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IMPORTANCE: Total face restoration remains a challenge in modern reconstructive surgery. After 17 years of experiments and preliminary clinical studies, a new concept of face prefabrication was developed for face restoration with autologous tissue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results of face restoration with autologous tissue and report a finalized and standardized approach of face prefabrication. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this single-center long-term retrospective study, 32 patients who underwent total face restoration between 2005 and 2022 were reviewed. These patients underwent total facial reconstruction, which included flap prefabrication, 3-dimensional printing, tissue expansion, and flap transfer with aid of indocyanine green angiography (IGA). The flap first undergoes prefabrication by transferring vascularized fascia under the skin of the selected chest. A tissue expander is then placed under the fascia to create a large, thin, reliable skin flap after expansion. Once completed, the flap is transferred to the face during the second stage of the reconstruction. Intraoperative IGA is performed to guide the design of subsequent openings for facial fissures. Data were analyzed from July to September 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Flap healing, reconstructive outcome, and patient recovery were assessed during follow-up. Three questionnaires, including the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Aesthetic and Functional Status Score of Facial Soft-Tissue Deformities/Defects, and the EuroQoL Health-Related Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L), were used to evaluate the quality of life and satisfaction with facial aesthetic and functional status. RESULTS: Of 24 included patients, 14 (58%) were male, and the mean (range) age was 32.9 (8-62) years. The mean (range) follow-up was 5.6 (2-12) years. All patients reported a significant improvement in quality of life (SF-36), especially in mean (SD) social functioning (preoperative score, 53.65 [34.51]; postoperative score, 80.73 [19.10]) and emotional stability (preoperative score, 56.67 [25.55]; postoperative score, 71.17 [18.51]). A total of 22 patients (92%) went back to work. Mean (SD) facial aesthetic status (preoperative score, 4.96 [3.26]; postoperative score, 11.52 [3.49]; P < .001) and functional status (preoperative score, 11.09 [3.51]; postoperative score, 15.78 [3.26]; P < .001) also improved. In addition, there was a significant increase in overall satisfaction and self-reported health status (preoperative score, 8.13 [1.52]; postoperative score, 3.58 [2.31]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, 5-year follow-up results suggested that this innovative approach to total face restoration offered a safe and valid option for indicated patients, with acceptable reconstructive and cosmetic outcomes.

AbstractBackgroundAs far as we know, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become one of the predominant causes of visual impairments. Previous studies have revealed that AMD and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) share the same pathologic and genotypic factors, making the connection between AMD and CVD a hot topic. However, the conclusions of the available studies on the relationship between them are somewhat divergent.MethodsWe screened 5523 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 through 2008 for an observational clinical study design. Binary logistic regression modelling was used to estimate the relations between AMD and various CVDs with and without adjustment for demographics, health status, and behaviours related to health.ResultsBinary logistic regression analyses showed that AMD was able to increase the risk of CVDs in patients both unadjusted and after adjusting for confounding variables.ConclusionsWithin this study, preventing the development of AMD might cut down the incidence of several CVDs, in particular, significantly lowering the stroke risk. These findings indicate that interventions to prevent AMD may also help to prevent CVDs. In general, late AMD has a more severe impact on the risk of CVDs compared with early AMD. These results could help clinical ophthalmology and cardiovascular medicine in their clinical education and interventions.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary tumor of bones, often diagnosed late with a poor prognosis. Currently, few effective biomarkers or diagnostic methods have been developed for early OS detection with high confidence, especially for metastatic OS. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis through liquid biopsy. Here, we report a plasmonic imaging-based biosensing technique, termed subpopulation protein analysis by single EV counting (SPASEC), for size-dependent EV subpopulation analysis. In our SPASEC platform, EVs are accurately sized and counted on plasmonic sensor chips coated with OS-specific antibodies. Subsequently, EVs are categorized into distinct subpopulations based on their sizes, and the membrane proteins of each size-dependent subpopulation are profiled. We measured the heterogeneous expression levels of the EV markers (CD63, BMP2, GD2, and N-cadherin) in each of the EV subsets from both OS cell lines and clinical plasma samples. Using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model, the combination of four markers is applied to classify the healthy donors (n= 37), nonmetastatic OS patients (n= 13), and metastatic patients (n= 12) with an area under the curve of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.99, respectively. SPASEC provides accurate EV sensing technology for early OS diagnosis.

