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3-D placement is an important stage in 3-D physical synthesis. In addition to the need to place the standard cells or Macros inside the die, the placement of interdie connections also needs to be considered. As the density of the interdie connections gradually increases, their placement becomes more critical. However, unlike standard cells, the interdie connection does not need to be aligned into rows, which leads to a larger legalization solution space. Legalization aims at minimizing the total and maximum displacement to maintain the quality of global placement on the premise of no violation of the physical circuit constraint. In this article, we propose a two-stage legalization approach (NGLIC) for nonaligned-row interdie connections. In the initial stage, a single-row height legalization algorithm is used for dense placement. Afterward, the unequal multirow height legalization (UML) is designed for sparse placement in the post-optimization stage. A pruning scheme is adopted to identify and eliminate redundant computations. The performance, effectiveness, and configuration are analyzed empirically based on ICCAD 2022 benchmarks. Compared to the state-of-the-art multirow or single-row height legalization, our approach outperforms well-known algorithms, such as multirow global legalization (MGL) and Abacus by at least 24% averaged total displacement, 3% averaged maximum displacement, and 31% averaged HPWL Growth. Our case study also illustrates the effectiveness of UML and NGLIC. In addition, the effectiveness of pruning is also validated by experiments that show savings of 33% redundant computations.

Unsupervised domain adaptation has attracted widespread attention as a promising method to solve the labeling difficulties of semantic segmentation tasks. It trains a segmentation network for unlabeled real target images using easily available labeled virtual source images. To improve performance, clustering is used to obtain domain-invariant feature representations. However, most clustering-based methods indiscriminately cluster all features mapped by category from both domains, causing the centroid shift and affecting the generation of discriminative features. We propose a novel clustering-based method that uses an adaptive refining-aggregation-separation framework, which learns the discriminative features by designing different adaptive schemes for different domains and features. The clustering does not require any tunable thresholds. To estimate more accurate domain-invariant centroids, we design different ways to guide the adaptive refinement of different domain features. A critic is proposed to directly evaluate the confidence of target features to solve the absence of target labels. We introduce a domain-balanced aggregation loss and two adaptive separation losses for distance and similarity respectively, which can discriminate clustering features by combining the refinement strategy to improve segmentation performance. Experimental results on GTA $5\rightarrow $ Cityscapes and SYNTHIA $\rightarrow $ Cityscapes benchmarks show that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

Nitrocellulose, or cellulose nitrate, has received considerable interest due to its various applications, such as propellants, coating agents and gas generators. However, its high mechanical sensitivity caused many accidents during its storage and usage in ammunition. In this work, two kinds of insensitive step ladder-structured nitrocellulose (LNC) with different nitrogen contents were synthesized. The products were characterized by FT-IR, Raman, XRD, SEM, elemental analysis, TGA, DSC, accelerating rate calorimeter analysis (ARC), and drop weight test to study their molecular structure, thermal characteristics and desensitization performance. Compared with raw nitrocellulose, LNC has a sharper exothermic peak in the DSC and ARC curves. The H50values of the two kinds of LNC increased from 25.76 to 30.01 cm for low nitrogen content and from 18.02 to 21.84 cm for high nitrogen content, respectively. The results show that the ladder-structure of LNC which provides regular molecular arrangement and a soft buffer made with polyethylene glycol could affect the energy releasing process of LNC and reduce the sensitivity of LNC. Insensitive LNC provides an alternative to be used as a binder in insensitive propellants formulation.

