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Prostheses and implants have been widely utilized in the orthopedic and dental fields. Nowadays, significant advances have been made in the structural and functional connection between living bone and prostheses, especially in the presence of compromised bone quantity/quality. Despite improvement in the treatment outcomes after augmentation, there are still challenges to meet the clinical demands due to limited materials available. In the current study, we investigated the effects of nano-nacre particles as an alternative material on stimulating bone cell differentiation and formation. Mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on nano-nacre/type I collagen composite scaffold (NN-ICS) and type I collagen scaffold (ICS). Generated nano-nacre particles showed controlled release of protein and calcium for a period of 36 days. NN-ICS significantly contributed to the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts compared to ICS controls. Our data showed that nano-nacre particles could serve as a candidate of bone substitution material, which potentially contributed to treatment outcomes in cases with compromised bone quality and/or quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of black rice anthocyanidins (BRACs) on retinal damage induced by photochemical stress are not well known. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93M for 1 week, after which 80 rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with (n = 40) or without BRACs (n = 40) for 15 days, respectively. After treatment, both groups were exposed to fluorescent light (3,000 ± 200 lux; 25°C), and the protective effect of dietary BRACs were evaluated afterwards. Our results showed that dietary BRACs effectively prevented retinal photochemical damage and inhibited the retinal cells apoptosis induced by fluorescent light (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BRACs inhibited expression of AP-1 (c-fos/c-jun subunits), up-regulated NF-κB (p65) expression and phosphorylation of IκB-a, and decreased Caspase-1 expression (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BRACs improve retinal damage produced by photochemical stress in rats via AP-1/NF-κB/Caspase-1 apoptotic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]