Acoustically activatable perfluoropropane droplets (PD) can be formulated from commercially available microbubble preparations. Diagnostic transthoracic ultrasound frequencies have resulted in acoustic activation (AA) predominately within myocardial infarct zones (IZ). We hypothesized that the AA area following acute coronary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) would selectively enhance the developing scar zone, and target bioeffects specifically to this region. We administered intravenous PD in 36 rats and 20 pigs at various stages of myocardial scar formation (30 minutes, 1 day, and 7 days post I/R) to determine what effect infarct age had on the AA within the IZ. This was correlated with histology, myeloperoxidase activity, and tissue nitrite activity. The degree of AA within the IZ in rats was not associated with collagen content, neutrophil infiltration, or infarct age. AA within 24 hours of I/R was associated with increased nitric oxide utilization selectively within the IZ (P< .05 compared with remote zone). The spatial extent of AA in pigs correlated with infarct size only when performed before sacrifice at 7 days (r= .74, P< .01). Acoustic activation of intravenous PD enhances the developing scar zone following I/R, and results in selective tissue nitric oxide utilization.

A circular shaft is often used to access a working well for deep underground space utilization. As the depth of underground space increases, the excavation depth of the shaft increases. In this study, the deformation characteristics of a circular shaft with a depth of 56.3 m were presented and analysed. The main monitoring contents included: (1) wall deflection; (2) vertical wall movement; (3) horizontal soil movement; (4) vertical surface movement; and (5) basal heave. Horizontally, the maximum wall deflection was only 7.7 mm. Compared with the wall deflection data collected for another 29 circular excavations, the ratio of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth of this shaft was smaller due to a smaller ratio of diameter to excavation depth. The wall deflection underwent two stages of deformation: the first stage was mainly circumferential compression caused by the mutual extrusion of joints between walls, and the second stage was typical vertical deflection deformation. The horizontal soil movement outside the shaft was greater than the wall deflection and the deep soil caused great horizontal movement because of dewatering at confined water layers. Vertically, a basal heave of 203.8 mm occurred in the pit centre near the bottom. Meanwhile, the shaft was uplifted over time and showed 3 stages of vertical movement. The surface outside the shaft exhibited settlement and uplift deformation at different locations due to different effects. The basal heave caused by excavation was the dominant factor, driving the vertical movement of the shaft as well as the surrounding surface. The correlation between the wall deflection and the surface settlement outside the shaft was weak.

The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2(eCO2) on rice (Oryza sativaL.) grain quality has been widely studied, but mostly under two contrasting levels of CO2concentration. Our study was conducted in a new version of CO2Gradient Tunnel (CGT) to study the responses of grain quality of japonica rice cv. Wuyoudao no.4 (WYD4) and Songjing no.9 (SJ9) to five CO2concentrations (390–600 μmol·mol−1) gradient levels at two cultivation practices: traditional flooding (TF) and non‐flooded plastic film mulching (PM). The results showed that the response of SJ9 to eCO2was more pronounced under TF cultivation. When the CO2concentration increased to 450 μmol·mol−1, the brown rice ratio and milled rice ratio of SJ9 decreased by 4.2% and 17.7%, respectively. However, when CO2concentration increased to 600 μmol·mol−1, the brown rice ratio increased by 3.7%. These results reveal that different gradients of eCO2have different effects on rice quality. Besides that, eCO2decreased the nutritional quality of SJ9 by decreasing the protein content and amylose content, while eCO2improved rice appearance and eating quality. Different from SJ9, when CO2concentration increased to 500–600 μmol·mol–1, the milled rice ratio and head rice ratio of WYD4 increased by 5.9%–7.5% and 16.7%–19.5% under PM cultivation. Furthermore, eCO2decreased the chalky grain rate or chalkiness by 34.5%–80.5% and 53.1%–77.1%, respectively. Under PM cultivation, the rice milling quality and appearance quality of WYD4 were promoted by eCO2. Rice nutritional quality was significantly decreased in both cultivation practices. In the comparison of rice quality between the two cultivations, except for rice eating quality, the other grain quality parameters of SJ9 under PM cultivation were better than those under TF cultivation. The opposite was true for WYD4. Under future production conditions with eCO2, the high‐yielding SJ9 cultivar is more suitable for water‐saving cultivation with mulching film, while the high‐quality WYD4 is suitable for TF cultivation.

