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Context. The RAVE spectroscopic survey for galactic structure and evolution obtains 8400–8800 Å spectra at 7500 resolving power at the UK Schmidt Telescope using the 6dF multi-fiber positioner. More than 300 000 9 ≤IC≤12 and |b| ≥25° southern stars have been observed to date.

We have used spectra of hot stars from the RAVE Survey in order to investigate the visibility and properties of five diffuse interstellar bands previously reported in the literature. The RAVE spectroscopic survey for Galactic structure and kinematics records CCD spectra covering the 8400–8800 Å wavelength region at 7500 resolving power. The spectra are obtained with the UK Schmidt at the AAO, equipped with the 6dF multi-fiber positioner. The DIB at 8620.4 Å is by far the strongest and cleanest of all DIBs occurring within the RAVE wavelength range, with no interference by underlying absorption stellar lines in hot stars. It correlates so tightly with reddening that it turns out to be a reliable tool to measure it, following the relation $E_{B-V} = 2.72 (\pm 0.03)\times EW~$(Å), valid throughout the general interstellar medium of our Galaxy. The presence of a DIB at 8648 Å is confirmed. Its intensity appears unrelated to reddening, in agreement with scanty and preliminary reports available in the literature, and its measurability is strongly compromised by severe blending with underlying stellar He I doublet at 8649 Å. The two weak DIBs at 8531 and 8572 Å do not appear real and should actually be blends of underlying stellar lines. The very weak DIB at 8439 Å cannot be resolved within the profile of the much stronger underlying hydrogen Paschen 18 stellar line.

We analyze the distribution of G and K type stars towards the Galactic poles using RAVE and ELODIE radial velocities, 2MASS photometric star counts, and UCAC2 proper motions. The combination of photometric and 3D kinematic data allows us to disentangle and describe the vertical distribution of dwarfs, sub-giants and giants and their kinematics.
We identify discontinuities within the kinematics and magnitude counts that separate the thin disk, thick disk and a hotter component. The respective scale heights of the thin disk and thick disk are 225 ±10 pc and 1048 ±36 pc. We also constrain the luminosity function and the kinematic distribution function. The existence of a kinematic gap between the thin and thick disks is incompatible with the thick disk having formed from the thin disk by a continuous process, such as scattering of stars by spiral arms or molecular clouds. Other mechanisms of formation of the thick disk such as “created on the spot” or smoothly “accreted” remain compatible with our findings.

The ISOGAL project is an infrared survey of specific regions sampling the Galactic Plane selected to provide information on Galactic structure, stellar populations, stellar mass-loss and the recent star formation history of the inner disk and Bulge of the Galaxy. ISOGAL combines 7 and 15 μm ISOCAM observations – with a resolution of 6″ at worst – with DENIS IJKsdata to determine the nature of the sources and the interstellar extinction. We have observed about 16 square degrees with a sensitivity approaching 10–20 mJy, detecting ~105sources, mostly AGB stars, red giants and young stars. The main features of the ISOGAL survey and the observations are summarized in this paper, together with a brief discussion of data processing and quality. The primary ISOGAL products are described briefly (a full desciption is given in Schuller et al. 2003): viz. the images and the ISOGAL–DENIS five-wavelength point source catalogue. The main scientific results already derived or in progress are summarized. These include astrometrically calibrated 7 and 15 μm images, determining structures of resolved sources; identification and properties of interstellar dark clouds; quantification of the infrared extinction law and source dereddening; analysis of red giant and (especially) AGB stellar populations in the central Bulge, determining luminosity, presence of circumstellar dust and mass-loss rate, and source classification, supplemented in some cases by ISO/CVF spectroscopy; detection of young stellar objects of diverse types, especially in the inner Bulge with information about the present and recent star formation rate; identification of foreground sources with mid-IR excess. These results are the subject of about 25 refereed papers published or in preparation.