Revealing the structure–optical property relationship of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) species (AIEgens) and achieving the synergy between AIE and antenna effect are challenging. Herein, we study the emission behaviors of three AIE ligands with tetraphenyl structures, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (L1), 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine (L2), and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethylene (L3), and find their ladder-shaped emission wavelength. In combination with terephthalic acid (L0), we construct a staff gauge from L0to L3to realize different sensitization for Ln3+from the sensitization of both Eu3+and Tb3+to single Eu3+and then to non-sensitization. We proposed the threshold value of 5000 cm–1for complete sensitization from the different optical behaviors and energy levels of the lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs). Coplanar degree of L1–L3is proposed to explain their optical behaviors and different sensitization. Thus, we revealed the connection among the energy levels, emission wavelength, and their effect on antenna effect for AIE ligands. L1-Eu MOF exhibits a dual emission with a porous property and is used for ratiometric fluorescent detection and removal of F–.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are mediators of intestinal immunity and barrier function. Recent studies have investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) in ILC3s, whereas the mTORC1-related mechanisms and crosstalk between mTORC1 and mTORC2 involved in regulating ILC3 homeostasis remain unknown. In this study, we found that mTORC1 but not mTORC2 was critical in ILC3 development, IL-22 production, and ILC3-mediated intestinal homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that mTORC1 deficiency led to disruption of ILC3 heterogeneity, showing an increase in differentiation into ILC1-like phenotypes. Mechanistically, mTORC1 deficiency decreased the expression of NFIL3, which is a critical transcription factor responsible for ILC3 development. The activities of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 were increased in wild-type ILC3s after activation by IL-23, whereas inhibition of mTORC1 by Raptordeletion or rapamycin treatment resulted in increased mTORC2 activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that S6K, the main downstream target of mTORC1, can directly phosphorylate Rictor to dampen mTORC2 activity. Our data found that inhibition of mTORC1 activity by rapamycin reduced Rictor phosphorylation in ILC3s. Reversing the increased mTORC2 activity viaheterozygous or homozygous knockout of Rictorin Raptor-deleted ILC3s resulted in severe ILC3 loss and complete susceptibility to intestinal infection in mice with mTORC1 deficiency (100% mortality). Thus, mTORC1 acts as a rheostat of ILC3 heterogeneity, and mTORC2 protects ILC3s from severe loss of cells and immune activity against intestinal infection when mTORC1 activity is diminished.

The emergence of computer applications often encounter huge volumes of data which need to be stored and processed in a distributed way. Most of the existing distributed feature selection schemes neglect how good the subsets are that are mapped to the computational nodes, which causes a waste of time and hardware resources. In this paper, we propose a distributed integrated feature selection scheme (DIFS) with Subset Quality Evaluation (SQE). SQE studies the relevance between the quality of a subset and the number of selected features from this subset, which helps shorten the feature selection time efficiently. Feature selection algorithms used in our method and the evaluation metric used in SQE are integrable. Then, we have given the implementation of our scheme for the Column Subset Selection (CSS) problem. More specifically, we integrate a CSS algorithm in DIFS and information entropy as the SQE metric. Theoretically, we prove that the speedup of DIFS can reach $m^3$m3 compared to the centralized algorithm in ideal situations where $m$m is the number of computational nodes, and give a well bounded approximation guarantee of the solution generated by scheme for CSS problem. Extensive experiments on eight data sets are used to verify the performance of scheme. Experiments results demonstrate the effectiveness of SQE and the impressive speedup DIFS can achieve. Although there is a slight increase of the reconstruction error value in some situations. Additional experiments of classification tasks reveal that the performance of DIFS is better than existing state-of-the-art distributed algorithms.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and the gut microbiota is closely related to obesity-induced diseases. However, whether the gut microbiota is involved in regulating obesity-induced AF has not been studied. This study investigated whether gut microbiota dysbiosis affects obesity-related AF.

In this article, we consider the distributed fault-tolerant resilient consensus problem for heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) under both physical failures and network denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Different from the existing consensus results, the dynamic model of the leader is unknown for all followers in this article. To learn this unknown dynamic model under the influence of DoS attacks, a distributed resilient learning algorithm is proposed by using the idea of data-driven. Based on the learned dynamic model of the leader, a distributed resilient estimator is designed for each agent to estimate the states of the leader. Then, a new adaptive fault-tolerant resilient controller is designed to resist the effect of physical failures and network DoS attacks. Moreover, it is shown that the consensus can be achieved with the proposed learning-based fault-tolerant resilient control method. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Helicon waves have been proposed for efficient off-axis current drive in high-performance tokamaks. The HL-2M tokamak will be operated with high plasma beta approaching to βN∼4.0%, which provides a good platform to apply helicon wave system in the machine. Based on the helicon wave dispersion relation, effects of electron Landau damping and transit time magnetic pumping on wave absorption are analyzed according to the HL-2M plasma, and then, an optimized scheme of helicon wave parameter is proposed. The evolution of helicon wave electric field and produced current drive are calculated by the AORSA full-wave code. It shows that current drive efficiency of 100 kA/MW can be generally received in the machine. Moreover, the AORSA results are actively benchmarked with the ray-tracing code, and the results show a good consistency. Finally, the numerical convergence and the consumption of computation resources on grid point numbers in AORSA code are discussed.