[Display omitted] • A hydrometallurgical process for treating the waste Waelz oxide. • ZnO was precipitated from the zinc-containing purified solution by adding CaO. • Under optimal leaching conditions, 87.9% of zinc was extracted. • Zinc oxide obtained has a purity of 98.8%. Zinc recovery from secondary sources has become a key issue for sustainable development of zinc metallurgy with the shortage of zinc concentrate supply. As the main intermediate product of the Waelz process, Waelz-fume has always been the focus of research. In this paper, a new hydrometallurgical process to recovery ZnO from Waelz oxides is developed. The main steps include leaching Waelz oxide with NH 4 Cl solution, purifying the leachate by zinc cementation, and precipitating zinc as ZnO by CaO addition. The zinc extraction can reach 87.9 % through NH 4 Cl leaching, and more than 99.0 % of Pb and Cd are from the leaching solution removed by the zinc cementation. Under optimal precipitation conditions, 96.6 % of the zinc in the leachate is precipitated as ZnO with high purity. The preliminary estimation shows that the process provides a cost-effective and environmentally feasible scheme for high purity ZnO preparation from Waelz oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intramolecular exciplex systems featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have garnered significant attention in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of organic sandwich intramolecular exciplexes remains rare due to structural limitations and synthetic challenges. Herein, we present a novel rigid acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) sandwich complex, dSFQP, characterized by two sp3C-locking moieties. This compound exhibits TADF characteristics facilitated by a multiple through-space charge-transfer process. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirms the distinctive sandwich configuration. The parallel spatial arrangement and minimized A–D–A configuration enhance electronic interactions, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate, and sluggish nonradiative decay rate. OLEDs employing dSFQP as the dopant achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.5% with a low efficiency roll-off of merely 2.8% at 1000 cd m−2. Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m−2, the EQE remains notably high at 17.5%. Our current results provide an effective way to further innovate the design of new organic charge-transfer complexes.

This study investigates the ultrasonic-microwave synergistic intensive leaching of indium from zinc oxide dust and compares it with conventional leaching, single ultrasonic leaching, and microwave leaching. Additionally, the temperature rise behavior of zinc oxide dust in a sulfuric acid system is examined. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic-microwave co-leaching significantly reduces leaching time compared with conventional leaching and improves the leaching rate of indium compared with single ultrasonic leaching and microwave leaching. The optimal process conditions for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic leaching are determined to be an ultrasonic power of 200 W, microwave power of 200 W, leaching time of 30 min, sulfuric acid concentration of 180 g L−1, and liquid to solid ratio of 8:1. Under these conditions, the leaching rates of indium, zinc, aluminum, and iron are 91.25, 97.69, 74.57, and 48.62%, respectively. In contrast, under the same conditions, the leaching rates of indium and zinc by single ultrasonic leaching were 89.01 and 94.12%, respectively, and the leaching rates of indium and zinc by single microwave leaching were 88.59 and 95.59%, respectively. These findings indicate a synergistic effect of ultrasound and microwave. The accuracy of the single factor optimization experiment results was verified using the response surface analysis method to optimize the experimental conditions. The results indicated that the single factor optimization experiment was accurate. Studies in chemical kinetics studies demonstrated that the leaching of indium is primarily influenced by ultrasound microwave power and sulfuric acid concentration. Additionally, the leaching process is governed by chemical reactions. Arrhenius diagram was used to plot the (1/W–lnK) and (ln[H2SO4] − lnK) diagrams. The reaction coefficient for ultrasound-microwave is − 7.5, and the reaction order for sulfuric acid is 0.815. The chemical kinetic models are: 1 − (1 − x)1/3= exp(− 4.12 − 7.5/W).t, 1 − (1 − x)1/3= exp(− 4.654 + 0.815ln[H2SO4]).t. The mechanism of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic enhancement for leaching indium from zinc oxide dust was elucidated. This research introduces a novel method for indium leaching, which holds significant theoretical and practical implications. Future research should focus on enhancing the amplification technology of ultrasonic-microwave leaching equipment.