Cardiac surgery is the first of any therapeutic discipline to attempt to establish a major international registry on a patient-by-patient basis. Being the first necessarily imposes a challenge since no rules or guidelines exist. Possibilities and boundaries must be identified.

Summary Material from hearts known to have had recent myocardial infarction and biopsies of dog hearts subjected to an experimental procedure producing ischaemic injury, were examined by polarising microscopy. A technique which depends on the relaxation of sarcomeres on ischaemic areas of myocardia was used and assessed for its value in the diagnosis of early myocardial infarction. We found no statistically significant difference in sarcomere lengths in ischaemic and control heart muscle in man. The dog study failed to show changes with a study period of up to 2 h after ligation. We do not support the suggestion that sarcomere length is a useful measurement in the demonstration of early myocardial ischaemic injury in man.

Abstract: The internal quality of the potato going into storage is an important parameter for proper storage management. Unfortunately, a rapid and accurate estimate of this parameter is not available. Respiration analysis has potential to be such a guide. This paper reports work completed during the 1978–79 storage season comparing respiration analysis with the important storage indicators of maturity, dry matter, invert sugars, harvest injury, bruise susceptibility and weight loss. Harvests were made at biweekly intervals over a ten-week period. Samples were evaluated in the respirometer for ten days, then placed in storage at 6°C for six months. Following storage, respiration and invert sugar analyses were reported. Evaluations of bruise susceptibility were made on each harvest date and bruise evaluation of several different harvesters made on the last date. The treatments with the highest invert sugar content and greatest weight loss also had the highest respiration rates.

Oxidative phosphorylation of sugarbeet root mitochondria isolated from 11 hybrids and their parental inbreds, and of mixtures of mitochondria from the parental inbreds, were measured at four different sampling stages, (Aug. 1–7, Sept. 1–7, roots stored at 5°C, and regrowth of stored roots). Mitochondrial complementation (the increased efficiency or ADP:0 ratio of mixtures of inbred mitochondria) was calculated for each hybrid at each stage. When beets were growing rapidly (Aug. 1–7) it was small but at the other stages it was absent. Only at the Aug. 1–7 sampling stage was there a significant correlation (0.75) between mitochondrial complementation and root weight heterosis.

Discordant atrioventricular (AV) connection is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Associated cardiac defects modify the physiology, clinical presentation, and surgical management of these patients. We have reviewed our overall experience with 90 patients operated for lesions associated with AV discordance between 1975-1990.

To evaluate the results of closure of muscular ventricular septal defects through a left thoracotomy.

Iron chlorosis-like symptoms developed in the terminal leaves of susceptible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Astro') plants when grown in growth chambers containing low pressure sodium (LPS) lamps that are deficient in UV and blue wavelengths. Plants grown under broad-band radiation, provided by cool white fluorescent lamps, did not develop chlorosis. Ultrastructural and metabolic investigations examined the progress of chlorosis in leaves of plants exposed to nutrient end radiation stress under LPS lamps. Addition of full-strength Hoagland's #1 nutrient solution or Peter's* 20-20-20 fertilizer to plants grown under LPS lamps resulted in the degradation of maturing chloroplasts in the terminal leaves. After the starch reserves were depleted, the internal membrane system degenerated. Well-formed grana, characteristic of normal chloroplasts, were degraded, giving rise to spherical membrane structures. Chlorophyll and protein were lost and granular accumulations formed in the chloroplasts. This paper discusses the stability of the chloroplasts and mesophyll under LPS radiation and evaluates the ability of the leaves to regreen when the plants are subjected to favorable radiation and nutrient conditions. Soil application of urea and EDU, along with foliar application of sucrose, promoted regreening of the chlorotic leaves. It was concluded that chlorosis in LPS-grown plants resulted from photodegradation of the more mature chloroplasts rather than from inhibition of lamellar development due to Fe deficiency.

