhibited high tensile strength (601.11 MPa) and good toughness (103.56 MJ m–3) with a thickness of only 24.58 μm. Their specific tensile strength reaches 447.59 MPa·g–1·cm3, which is 1.74 times that of titanium alloys (257 MPa·g–1·cm3). The AgNW/GNP composite conductive layers exhibit an electrical conductivity of 12010.00 S cm–1, providing the nanopapers with great EMI shielding performance, achieving an EMI SE of 63.87 dB and an EMI SE/t of 25978.80 dB cm–1. The nanopapers also show reliable durability, retaining a tensile strength of 500.96 MPa and an EMI SE of 57.59 dB after 120,000 folding cycles. Additionally, they have a good electrical heating performance with a fast response time, low driving voltage, effective deicing capability, and reliable heating capacity in water. This work presents a strategy to develop a high-performance nanopaper, showing great potential for applications in electromagnetic compatibility, national defense, smart electronics, and human health.

The impact of water on catalyst activity remains inconclusive due to its dependence on the specific reaction environment. To maximize the exploitation of water’s promoting effect, we employed ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3–SCR) as a probe reaction and proposed a phosphorus modification strategy for Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts. The objective of this approach was to construct water-adaptive microstructures through directional arrangement. To investigate the effect of phosphorus on the transformation of framework copper sites in humid environments, we conducted comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculation. Results reveal that water molecules cleave the oxygen bridges between phosphorus oxide and copper, leading to the formation of active isolated [Cu(OH)]+groups and phosphate. The phosphate species weaken the interaction between exchanged Cu2+groups and the zeolite framework, leading to the generation of highly migratory hydrated Cu2+species. This work will potentially guide the rational design of water-adaptive catalysts for gas pollution abatement in a humid environment.

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have attracted increasing attention in aqueous zinc-based batteries (AZBs) with the advantages of an open framework, adjustable redox potential, and easy synthesis. However, they exhibited a low specific capacity and a poor cycle performance. In this work, crystalline potassium iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) with dislocation was designed and prepared by a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) additive. The metastable state provided by PVP would cause an electrostatic interaction between cyanogen and water molecules. The reduced force increases the steric resistance of the water molecules entering the crystal. The low content of crystal water in FeHCF is associated with the formation of dislocation. The dislocation effect effectively improves the electrochemical reactivity and reaction kinetics of FeHCF. Thus, it presents a high reversible capacity of 131 mAh g–1with a superior capacity retention of 85% after 550 cycles at 0.5 A g–1. When used as a cathode, the AZBs display a high voltage of 2.6 V, a fast charging capability (<5 min), and a satisfactory cycle stability with a capacity retention of 82% after 400 cycles at 0.2 A g–1in decoupling electrolytes. This work provides an effective strategy for the design of high-performance PBA-based cathodes for 2.6 V AZBs.