In this work, we propose a self-powered GaN-based high-performance metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) with an asymmetrical interdigitated structure. Benefiting from the device’s asymmetrically distributed energy band characteristics between the two electrodes, the peak responsivity ( ${R}$ ) of 0.024 A/W under UV illumination corresponding to a high detectivity ( ${D}^{\ast} $ ) of $6.6\times1012$ cm $\cdot \text{W}^{-1}\,\,\cdot $ Hz1/2 (Jones) can be obtained when the device is biased at 0 V. The results show that the self-powered function of the device can be achieved by using an asymmetric interdigitated structure. We illustrate the origin of the fabricated device’s photoresponse in the absence of bias with the assistance of energy band structure analysis, which can be attributed to the energy band bending caused by the polarization effect in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. In addition, a high peak responsivity of 115 A/W and a photocurrent ( ${I}_{{\text {photo}}}$ ) of $2.66\times 10^{-5}$ A at an applied bias voltage of 10 V was achieved. A dark current ( ${I}_{{\text {dark}}}$ ) of $1.18\times 10^{-10}$ A was also measured, giving the device a photocurrent-dark current ratio ( ${I}_{{\text {photo}}} / {I}_{{\text {dark}}}$ ) of 105. In short, the results show that the proposed self-powered GaN-based UV PD has the potential for high-sensitivity UV detection.

The notable advancements in boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells are progressively underscoring their commercialization potential. A fundamental requirement for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics is the establishment of an environmentally friendly synthesis approach capable of facilitating large-scale production. Conventionally, the manufacturing of this moisture-sensitive material depends on organic solvents and a glove box, a practice that is scarcely embraced by the industry. In this context, a cost-effective aqueous wet-chemical strategy was developed to synthesize stoichiometric δ-phase formamidinium lead triiodide (δ-FAPbI3) powder, which serves as a high-purity precursor for perovskite film deposition. Benefit from the presence of a high concentration of iodine in the aqueous solution, the insoluble PbI2transforms into soluble [PbI2+n]n−complexes, converting the decomposition of FAPbI3into dissolution, and the aqueous synthesis becomes available. By utilizing synthesized δ-FAPbI3powder, we promoted favorable crystallization in resulting perovskite films, which enhanced carrier transport properties and stability. Compared with perovskite films prepared by a mixture of PbI2and FAI as precursors, films by synthesized powder showcase preferred crystal orientation, and reduced trap densities, and effectively suppress detrimental ion transport and degradation processes. Consequently, we fabricated perovskite solar cells based on this synthesized powder in ambient air and achieved a maximum PCE of 23.24%.