School-based programs targeting the prevention of tobacco use are a key strategy for reducing the overall tobacco-related mortality and morbidity in the community. While substantial research investment has resulted in the identification of various effective tobacco prevention interventions in schools, this research investment will not result in public health benefits, unless effectively disseminated and implemented. This rapid review aimed to identify effective implementation or dissemination interventions, targeting the adoption of school-based tobacco prevention programs. A systematic search was conducted to identify published systematic reviews that examined the effectiveness of implementation and dissemination strategies for facilitating the adoption of tobacco policies or programs in schools from 1992 to 2012. The search yielded 1028 results, with one relevant systematic review being identified. The review included two controlled studies examining the implementation and dissemination of tobacco prevention programs and guidelines. The two randomised trials examined the delivery of active face-to-face training to implement a school-based curriculum compared with video-delivered or mail-based training. Improvements in the implementation of the programs were reported for the faceto-face training arm in both trials. Little rigorous evidence exists to guide the implementation and dissemination of tobacco prevention programs in schools. Few systematic reviews exist to inform the implementation of evidence-based tobacco prevention programs in schools. In the absence of a strong evidence base, health care policymakers and practitioners may need to draw on setting-based frameworks or parallel evidence from other settings to design strategies to facilitate the adoption of tobacco prevention initiatives. A rapid review of the literature was conducted to identify reviews of implementation or dissemination strategies targeting the adoption of school-based tobacco prevention programs. Only one systematic review that included two randomised controlled trials was identified. Such findings suggest the need for more reviews of implementation research in this area.

The effect of paraffin and a commercial wax coating on the respiration rate and weight loss of large and small sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) roots was determined. Wax coatings on sugarbeets were most beneficial in reducing respiration rates under conditions where rates were high and gaseous diffusion became a dominant factor in regulating respiration rates. The respiration rate of the beet root was primarily a function of the internal oxygen concentration for a given size of beet. The internal oxygen concentration reflects the resistance of the beet to gaseous diffusion and surface area. The sensitivity of the internal oxygen concentration to increased diffusion resistance makes surface coating appear to be a practical method of lowering internal 02and thus reducing respiration losses. The observation that wax coatings reduce desiccation and respiration rates suggests that spraying surface beets with a wax coating and then covering them with straw may prevent desiccation on the surface of commercial storage piles and thus reduce sucrose losses.

Post‐harvest respiration rates were measured on whole sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) roots from 97 inbred and hybrid breeding lines to determine the magnitude of the genetic variability. Measurements were made between 50 and 160 days of storage at 5 C on 19 hybrids and inbreds grown at two locations; on eight hybrids and inbreds in 2 successive years; and on 76 inbreds. A high correlation (r=0.90**) existed between the loss of sucrose and respiration rate. The respiration rate of the entries varied between years and between locations, but relative rankings remained consistent (rs=0.87** and 0.81**, respectively). The Spearman's coefficient for respiration rates between locations was similar to those for yield (rs=0.77**) and sucrose content (rs=0.89**). Single‐cross hybrids respired at a lower rate than the midparent mean and, in several cases, lower than the lowest component inbred. A range of 2.5‐fold in respiration rate was found within the 76 inbreds. No correlation existed between sucrose content or root size and respiration rate. Sufficient genetic variability exists within sugarbeet genotypes to sustain a breeding program designed to develop low‐respiring breeding lines.

A 2‐year study of root respiration rate was conducted for eight sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) inbreds and their 28 diallel crosses in 1974 and nine inbreds and their 36 diallel crosses in 1975. Objectives were to determine the potential of selection and breeding to reduce sugar losses in storage. Hybrids usually showed a lower respiration rate than either inbred parent. Heterosis for low respiration rate was observed both years. General and specific combining ability was significant, indicating that respiration rate is governed in part by both additive and non‐additive gene acton. Thus, selection to reduce storage sugar losses due to respiration can be effective in sugarbeets. Selection for low respiration rate will not adversely affect root yield or sugar content.