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIncreased work of breathing or fatigue of respiratory muscles has been suggested to reduce exercise performance.PURPOSEThe present study investigated the effects of continuous inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) on the responsiveness of corticospinal pathway innervating the vastus lateralis (VL) to determine whether respiratory muscle fatigue affects the central motor output to exercising limb muscles.METHODSEight subjects underwent a 6-min IRB trial three times (IRB1–3) in two experiments. During each IRB trial, the subjects performed voluntary hyperventilation through a mask attached with an inspiratory resistive load (approximately 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax)). In Experiment 1, PImax was measured at baseline and after each IRB trial. In Experiment 2, VL responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods were assessed during 5 s isometric knee extension at an intensity of 15% of the maximal voluntary contraction over the same time course as in Experiment 1.RESULTSPImax decreased from baseline after IRB2 and IRB3 (P < 0.05). MEPs increased from baseline after IRB1 and IRB2 (P < 0.05), whereas MEPs after IRB3 were not significantly different from baseline. Cortical silent periods did not change from baseline after IRB1 and IRB2, whereas cortical silent periods after IRB3 increased from baseline (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that as inspiratory muscle fatigue progresses, the corticospinal tract controlling the lower limb muscles can shift from excitatory dominance to inhibitory dominance as a whole, affecting the central motor output to working limb muscles.

The PSCs are prepared under two environments to explore the effect of excessive PbI2at initial days, which revealing the excess PbI2and its evolution in perovskite thin films.

It remains unclear whether alterations in brain function occur in the early stage of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). We aimed to examine changes in spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) in children with T1DM using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to pinpoint potential links between neural changes and cognitive performance.

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ABSTRACTMonocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been reported to cause right heart failure (RHF). Moreover, Right heart diseases have been determined to cause ventricular arrhythmia (VA). So we can conclude that MCT-induced PAH increases the incidence of VA. In addition, Previous studies have determined the benefits of Dapagliflozin (DA) on the cardiac system, but the responses of MCT-induced RHF to DA are not fully reported. So the present study sought to evaluate the effects of DA on the MCT-induced PAH. A dose intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) was carried out to induce a rat model with PAH. DA (60 mg/l) was administered for 4 weeks following MCT injection. Echocardiography, body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, electrophysiological study, and Western blot were performed. Four weeks after the MCT injection, MCT-treated rats decreased body weight, blood glucose and blood pressure. In addition, MCT caused the formation of PAH and RHF. Moreover, MCT-induced PAH rats increased the incidence of VA, prolonged action potential duration (APD), and shortened effective refractory period (ERP). Additionally, PAH rats significantly prevented the activated expressions of Ion channel proteins such as potassium channel (Kv1.5, Kv2.1, Kv4.2, Kv4.3) and L-type Ca channel (Cav1.2). As we expected, these changes above in PAH rats were reversed when DA was administered. Mechanistically, DA significantly reduced the levels of toll-like receptor (TLR4), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in MCT-treated rats. In conclusion, these findings determine that DA reduces the vulnerability of VA in PAH rats through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

As a traditional ornamental flower, rhododendrons are increasingly used in landscaping and urban greening. In this study, we surveyed 49 urban green areas and 134 sample sites in Nanjing, China, according to the functional type and administrative area of each green area using typical sampling and quadrat methods. We calculated the Rhododendronshrub community quantitative characteristics index and community diversity index to evaluate the species diversity of each Rhododendronshrub community. Additionally, the indicators of rhododendron planting in each sample site were counted to understand the characteristics of the application of rhododendrons in Nanjing’s urban green space and to identify the problems. According to the Simpson index and Shannon–Wiener index of the Rhododendronshrub community, road green space and Xuanwu District have relatively higher species diversity, while the Pielou index indicates that road green space and Jianye District have relatively higher species evenness. A total of 11 Rhododendroncultivars were found in this survey, among which R. simsii‘ZiHuDie’ was the most widely used cultivar in Nanjing urban greenery; however, this result shows that the applied Rhododendroncultivars are too homogeneous. This study highlights problems affecting Nanjing urban greening and can be used as a reference for future Rhododendronbreeding research.

