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ABSTRACTDue to the importance of product and geographical diversification of exports, the gravity equation was used to predict export diversification for 19 Asian countries from 2004 to 2017 and the System Generalised Method of Moments was used to analyse the dynamic impact of globalisation at the disaggregated level of the diversification of sectoral exports and the goods specialisation on income inequalities. The results show that sectoral diversification of exports is the driving force of inequality. Furthermore, increased diversification of exports in the highly-income countries of Asia increases inequality and has little impact on low-income countries in Asia.

Dual-mode photodetectors (PDs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential optoelectrical applications. However, the widespread use of PDs is still limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors. In contrast, the solution processability and wide spectral tunability of perovskites have led to the development of various inexpensive and high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this study, we develop a high-performance electronically modulated dual-mode PD with near-infrared (NIR) narrowband and visible light broadband detection based on organic–inorganic hybrid methylammonium lead halide perovskite (MAPbX3; MA = CH3NH3and X = Cl, Br, and I) single crystals with a pnp configuration. The operating mode of the dual-mode PD can be switched according to voltage bias polarity because the photon absorption region and carrier transport performance are tuned at different bias voltages. The dual-mode PD exhibits a NIR light responsivity of 0.244 A/W and a narrow full width at half-maximum of ∼12 nm at 820 nm at positive voltages and an average visible light responsivity of ∼0.13 A/W at negative voltages. The detectivities of both modes are high (∼1012Jones), and the linear dynamic range is wide (>100 dB). Our study provides a new method for fabricating multifunctional PDs and can expand their application in integrated imaging systems.

The accurate estimation of parameters is the premise for establishing a high-fidelity simulation model of a valve-controlled cylinder system. Bench test data are easily obtained, but it is challenging to emulate actual loads in the research on parameter estimation of valve-controlled cylinder system. Despite the actual load information contained in the operating data of the control valve, its acquisition remains challenging. This paper proposes a method that fuses bench test and operating data for parameter estimation to address the aforementioned problems. The proposed method is based on Bayesian theory, and its core is a pool fusion of prior information from bench test and operating data. Firstly, a system model is established, and the parameters in the model are analysed. Secondly, the bench and operating data of the system are collected. Then, the model parameters and weight coefficients are estimated using the data fusion method. Finally, the estimated effects of the data fusion method, Bayesian method, and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm on system model parameters are compared. The research shows that the weight coefficient represents the contribution of different prior information to the parameter estimation result. The effect of parameter estimation based on the data fusion method is better than that of the Bayesian method and the PSO algorithm. Increasing load complexity leads to a decrease in model accuracy, highlighting the crucial role of the data fusion method in parameter estimation studies.

Solution-processed lead halide perovskite single crystals (LHPSCs) are believed to have great potential in gamma-ray spectroscopy. However, obtaining low-defect LHPSCs from a solution at low temperatures is difficult compared to obtaining Bridgman single crystals such as CdTe and Si. Herein, noise from the intrinsic defects of LHPSCs is considered as the main problem hindering their gamma-ray detection performance. By isolating the defect-induced holes in LHPSCs via energy barriers, we show that NIN photodiodes based on three types of LHPSCs, i.e., MAPbBr3(MA = CH3NH3), MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5, and cascade LHPSCs, have demonstrated good energy resolution in the range of 6.7–10.3% for 662 keV 137Cs gamma-ray photons. The noise for >10 mm3devices is low, in the order of 340–860 electrons, and the electron collection efficiency reaches 23–43%. These results pave the way for obtaining low-cost, large, high energy-resolution gamma-ray detectors at room temperature (300 K).

Although epitaxial growth is the fundamental method to realize lattice matched heterojunctions in electronics manufacturing, large-scale epitaxial single crystal layers based on solution-processing have rarely been reported. Here, cascade organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals with purity quotient over 99.9% consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine are fabricated by solution-processed epitaxial growth, in which the mismatch rate between adjacent layers is less than 1%. The area of solution-processed epitaxial growth is proved up to 4 cm2, and the speed reaches nearly 100 nm s–1. The resulting high-quality interface effectively improves bonding between adjacent layers, and the average mobility is calculated to be over 200 cm2V–1s–1in samples with different structures. Based on a specific structure with n-type, p-type, and intrinsic layers, a 7.55 mm-thickness X-ray photodiode with sensitivity 1.58 μC mGy–1cm–2is fabricated. This work provides a different method for fabricating solution-processed based electronic devices and makes stable perovskite-based devices more accessible.