Growth rate and root mltochondrial oxidative phosphorylation measurements were made on sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) to examine the relationships between these important factors. Measurements were made on eight hybrids and their inbred parents on four dates in 1971 and on two hybrids and their inbred parents at bi‐weekly intervals in 1972. Hybrids had faster growth rates (root and total weight) and more efficient mitochondria (larger ADP:0 ratios) than their inbred parents. Root mitochondrial measurements [RC (respiratory control) ratio, ADP:0 ratio, and state‐3 (ADP stimulated respiration) oxidation rate] made in 1971 were largest when plants were growing most rapidly (Aug. I to 7) and smallest in stored roots (Nov. 15). In 1972, mitochondrial efficiency (ADP:0 ratio) measurements departed from growth‐rate measurements in the early and latter part of the growing season but were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.87) with root fresh weight and total dry weight from early July to mid‐October. A close relationship was obtained between root mitochondrial efficiency (ADP:0 ratio) and growth rate throughout the major part of the growing season.

Storage of sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) root in controlled atmospheres showed no consistent effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide on raffinose, reducing sugar, or amino acid content in the varieties studied. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage reduced the tendency of one variety to accumulate reducing sugars, but showed no consistent improvement in the other varieties tested Carbon dioxide concentrations up to 10% had no beneficial effect on sucrose conservation or impurity accumulation. Although decreasing the oxygen content to 3 to 5% significantly reduced storage losses of sucrose in these experiments, large‐scale studies will be required to determine if CA storage has any practical advantage over low‐temperature storage in air.

Physiologically active mitochondria were isolated from roots of 10‐week old sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) inbreds and hybrids as well as inbreds in the bolting stage of growth. Mitochondrial oxidation and phosphorylation (ADP:O and R:C ratios) using alpha‐ketoglutarate substrate were measured for each inbred, 1:1 mixtures of the inbreds, and for the hybridsi The 1:1 mixtures of inbreds had APD:0 and R:C ratios higher than either inbred parent for combinations that exhibit heterosis for root yield (complementation), and ADP‐O and R:C ratios between the two inbred parents for combinations that do not show heterosis. Heterotic hybrids had ADP:O and R:C ratios slightly higher than those of the l:l mixlures.

Context.Galactic archaeology aims to determine the evolution of the Galaxy from the chemical and kinematical properties of its individual stars. This requires the analysis of data from large spectroscopic surveys, with sample sizes in tens of thousands at present, with millions of stars being reached in the near future. Such large samples require automated analysis techniques and classification algorithms to obtain robust estimates of the stellar parameter values. Several on-going and planned spectroscopic surveys have selected their wavelength region to contain the IR Ca ii triplet (~λλ8500  Å) and the work presented in this paper focuses on the automatic analysis of such spectra.

Context.In the era of large spectroscopic surveys, Galactic archaeology aims to understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way by means of large datasets. In particular, the kinematic and chemical study of the thick disc can give valuable information on the merging history of the Milky Way.

We apply the method of Burnett & Binney (2010, MNRAS, 407, 339) for the determination of stellar distances and parameters to the internal catalogue of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE; Steinmetz et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1645). Subsamples of stars that either have Hipparcos parallaxes or belong to well-studied clusters inspire confidence in the formal errors. Distances to dwarfs cooler than  ~6000   K appear to be unbiased, but those to hotter dwarfs tend to be too small by  ~10% of the formal errors. Distances to giants tend to be too large by about the same amount. The median distance error in the whole sample of 216 000 stars is 28% and the error distribution is similar for both giants and dwarfs. Roughly half the stars in the RAVE survey are giants. The giant fraction is largest at low latitudes and in directions towards the Galactic Centre. Near the plane the metallicity distribution is remarkably narrow and centred on  [M/H] =  −0.04   dex; with increasing |z| it broadens out and its median moves to  [M/H] ≃  −0.5. Mean age as a function of distance from the Galactic centre and distance |z| from the Galactic plane shows the anticipated increase in mean age with |z|.

