Search

Leaf color mutations provide valuable genetic resources for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and serve as efficient tools for screening offspring in crossbreeding. In this study, a Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) mutant with yellow‐green leaves (yl1) was isolated from 60Co‐γ‐radiation mutation bank. Compared to wild type (WT), yl1showed similar biomass and yield, despite a lower chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. However, yl1displayed significantly higher total phosphorus content after 14 days of medium and low phosphorus treatment. By using yl1as the maternal parent, hybrid offspring could be visually distinguished at the cotyledon stage. Genetic analysis revealed that the yl1phenotype was attributed to a single recessive mutation. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified 205 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 123 differential expressed genes enriched in 30 pathways or metabolisms between yl1and WT. Remarkably, the upregulation of SPX3, 5PTase2, PHO1, PAP3, PAP2, PAP7, and IPAP16, which are involved in enhancing phosphorus absorption, assimilation, transport, and remobilization, along with PLDζ1, GDPD1, MGD2, and NPC4L, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism, collectively resulted in high accumulation of 41 phosphorus‐containing DEMs (including 37 lipids) in yl1. This study emphasizes the potential of yl1for effective screening of offspring and uncovers the interplay between photosynthesis and lipid metabolism, providing valuable insights to improve phosphorus use efficiency in Tartary buckwheat. yl1was available for efficient offspring screening at the cotyledon stage.Altered lipid metabolism partly compensated for insufficient photosynthesis to sustain yl1growth.yl1had candidate genes with potential to improve phosphorus use efficiency.yl1, resulting from a single recessive locus mutation, displayed yellow‐green leaves without growth suppression.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value. However, abundant antinutritional factors (ANFs) reduces its health benefits. As reported, germination can improve the nutritional profile of grains. In this study, we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds (TB) and Tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBS) used as high active ingredients. After evaluating nutrition levels, bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating, 5th-day TBS were selected as the raw material. C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water, TB, or TBS for 6 weeks. The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined. Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota, and organs. Additionally, upon TB intake, the Fe3+content in serum, trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased, while the cytokine, IgE, and histamine levels in serum, water content in faeces, cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased. Conversely, TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect. Altogether, TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.

ABSTRACTStem lodging can limit the grain yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), and creates difficulties in harvesting. A 2-year study was conducted to study the relationships between stem characteristics and lodging resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Six Tartary buckwheat cultivars with three stem types (short-stemmed XQ1 and CQ1; mid-length stemmed YQ1 and QK3; and tall-stemmed DAB and DN1) were used. The stem characteristics differed significantly among the three stem types. Mid-length stems had the thickest stem wall, the greatest numbers of large and small vascular bundles, and the lowest stem diameter/stem wall thickness ratio among the three stem types. Mid-length stems had the highest stem breaking strength (SBS) and stem puncture strength (SPS) among the three types of stem. The lignin content was significantly higher in mid-length stems than in tall and short stems. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), but not 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), differed significantly among the three stem types. In correlation analyses, SBS was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter, stem wall thickness, and the number of large and small vascular bundles, but significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter/stem wall thickness and lodging rate. The lignin content was significantly positively correlated with the activities of lignin-related enzymes and with SBS and SPS, and significantly negatively correlated with lodging rate. The present study provides preliminary insights into the relationship between stem traits and lodging resistance in Tartary buckwheat, laying a foundation for a further understanding of lodging resistance.AbbreviationsSBS: stem breaking strength; SPS: stem puncture strength; PAL: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; TAL: tyrosine ammonia-lyase; CAD: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; 4CL: 4-coumarate: CoA ligase.

Heavy truck tires are one of the main sources of road traffic noise. However, the mechanism and propagation of the noise generated by these tires have not been systematically investigated. To determine the noise of heavy truck tires with different structures and patterns, and to analyze the correlation between the indoor tire noise and coast-by tire noise, an integrated tire indoor noise test and a coast-by noise test were designed and successfully implemented. The indoor test was conducted on a drum inside a semi-anechoic chamber to simultaneously measure the near field and far field noise of the tires. The outdoor measurements were carried out using a coast-by test on the new ISO 10844 surface. A formula for quantitative analysis with appropriate corrections was developed to analyze the data with reasonable errors, which can be used to predict the coast-by noise through the indoor tire noise test accurately and effectively. The analysis shows that when trying to build the relationship between indoor and outdoor heavy truck tire noise, care should be taken to differentiate the tires with a load capacity index in excess of 121 and without any dual fitting indication from ordinary tires, due to the specified test procedure.

AbstractSoybean is the most common resource of isoflavonoid in human food. Wide development of relay strip intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Due to the shading from maize, growth and grain production of soybean is reduced. However, whether soybean isoflavonoid accumulation pattern is influenced in the relay strip intercropping system is still unclear. Here, we studied the accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones in the relay strip intercropping system and sole cropping system at the per-harvest stage. The accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones at the postharvest stage were also studied. The results indicated that accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones of all varieties in leaf and seed in the two systems were similar, but the trend was delayed in the relay strip intercropping system compared with the sole cropping system. During the pod filling stage, the total content of isoflavone, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed in the relay strip intercropping system were lower than those in the sole cropping system. During the after-ripening period, seed isoflavone content, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed increased in both systems, but were higher in the relay strip intercropping system. The temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were significantly lower in relay intercropping than in sole cropping, while relative humidity showed the opposite trend. Path analysis showed that total isoflavone content in leaves and seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Correlation analysis between the highest isoflavone content in sole cropping or relay intercropping seeds and agronomic traits revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of both branches and pods with total isoflavone, M-type isoflavone and G-type isoflavone in both systems.