Compared with organic solar cells (OSCs) adopting conventional architecture, inverted OSCs have offered generally better stability, where ZnO is the most widely used electron transporting layer (ETL) material. For ZnO-based inverted OSCs, a well-tuned interface of organic (active layer)-inorganic (ZnO film) with matched surface energy (γS) is critical for both high performance and high stability. In this work, two typical calixarenes, C4A and BuC4A, were employed as the tuning agents to adjust this organic-inorganic interface for ZnO-based inverted OSCs. As a result, with PM6:L8-BO as the active layer, significantly promoted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 17.14% (for ZnO) to 18.25% (for ZnO/C4A) and 17.80% (for ZnO/BuC4A) were achieved. Photodynamic studies indicate that the enhanced performance is due to the faster charge extraction process, the suppressed recombination and more ideal internal electric field in ZnO/calixarene-based devices. In addition, well-matched interface energy and more ordered molecular aggregation in active layer effectively improved photostability and thermal stability for ZnO/calixarene-based devices. These results indicate that calixarenes could act as effective modifying agents of ZnO to improve inverted OSCs’ performance and stability simultaneously, and likely also stimulate calixarenes’ and other macromolecules’ broader studies in other organic electronic devices.

ABSTRACTCardiac dysfunction is a common complication of sepsis, and is attributed to severe inflammatory responses. Ferroptosis is reported to be involved in sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation. Therefore, we speculated that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, improves cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis. An intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to induce a rat cardiac dysfunction model. Echocardiography, cardiac histopathology, biochemical and western blot results were analyzed. Twelve hours after the LPS injection, LPS-treated rats exhibited deteriorating cardiac systolic function, increased levels of cardiac injury markers and levels of ferroptosis markers prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). Additionally, LPS increased iron deposition in the myocardium, with downregulating ferroportin (FPN, SLC40A1) and transferrin receptor (TfR)expression, and upregulating ferritin light chain (FTL) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) expression. Meanwhile, LPS also increased lipid peroxidation in the rat heart by decreasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Moreover, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inflammatory cell infiltration were also increased following LPS challenge. Finally, the abovementioned adverse effects of LPS were relieved by Fer-1 except for TfR expression. Mechanistically, Fer-1 significantly reduced the levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phospho-inhibitor of kappa Bα (IκBα) in LPS-treated rats. In summary, these findings imply that Fer-1 improved sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction at least partially via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The helicon wave heating and current drive in the HL-2M tokamak for the steady-state scenario is studied numerically. Based on the theory of fast wave current drive proposed by Chiu, we analyze the characteristics of helicon waves damping for the HL-2M tokamak. For wave frequencies larger than 420 MHz, strong wave damping occurs, and electron Landau damping is dominant. Moreover, a strong wave absorption region associated with the dimensionless parameters βeand ξethat depend on the wave frequency is obtained. The helicon wave propagation and current drive are simulated using the GENRAY/CQL3D code. The results show that an off-axis current drive with profiles peak at ρ∼0.4can be generally received at a wave frequency f∼500MHz and the launched parallel refractive index n//=3.8and that the current drive efficiency reaches up to ∼140 kA/MW. A scan of n//showed that both the current drive profile peak and the generated current could be adjusted by changing the launched n//. Finally, a feasible scheme for the helicon wave off-axis current drive in the HL-2M tokamak is proposed.

