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The ability to survive in the harsh gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment is essential for Lactobacillus reuteri(L. reuteri) exhibiting beneficial effects. In this study, we found that the hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation of L. reuteriSH23 were significantly decreased and biofilm production was also significantly decreased when L. reuteriSH23 passes through the simulated GIT. Furthermore, according to the comparative transcriptome analysis, gene expression involved in the cell envelope, metabolic processes, common stress response, regulatory systems, and transporters were also affected. Meanwhile, label-free quantitative proteomics was used to identify the differential expression of surface proteins of L. reuteriin response to simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Proteins related to the ABC transporters (Lreu_0517, Lreu_0098, and Lreu_0296) and LPxTG anchor domain proteins were upregulated in the cell surface after gastrointestinal fluid treatment, which is useful for adherence and colonization of L. reuteriin the GIT. Additionally, the recombinant Mub protein could also enhance the survival ability of L. reuteriSH23 in GIT stress environment. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the adaptation and adhesion mechanisms of L. reuteriSH23 under the gastrointestinal tract by the transcriptomics and proteomics analysis, and mucus-binding proteins were involved in the adhesion and GIT tolerance process.

Metaverse platforms have become increasingly prevalent for collaboration in virtual environments. Metaverse platforms, as opposed to virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, expand with enhanced social meanings within virtual worlds. The research object in this study is the chime bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng, one of China's most treasured cultural heritage sites. We aimed to create a metaverse platform for the chime bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng to provide visitors with a highly immersive and interactive experience. First, we collected the materials and data of the chime bells and other exhibits, as well as historical information. Then, the data were processed and integrated for 3D model reconstruction. In addition, we designed the virtual roaming system through which visitors could interact with the exhibits to obtain multimedia information and even knock to ring the chime bells. Finally, we built our system to connect multiple visitors in different geographic locations and encourage them to collaborate and communicate within the virtual space. This platform helps users visualize cultural heritage, simulates real-life tour experiences with intuitive manners of interaction, and motivates visitors’ interest in traditional culture. This research also reveals the potential use of metaverse-related techniques in cultural heritage sectors.