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•The Jiasha alkaline rocks exhibit superchondritic Nb/Ta ratios.•Lithospheric mantle source was metasomatized by subducted sediment-derived melt.•Lithospheric mantle source is a potential superchondritic reservoir.

Antennal olfactory responses of the parasitoid, Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to 13 host-induced volatile compounds were measured by electroantennogram (EAG) techniques. Dose response curves of EAG indicated that compared with males, females showed significantly stronger EAG responses to (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl-hexanoate and Benzyl nitrile. Among plant volatiles tested, the females were most sensitive to 100μM (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, while the males were more sensitive to 100μM (E)-2-hexenal. The results show that the wasp is able to detect all compounds tested. We detected no sexual differences in the EAG responses to (E)-2-hexenyl hexanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl-2-methyl butyrate, (E)-β-ocimene, Linalool and DMNT.

Gelatin gel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was prepared. Its volume is sensitive to the acetone–water composition. Near 50% acetone content, a discontinuous macroscopic volume phase transition (VPT) occurred. The gel was found to emit intrinsic blue fluorescence at 415nm, which is attributed to the formation of dimeric species of tyrosine (bityrosine) in the gelatin network. The ratio of intensity of bityrosine to that of tyrosine monomer, IB/IM, was used to examine the change in conformation of gelatin during volume phase transition (VPT). With the increasing acetone concentration, IB/IMcontinuously increased till VPT, and then dropped little, revealing a high yield of bityrosine species, which is considered to stem from the closer contact of inter-coil, inter-helix, intra-helix and coil-helix in the collapsed network. The continuous IB/IMchange suggests the non-discontinuous volume phase transition of gel occurring in microscale.