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Point-of-care (POC) tests increasingly highlight the importance of portable, cost-effective, and visually quantitative detection of biomarkers. Herein, we developed a power-free and visual signal-readout POC sensor based on the target-triggered ultrafast gelation process. In the gelation process, the target triggered the cascade reaction catalyzed by oxidase and ferrous glycinate to produce carbon radicals that immediately initiated the rapid polymerization and cross-linking of acryloylated chondroitin sulfate and dimethylacrylamide. This highly efficient enzymatic polymerization process contributed to the ultrafast generation of chondroitin hydrogel within 1 min at 25 °C. The increase in viscosity of aqueous solution resulted from hydrogel formation was then visually measured according to the distance of solution migration on a tick-labeled pH test strip, which thus realized the quantification of a target. By utilizing glucose oxidase as an oxidase model during the gelation process, this POC sensor was successfully employed in the rapid quantitative detection of glucose without the need for any auxiliary instruments. Benefiting from the specificity and stability of the enzymatic polymerization reaction, the sensor exhibited excellent performance in the detection of glucose in clinical blood samples. Moreover, the sensor was further extended to uric acid detection and enabled accurate assay in clinical urine samples, which indicated the versatility and practicability of this sensor in the POC test.

The repair of diabetic wounds remains challenging, primarily due to the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition which often leads to the excessive inflammatory response, impaired angiogenesis, and heightened susceptibility to infection. However, the means to reduce the immunosuppression and regulate the conversion of M2 phenotype macrophages under a high-glucose microenvironment using advanced biomaterials for diabetic wounds are not yet fully understood. Herein, we report two-dimensional carbide (MXene)-M2 macrophage exosome (Exo) nanohybrids (FM-Exo) for promoting diabetic wound repair by overcoming the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition. FM-Exo showed the sustained release of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exo) up to 7 days and exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In the high-glucose microenvironment, relative to the single Exo, FM-Exo could significantly induce the optimized M2a/M2c polarization ratio of macrophages by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, and angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. In the diabetic full-thickness wound model, FM-Exo effectively regulated the polarization status of macrophages and promoted their transition to the M2 phenotype, thereby inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis through VEGF secretion, and improving proper collagen deposition. As a result, the healing process was accelerated, leading to a better healing outcome with reduced scarring. Therefore, this study introduced a promising approach to address diabetic wounds by developing bioactive nanomaterials to regulate immune inhibition in a high-glucose environment.

The influence of interfaces represents a critical factor affecting the use of solid-state batteries (SSBs) in a wide range of practical industrial applications. However, our current understanding of this key issue remains somewhat limited. Therefore, this review presents the mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques associated with interfaces in SSBs. First, we compare liquid- and solid-state batteries and emphasize the challenges in solid-solid interfaces. Second, we discuss different aspects of interfaces including interphase formation, cathode-electrolyte interface, anode-electrolyte interface, and interparticle interface, which contain a detailed description of the formation mechanisms and current research. Third, the characterization strategies for effective interfacial observation and analysis are summarized and discussed. In particular, two unique characterization techniques, vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy and on-chip single-nanowire battery characterization, are highlighted. Lastly, we summarize the scientific issues associated with solid-solid interfaces and provide our perspectives to better understand the fundamental issues and improve the performance of SSBs.

Human bodily movements are primarily controlled by the contractions of skeletal muscles. Unlike joint or skeletal movements that are generally performed in the large displacement range, the contractions of the skeletal muscles that underpin these movements are subtle in intensity yet high in frequency. This subtlety of movement makes it a formidable challenge to develop wearable and durable soft materials to electrically monitor such motions with high fidelity for the purpose of, for example, muscle/neuromuscular disease diagnosis. Here we report that an intrinsically fragile ultralow-density graphene-based cellular monolith sandwiched between silicone rubbers can exhibit a highly effective stress and strain transfer mechanism at its interface with the rubber, with a remarkable improvement in stretchability (>100%). In particular, this hybrid also exhibits a highly sensitive, broadband-frequency electrical response (up to 180 Hz) for a wide range of strains. By correlating the mechanical signal of muscle movements obtained from this hybrid material with electromyography, we demonstrate that the strain sensor based on this hybrid material may provide a new, soft and wearable mechanomyography approach for real-time monitoring of complex neuromuscular–skeletal interactions in a broad range of healthcare and human–machine interface applications. This work also provides a new architecture-enabled functional soft material platform for wearable electronics.Stretchable graphene foam enables a new wearable mechanomyographic strategy for monitoring subtle yet fast skeletal muscular activities.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background:CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown great efficacy in patients with refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but was associated with serious adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It has been speculated that NHL baseline disease burden might affect clinical outcome and CRS, but such assumption has not been explored in detail in previous studies. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), calculated using FDG PET-CT, are quantitative indicators of baseline tumor burden.

Introduction:The source of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can be autologous or allogeneic, depending on the history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). For patients with a history of allo-HSCT, CAR T cells are allogeneic, which can be manufactured from donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (donor-derived allogeneic CAR T cells, DD-alloCAR) or patients' own PBMC (recipient-derived allogeneic CAR T cells, RD-alloCAR). Unlike autoCAR T cells, which are activated by CAR only, alloCAR T cells receive activation signals from both T-cell receptor and CAR. The difference could affect CAR T-cell biology, resulting in different clinical outcomes.

Introduction: In tumor cell immunity, T cells play a central regulatory role. T cells are divided into several major subsets based on different cell surface molecules to maintain the body's immune balance. Detection of T lymphocyte expression levels can assist in the dynamic analysis of changes in cellular immune function during treatment. CAR-T cell therapy is one of the most promising immune therapies in recent years. The current research focuses on the immune function of CAR-T cells, while ignoring the changes in the body immune system itself. In fact, the body's immune function plays an important role in the anti-tumor immune response, and the changes in the body immune system are likely to be the main reason of long-term maintenance of remission after CAR-T cells exhausted. In our study, we detect the changes of T lymphocyte subsets after CAR-T cell infusion, to explore the effect of CAR-T cell therapy on body immune system and its possible mechanism.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.