The spectral super-resolution (SpeSR) from multispectral images (MSIs) to hyperspectral images (HSIs) can bring rich spectral information. The deep learning-based methods have demonstrated their powerful ability for the SpeSR task, which requires the paired HSI/MSI to train the model. However, HSIs and MSIs are always obtained at different times and under different imaging conditions, covering different areas. To address this issue, in this article, a framework named BliEstGAN based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed to estimate the spectral resolution degradation between unpaired HSIs and MSIs that can be used for the blind SpeSR. Specifically, each MSI imaging sensor has its own unique spectral sampling process, which can be modeled as a spectral degradation from its paired HSI. Different spectral degradations can be discriminated by the deep model. Therefore, the generator of the GAN is used to estimate the spectral degradation from HSIs to MSIs, and the discriminator of the GAN is adopted to distinguish whether the estimated and real spectral degradation is similar. The MSIs and HSIs are easy to discriminate against by the discriminator because their spatial resolutions are different. Furthermore, according to the imaging sensor mechanism, some special regularization terms are designed for the generator to guarantee its correct convergence. Finally, the estimated spectral resolution degradation can be adopted to generate HSI/MSI pairs for the supervised learning-based SpeSR methods. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Metal structures play a vital role in modern engineering, underscoring the significance of detecting surface cracks on these structures. This research aims to explore a new approach by employing passive microstrip antenna (PMA) sensors in structural health monitoring (SHM) of metal structures, with particular emphasis on surface crack detection. The presence of cracks on metal structures alters the input impedance and reflected signal phase of the PMA sensor. Consequently, valuable information regarding the location and size of the crack on the metal surface under test can be extracted through these two sensing indicators. This research introduces two points of innovation. First, the use of phase delay and impedance phase angle as detection parameters eliminates the need for wide-range frequency scanning, reducing the complexity and cost of detection compared to traditional methods. Second, the study divides the tested area into four quadrants, initially identifying the crack’s region and subsequently extracting various aspects of the crack’s information. This approach enables a more comprehensive analysis and precise localization of the crack area and its features. A high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator is employed to design the sensor model and conduct a series of simulations. The experimental results demonstrate the sensor’s remarkable sensitivity in detecting the presence of cracks and accurately differentiating the quadrant position and size parameters of the cracks through phase delay and impedance phase angle. The adoption of PMA sensors offers a relatively simple, accurate, and cost-effective means for SHM of metal structures.

The accuracy of data-driven open-circuit fault (OCF) diagnosis methods is affected by varying operating conditions. This issue is often ignored. In this article, an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) and a sample amplification method are proposed to eliminate the influence of varying operating conditions on the online OCF diagnosis for neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. First, 73 types of OCF sample collection can be greatly reduced to 14 by following the sample amplification method. The signals of any phase can be generated by a single fundamental period signal. This provides a significant savings in sample collection time. Second, the spatial attention mechanism (SAM) is added after the first convolutional layer of the CNN model. The feature extraction capability of the model is enhanced for time-domain waveform scaling under variable operating conditions. Simultaneously, the last full connection (FC) layer of the CNN model is retained and the other FC layers are substituted with a global maximum pooling (GMP) layer. This has the advantage of reducing the number of network parameters and further conserving the effective feature information. In conclusion, the experimental results show that the sample amplification method and the improved CNN model for online fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions exceed 99% accuracy. The CNN with spatial attention mechanism and global maximum pooling (SAMCNN-GMP) is more effective and stable than the CNN model.