All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have acquired great progress, especially CsPbI 2 Br. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) remains far below the theoretical predictions. Non-radiative recombination is one of the important issues affecting the photoelectric performance of the PSCs, and the defective lead ions derived from the evaporation of halide ions in the inorganic perovskite are the principal non-radiative recombination centers. Herein, the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed by introducing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a Lewis base molecule to passivate the defective lead ions. Therefore, by adjusting the dosage of NMP, the smooth and pinhole-free CsPbI 2 Br perovskite film is obtained and the optimized device exhibits a champion PCE of 16.77% with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 0.80. This work proves the effectiveness of passivation using Lewis base molecules to prevent non-radiative recombination defects in inorganic perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CsPbI 2 Br is an ideal inorganic perovskite material with a reasonable bandgap for solar cell applications because of its advantage of superior thermal and phase stability. However, the performance of CsPbI 2 Br based solar cells highly relied on the perovskite crystallization process along with the interfacial contact engineering process between CsPbI 2 Br perovskite and charge-transporting layers. In this work, a programmable crystallization method is developed to obtain ultra-smooth CsPbI 2 Br perovskite film with a well-engineered contact interface in perovskite solar cells. This method combines a pre-stand-by process with a programmable gradient thermal engineering process, which mediates the crystal growth dynamics process of CsPbI 2 Br perovskite by controlling the release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from its coordinates with the perovskite film, leading to high-quality CsPbI 2 Br film with large-scale crystalline grains, reduced surface roughness, and low trap density. Fabricated perovskite devices based on CsPbI 2 Br film obtained by this method deliver power conversion efficiency of 14.55 %; meanwhile, the encapsulated CsPbI 2 Br perovskite device achieves a maximum efficiency of 15.07 %. This decent solar conversion efficiency demonstrates the effectiveness of the programmable crystallization method used in this work, which shows great potential as a universal approach in obtaining high-quality CsPbI 2 Br perovskite films for fabricating high-efficiency inorganic perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study was performed to determine the risk factors associated with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in patients of advanced age (>65 years).Methods In total, 549 hospitalized patients aged 66 to 104 years who were undergoing PICC placement from January 2008 to December 2014 were enrolled. Symptomatic venous thrombosis was confirmed by B-mode or Doppler ultrasonography in the presence of clinical signs. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the variables of interest to identify the risk factors for thrombosis. Odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were generated.Results Of the 549 patients with PICC placement, 106 (19.3%) developed PICC-associated venous thrombosis, 84 cases of which were symptomatic. The logistic regression results revealed that PICC-related venous thrombosis was associated with a history of venous thrombosis (OR, 6.745 [3.237–14.056]), number of lumens (OR, 1.934 [1.362–2.572] and OR, 3.762 [1.672–5.932] for dual and triple lumens, respectively), and PICC gauge (OR, 1.821 [1.256–2.537] and OR, 3.864 [1.367–8.251] for 5-Fr and 6-Fr, respectively).Conclusions A history of thrombosis, high number of lumens, and large-gauge catheters were strong risk factors for patients aged >65 years undergoing PICC placement.

Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much attention because of their outstanding stability, with zinc oxide (ZnO) being commonly used as the electron transport layer (ETL). However, both surface defects and the photocatalytic effect of ZnO could lead to serious photodegradation of acceptor materials. This, in turn, hampers the improvement of the efficiency and stability in OSCs. Herein, we developed a multiarmed aromatic ammonium salt, namely, benzene-1,3,5-triyltrimethanaminium bromide (PhTMABr), for modifying ZnO. This compound possesses mild weak acidity aimed at removing the residual amines present within ZnO film. In addition, the PhTMABr could also passivate surface defects of ZnO through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between its terminal amino groups and the oxygen anion of ZnO, leading to a better interface contact, which effectively enhances charge transport. As a result, an efficiency of 18.75% was achieved based on the modified ETL compared to the bare ZnO (PCE = 17.34%). The devices utilizing the modified ZnO retained 87% and 90% of their initial PCE after thermal stress aging at 65 °C for 1500 h and continuous 1-sun illumination with maximum power point (MPP) tracking for 1780 h, respectively. Importantly, the extrapolated T80lifetime with MPP tracking exceeds 10 000 h. The new class of materials employed in this work to modify the ZnO ETL should pave the way for enhancing the efficiency and stability of OSCs, potentially advancing their commercialization process.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) with an inverted structure have the potential to exhibit both high efficiency and stability, in which the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role. In this study, we have developed an efficient ETL for inverted structure OSCs by modifying commercially available SnO2nanoparticles with a simple molecule 2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)− 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-6,7-dicarboxylic acid (NMA). The surface modification effectively eliminates the light soaking issue observed in devices with bare SnO2. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic devices. With the hybrid ETL, the device based on PM6:L8-BO achieves an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33 %. Notably, the champion device exhibits excellent shelf, thermal and photo stabilities. It maintained 99.7 % and 87.1 % of its original efficiency under storage in N2and thermal stress at 65 ℃ for 1000 h, respectively. Under continuous 1-sun illumination with maximum power point tracking for 800 h, the device retained 86.6 % of its initial efficiency. Additionally, the hybrid ETL shows good generality on other typical active layer systems based-OSCs. This work presents an effective hybrid ETL approach for the development of high-performance OSCs.