The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is a spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way which already collected over 400000 spectra of  ~330000 different stars. We use the subsample of spectra with spectroscopically determined values of stellar parameters to determine the distances to these stars. The list currently contains 235064 high quality spectra which show no peculiarities and belong to 210872 different stars. The numbers will grow as the RAVE survey progresses. The public version of the catalog will be made available through the CDS services along with the ongoing RAVE public data releases.

Aims. We develop a method for deriving distances from spectroscopic data and obtaining full 6D phase-space coordinates for the RAVE survey's second data release.Methods. We used stellar models combined with atmospheric properties from RAVE (effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity) and (J-Ks) photometry from archival sources to derive absolute magnitudes. In combination with apparent magnitudes, sky coordinates, proper motions from a variety of sources and radial velocities from RAVE, we are able to derive the full 6D phase-space coordinates for a large sample of RAVE stars. This method is tested with artificial data, Hipparcos trigonometric parallaxes and observations of the open cluster M 67.Results. When we applied our method to a set of 16 146 stars, we found that 25% (4037) of the stars have relative (statistical) distance errors of <35%, while 50% (8073) and 75% (12 110) have relative (statistical) errors smaller than 45% and 50%, respectively. Our various tests show that we can reliably estimate distances for main-sequence stars, but there is an indication of potential systematic problems with giant stars owing to uncertainties in the underlying stellar models. For the main-sequence star sample (defined as those with log(g) > 4), 25% (1744) have relative distance errors <31%, while 50% (3488) and 75% (5231) have relative errors smaller than 36% and 42%, respectively. Our full dataset shows the expected decrease in the metallicity of stars as a function of distance from the Galactic plane. The known kinematic substructures in the Uand Vvelocity components of nearby dwarf stars are apparent in our dataset, confirming the accuracy of our data and the reliability of our technique. We provide independent measurements of the orientation of the UVvelocity ellipsoid and of the solar motion, and they are in very good agreement with previous work.Conclusions. The distance catalogue for the RAVE second data release is available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~rave, and will be updated in the future to include new data releases.

Aims. We develop a method for deriving distances from spectroscopic data and obtaining full 6D phase-space coordinates for the RAVE survey's second data release.

Seven hundred and twenty three biopsies were obtained from 20 dogs after coronary artery ligation for 5, 30, 45, 60 or 120 min (n=4 dogs for each group). Paired values for blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and tissue ATP content were obtained for each biopsy and related to the duration of ischaemia. Three states of ischaemic injury could be recognised. In the first, designated as "tolerable" ischaemia, coronary flow was reduced by up to 50%. In this flow band, ATP depletion was relatively small and time-independent. If flow was reduced by 60 to 80%, a state of "critical" ischaemia was identified where ATP depletion was both flow- and time-dependent and, in this relatively narrow range, small changes in flow or duration could result in major changes in ATP depletion. With severe flow reductions of greater than 80%, designated as "lethal" ischaemia, a complex pattern emerged such that with up to 30 min of ischaemia, ATP fell progressively with increasing time and flow deprivation. Between 30 and 45 min ATP depletion accelerated and beyond 45 min the time-dependency disappeared with tissue ATP content remaining relatively constant at a severely depressed level for several hours. All of these results are discussed in the light of earlier proposals (disputed) that tissue injury as expressed by ATP depletion can be predicted by the product of ischaemic duration and flow deprivation.

Following pulmonary arterial constriction, 22 pigs developed right ventricular failure and 10 right ventricular hypertrophy. Comparing results with those obtained in 21 normal pigs (no pulmonary artery constriction), it was found the right ventricular peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures, cardiac output, and right ventricular weight distinguished hypertrophied and failing hearts from normal ones. Cardiac output was lower in failing hearts than in hypertrophied hearts and was the only variable which significantly differentiated between these two groups. Left ventricular pressures and left ventricular and right ventricular dP/dt_max, and maximum [(dP/dt) / P] did not distinguish failing from hypertrophied hearts. Left ventricular pressure, maximum [(dP/dt) / P] and left ventricular and right ventricular dP/dt_max were not significantly different in the three groups.