[Display omitted] • HEDP/LA/rGO composite film was successfully prepared using HEDP and LA and rGO. • HEDP/LA/rGO composite film has super-hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties. • The film has a high fitting impedance and corrosion inhibition efficiency. • Quantum chemical calculations discuss the mechanisms and synergistic effects. Aluminum (Al) alloys are used in a wide range of applications due to their advantages. However, the existing corrosion protection methods have insufficient protection ability and cannot achieve long-term protection. In this paper, reactive protective film on the surface of aluminum alloys using 1-hydroxyethyl-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) molecules. Then, Lauric acid/Graphene (LA/rGO) film is used to prepared on the surface of HEDP film. SEM, XRD, EDS, Raman, XPS and WCA were conducted to analyze physical and chemical features of coatings. The total resistance of the film reaches 1.0 × 1020 Ω·cm2, in a salt spray test using 5wt% NaCl as the corrosion medium, corrosion spots appeared on day 28 with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 99.99%. Theoretical studies with quantum chemical calculations have shown that HEDP/LA/rGO composite films can be adsorbed on Al alloy surfaces through P-O-Al and P-O-C chemical bonding. The influence of phosphate synergistic effect on the corrosion resistance of the self-assembled superhydrophobic composite film on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy is discussed. This study presents a scientific and innovative design concept to develop coatings with excellent corrosion protection for aluminum alloy, and then extend their application to certain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the open-circuit fault of neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter having the characteristics of solid concealment and multiple fault modes, it is necessary to study an accurate and efficient fault diagnosis method to detect and locate the fault in time. However, the existing methods are either based on artificial analytical modeling or signal analysis, which is challenging to model and needs better portability or the model needs to be simplified to implement online applications. Therefore, this article proposes a data-driven fault diagnosis and high-performance online inference method. The diagnosis method simplifies the traditional labeling method by designing labels and takes one-dimensional depth separable convolution (1D-DSC) and global max pooling (GMP) to replace conventional 1-D convolution and local pooling called 1D-DSCNN-GMP. Then, the model is compressed and optimized based on the TensorRT framework. Experiments show that compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can reduce the number of model parameters by more than 90%. The average online inference time of the model after compression and deployment to the edge computing board (ECB) is about 1 ms, only 5% fundamental period, and can maintain 100% diagnostic accuracy, with better online application potential.

Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian Assessment, evaluating 8,011 species for the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. We find that amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class (40.7% of species are globally threatened). The updated Red List Index shows that the status of amphibians is deteriorating globally, particularly for salamanders and in the Neotropics. Disease and habitat loss drove 91% of status deteriorations between 1980 and 2004. Ongoing and projected climate change effects are now of increasing concern, driving 39% of status deteriorations since 2004, followed by habitat loss (37%). Although signs of species recoveries incentivize immediate conservation action, scaled-up investment is urgently needed to reverse the current trends.

The adsorption mechanism of activated carbon toward copper and gold thiosulfate complexes was investigated. Both adsorption kinetics of copper and gold thiosulfate complexes onto activated carbon conform to the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm of activated carbon toward the copper thiosulfate complex is in accordance with the Freundlich model, while that of the gold thiosulfate complex fits the Langmuir model. The bonding characteristics of the loaded carbon suggest that the adsorption mechanism of copper thiosulfate is different from that of gold thiosulfate. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon toward copper reaches 79.04 mg/g under the experimental conditions, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of gold. This implies that the use of activated carbon for gold recovery from thiosulfate leachate may face great challenges due to the low adsorption capacity of gold, as well as the competitive adsorption of copper and thiosulfate.

A high-performance InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) p-i-n photodetector (PD) is fabricated on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs). The fabricated PD exhibits a low dark current density of $ &lt; 2.0\times 10^{-{10}}$ A/cm2 under a bias voltage of −2 V, with a high photocurrent to dark current contrast ratio of over $10^{{6}}$ . Furthermore, the peak responsivity at the wavelength of 395 nm reaches 0.18 A/W at −10 V, corresponding to a maximum quantum efficiency of approximately 56%. In addition, the noise equivalent power (NEP) and normalized detectivity were found to be $1.14\times 10^{-{11}}$ W and $2.77\times 10^{{11}}$ cm $\cdot $ Hz $^{{0.5}}\,\,\cdot \,\,\text{W}^{-{1}}$ , respectively. The high-performance PD achieved is believed to be related to the high crystalline quality of the InGaN epilayer.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on multiple resonance (MR) effects are promising for high-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrowband emission and high efficiency. However, they still face the challenges of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and spectral broadening. Solution-processable MR-TADF emitters with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >20% and a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of <30 nm have rarely been reported. To construct ACQ-resistant emitters without sacrificing color purity, the aggregation-induced MR-TADF material 6TBNwith a rigid B,N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon core and four carbazole substituents as well as 12 tert-butyl groups on the periphery is designed. The multidimensional shielded effect largely limits the ACQ, intermolecular interactions, and spectral broadening. Consequently, solution-processed OLEDs based on 6TBNexhibit a maximum EQE of 23.0% and high color purity with a fwhm of 25 nm. Furthermore, the nondoped device achieves a high efficiency (12.3%) and merely a slight widening of the fwhm to 27 nm. This work provides a feasible strategy to achieve MR-TADF materials with resistance to concentration quenching and high color purity.