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease predominantly affecting the axial skeleton. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) in China and compare the differences between adult- and juvenile-onset cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 776 patients with nr-axSpA in the Clinical Characteristic and Outcome in Chinese Axial Spondyloarthritis (COCAS) study cohort. Patients were divided into two groups including the adult-onset group (n= 662) and the juvenile-onset group (n= 114) according to age at disease onset. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with adult-onset and juvenile-onset nr-axSpA. Results: Overall, the male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1, the prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity was 72.2%, and the median age at disease onset of nr-axSpA was 22 years. Nearly 75% of nr-axSpA patients had peripheral arthritis in the disease course, and the prevalence of extra-articular manifestations was 10.4%. The juvenile-onset group contained a higher proportion of men (66.7% vs. 53.9%, P= 0.011) and a longer baseline disease duration (4.0 [4.0] vs. 1.6 [3.5], P&lt; 0.001) than the adult-onset group. A family history of spondyloarthritis was more frequent in the juvenile-onset group than in the adult-onset group (23.7% vs. 15.4%, P= 0.028), but no significant difference in the prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity was observed between the two groups (P= 0.537). Regarding initial symptoms, peripheral arthritis occurred more often in patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA, whereas patients with adult-onset nr-axSpA presented more frequently with axial involvement. The prevalence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) was higher in the adult-onset group than in the juvenile-onset group (85.0% vs. 75.4%, P= 0.010), whereas the juvenile-onset group showed a higher prevalence of peripheral arthritis and enthesitis than the adult-onset group (67.5% vs. 48.5%, P&lt; 0.001; 35.1% vs. 23.3%, P= 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: Compared with adult-onset nr-axSpA, juvenile-onset nr-axSpA was more common in men and those with a family history of spondyloarthritis. Juvenile-onset nr-axSpA presents with a “peripheral predominant” mode at disease onset and a higher frequency of peripheral arthritis and enthesitis during the disease course.

Chaetolactam A (1), an unprecedented azaphilone derivative bearing a unique 9-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.2.1]octan-8-onering system, together with two new compounds, 11-epi-chaetomugilide B (2) and chaetomugilide D (3) was isolated from an endophytic fungus, Chaetomiumsp. g1. Notably, extensive NMR data analyses, NMR calculations with DP4 and DP4+ analyses, ECD calculations, and the RDC method were employed to establish the structure of 1. Furthermore, 2exhibited potent apoptosis induction activity by mediating caspase-3 activation and PARP degradation at 3 μM in HL-60.

Biochar has been considered as a potential way to enhance acidophilous plant growth in alkaline soils. However, whether such enhancements are closely linked with biochar pyrolysis temperature and its improvements in rhizospheric soil fertility and microbial activities remains largely unknown. We performed a pot experiment to investigate changes in azalea (Rhododendron) morphology and physiology, as well as its rhizosphere soil chemical and biological properties in a slightly alkaline urban soil under the amendment of biochars that pyrolyzed at three temperatures (i.e., 350, 550 and 700 °C). Our results showed that the effects of biochars on plant growth and soil properties depended on pyrolysis temperature. In comparison with the non-amended control, 350 and 550 °C biochars showed significant promotions on the azalea growth in terms of photosynthetic characteristics, biomass, root morphology, and N and P uptake. Whereas, 700 °C biochar showed an inhibition effect on them. 350 °C biochar decreased soil pH and increased soil available P and K contents and the activities of α-glucosidase, N-β-glucosaminidase, phosphatase and sulfatase. In addition, 350 °C biochar significantly enhanced bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal 18S rRNA gene abundances in the rhizosphere soil of azalea and mycorrhizal infection. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH, available nutrients and fungal abundance had positive associations with the enhanced plant growth parameters. Therefore, our findings suggest that biochar produced at low temperature could be a feasible strategy for enhancing acidophilous azalea growth and improving urban soil quality.