• B-Ni x S y /C flower-like composite is synthesized from carbonazition of Ni-MOF, followed by facile boronization and hydrothermal sulfurization. • The Multi-phase Ni x S y with B-doping are highly dispersed, ensuring active redox reactions. • MOF-derived carbon plays its role in fixing B-Ni x S y particles, improving conductivity, maintaining stable structure, and absorbing interior stress from redox reactions. • The combination of B-Ni x S y and MOF-derived carbon skeleton offer high capacity, long cycle life and good rate performance.i. This work uses a simple Ni-metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) to generate a uniform metal-containing carbon hybrid structure of Ni/C by in-situ pyrolysis. Then, after NaBH 4 treatment and hydrothermal vulcanization of Ni/C, multiphase B-doped Ni x S y nanoparticles can be obtained and uniformly anchored in the carbon skeleton, forming a highly porous flower-shaped B-Ni x S y /C composite. The positive role of B doping was theoretically confirmed by Density Function Theory (DFT) calculations. The MOF-derived carbon framework has porous, conductive, and continuous features beneficial for fast charge transfer. There are also multiple Ni-sulfide phases in B-Ni x S y /C, dominated by hexagonal NiS, hexagonal Ni 2 S 3 , and cubic Ni 3 S 4 , which give rich valance state and are expected to bring active electrochemical reactions. In addition, the boronation process by the reducing agent of NaBH 4 is also proved beneficial to bring high capacitance, possibly due to the incorporation of more active sites by B. Therefore, the B-Ni x S y /C composite electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 1250.4 C g–1 at 1 A g–1 and excellent rate performance. The B-Ni x S y /C-based asymmetric supercapacitor also shows promising prospects for future energy storage devices, delivering high cyclability with capacitance retention of 87.6% after 7000 cycles. This work proves the efficiency of MOF-derived carbon framework and B-doping in improving metal sulfide's electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic hydrogenation of nitrophenols is widely utilized for both industrial synthesis and environmental protection, thus efficient and cost-effective catalysts are in urgent need. Still, the cost and scarcity of the materials still inhibit their application and the active sites are not well specified, especially in the complex catalysts. Herein, we developed an atomic Pd-doped nanoporous Ni/NiO (Pd1@np-Ni/NiO) catalyst via facial dealloying for efficient nitrophenol hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. Pd1@np-Ni/NiO achieves an excellent specific activity (1301 min–1mgPd–1, 35.2 times that of commercial Pd/C), nearly 100% selectivity, and continuous reproducibility. The catalytic performance is highly relevant to the Ni sites on the catalysts regarding the exposure sites and the intrinsic property. The metal/metal oxide interfacial structure could cooperatively accelerate the catalytic reaction kinetics. The atomic dopants could effectively modulate the electronic structure, facilitate the absorption of molecules, and reduce the energy barrier of catalytic hydrogenation reaction. Based on the efficient catalyst, the protype nitrophenol//NaBH4battery is designed for efficient material conversion and power output, which is very attractive for green energy systems.

Graphical AbstractIn patients with heart and vascular disease, filling out quick standard test that evaluates your health status and completing a 2-min cognitive test that evaluates aspects such as speed and attention, reveals important information about your future heart and vascular risk. Lower scores on these tests were associated with a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular causes, risk of getting a heart attack, stroke, or amputation, even after controlling for many other known risk factors.These insights may help our understanding of who is at higher risk of future heart and vascular events, and may give us new angles for interventions that may help prevent this risk, such as whole person interventions improving physical fitness, mental health, and cognitive functioning.