Background: In order to study the interference of wired transmission mode on robot motion, a mobile robot attitude calculation and debugging system based on radio frequency (RF) technology are proposed. Methods: Microcontroller STM32 has been used as the control core for the attitude information of the robot by using MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer. The optimal attitude Angle of the robot is calculated through nRF24L01, which is the core of the wireless communication module, attitude acquisition module and wireless data communication upper computer application platform. Results: The results show that the positioning accuracy is better than ± 5mm. Conclusion: The experimental results show that the proposed attitude solving and debugging system of mobile robot based on RF technology has better reliability and real-time performance. The propped model is convenient for the debugging of the mobile robot system and has certain engineering application value.

The inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite faces serious challenges of low phase stability and high moisture sensitivity. The moisture controllable process of a hole-transporting layer (HTL) is crucial for the development of stable and efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). In this work, we proposed an oxidization-free spiro-OMeTAD hole-transport layer (HTL) with a preoxidized spiro-OMeTAD solution to prevent moisture and completely avoid the phase transition of CsPbI2Br from the α-phase to β-phase. The oxidization-free HTL exhibited improved surface hydrophobic properties, smoother morphology, and optimized energy-level alignment compared with a traditional HTL. As a result, the CsPbI2Br-based IPSCs achieved an efficiency of up to 14.2 and 86.6% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) with 2000 h storage. Meanwhile, this oxidization-free HTL was applied in CH3NH3PbI3-based PSCs and obtained 13.8% PCE enhancement, which proved the universality of the solution preoxidization tactic. We believe that the oxidization-free HTL could be an efficient strategy to replace traditional HTLs and can be widely used in perovskite solar cells, especially in moisture-sensitive PSCs.

Passivation of electronic defects on the surface and at grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite films has become one of the most effective tactics to suppress charge recombination in perovskite solar cells. It is demonstrated that trap states can be effectively passivated by Lewis acid or base functional groups. In this work, nicotinamide (NTM, commonly known as vitamin B3 or vitamin PP) serving as a Lewis base additive is introduced into the PbI2and/or FAI: MABr: MACl precursor solution to obtain NTM modified perovskite films. It has been found that the NTM in the perovskite film can well passivate surface and GBs defects, control the film morphology and enhance the crystallinity via its interaction with a lone pair of electrons in nitrogen. In the presence of the NTM additive, we obtained enlarged perovskite crystal grain about 3.6 μm and a champion planar perovskite solar cell with efficiency of 21.72% and negligible hysteresis. Our findings provide an effective route for crystal growth and defect passivation to bring further increases on both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

To better understand the hot deformation behaviors of Hastelloy C-276 alloy under elevated temperatures, hot tensile tests were carried out in the temperature range of 1223−1423 K and the strain rate range of 0.01−10 s−1, respectively. Based on the modified Zerilli−Armstrong, modified Johnson-Cook, and strain-compensated Arrhenius-type models, three constitutive equations were established to describe the high-temperature flow stress of this alloy. Meanwhile, the predictability of the obtained models was evaluated by the calculation of correlation coefficients (r) and absolute errors (Δ), where the values of rfor the modified Zerilli−Armstrong, Johnson−Cook, and Arrhenius-type constitutive models were computed to be 0.935, 0.968 and 0.984, and the values of Δwere calculated to be 13.4%, 10.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Moreover, the experimental and predicted flow stresses were compared in the strain range of 0.1−0.5, the results further indicated that the obtained modified Arrhenius-type model possessed better predictability on hot flow behavior of Hastelloy C-276.