Narrowband photodetectors have wide application potential in high-resolution imaging and encrypted communication, due to their high-precision spectral resolution capability. In this work, we report a fast response, high spectral rejection ratio, and self-filtered ultranarrowband photodetector with a new mechanism, which introduces bulk recombination by doping Bi3+and cooperates with surface recombination for further quenching photogenerated charges generated by short-wavelength-light excitation in perovskite single-crystal. A perovskite film focused on collecting charges is fabricated on the single crystal by a lattice-matched solution-processed epitaxial growth method. Due to the formation of PN heterojunctions, a narrowband photodetector in this mechanism has remarkable spectral selectivity and detection performance with an ultranarrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 7.7 nm and a high spectral rejection ratio of 790, as well as a high specific detectivity up to 1.5 × 1010Jones, a fast response speed with a rise time and fall time of ∼8 and 137 μs. The ultrafast and ultranarrow spectra response of self-filtered narrowband photodetector provides a new strategy in high-precision and high-resolution photoelectric detection.

Sensitive thermometry or thermography by responding to blackbody radiation is urgently desired in the intelligent information life, including scientific research, medical diagnosis, remote sensing, defense, etc. Even though thermography techniques based on infrared sensing have undergone unprecedented development, the poor compatibility with common optical components and the high diffraction limit impose an impediment to their integration into the established photonic integrated circuit or the realization of high-spatial-resolution and high-thermal-resolution imaging. In this work, we present a sensitive temperature-dependent visible photon detection in Bi-doped MAPbX3(X = Cl, Br, and I) and employ it for uncooled thermography. Systematic measurements reveal that the Bi dopant introduces trap states in MAPbX3, thermal energy facilitates the carriers jumping from trap states to the conduction band, while the vacancies of trap states ensure the sequential absorption of visible photons with energy less than the band gap. Subsequently, the change of response toward the visible photon is applied to construct the thermograph, and it possesses a specific sensitivity of 2.11% K–1along temperature variation. As a result, our thermograph presents a temperature resolution of 0.21 nA K–1, a high responsivity of 2.06 mA W–1, and a high detectivity of 2.08 × 109Jones at room temperature. Furthermore, remote thermal imaging is successfully achieved with our thermograph.

Narrowband photodetectors (NPDs) with the capability of detecting light within a selective wavelength range are in high demand for numerous emerging applications such as imaging systems, machine vision, and optical communication. Halide perovskite materials have been developed for eliminating the current complex filtering systems in NPDs due to their beneficial properties, while currently NPDs using perovskite materials are limited by hardly fully eliminated short wavelength response, low charge collection efficiency (CCE), complex fabrication process, and so forth. Herein, a series of perovskite single-crystalline heterojunctions (PSCHs) with a structure of Bi-MAPbX3/MAPbY3are fabricated by liquid phase epitaxy for filter-free narrowband detection. By varying the halide component in the PSCH, the PSCH-based NPDs can realize continuously tunable spectral response range from blue to NIR regions and ultra-narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of <20 nm. Specifically, the PSCH-based NPD with a high CCE under a large electric filed shows a high spectra rejection ratio of >1000, a fast response speed with rise/fall time of ∼160/∼225 μs, and long-term stability more than 3 months in ambient air. This work provides a simple strategy for designing low-cost and high-performance filter-free NPDs with a tunable spectral response.

X-ray photodiodes made of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) which directly convert X-ray photons into electron-hole pairs have shown advantages in low-cost and high X-ray detection sensitivity. However, lattice-mismatched blocking layers deposited by spin-coating or evaporation cannot fully limit the dark current and noise current under large reverse bias. In this work, Solution-processed dopant incorporated epitaxial growth is employed to form sufficient blocking barriers through epitaxially growing lattice-matched n-type MHPs (bismuth-doped) and p-type MHPs (silver-doped) on opposite faces of intrinsic CH3NH3PbBr2.5Cl0.5MHP single crystals. Through energy structure design, electron/hole blocking layers can form sufficient charges barriers, the X-ray PDs exhibit a low leakage dark current density of ~ 11 nA cm−2under large reverse electrical field (over 500 V cm−1) and noise current of 47 fAHz−0.5(1 mm2, over 500 V cm−1). The large external electrical field enables a state-of-art response speed (fall) of 750 ns, large X-ray detection sensitivity of 36.0μCmGy−1cm−2and the lowest detectable dose rate of 16 nGys−1(40 kVp). This work will motivate new strategies to fabricate high-performance devices based on perovskites using solution-processed methods. These founding also explore a new generation of low dose and high dynamic X-ray detectors based on MHPs.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Introduction: The FMS-like tyrosine (FLT3) gene encodes a class III receptor tyrosine kinase, belonging family members, including c-kit, c-FMS, FLT1, and PDGF-ΒR. FLT3 plays a key role in the hematopoiesis. It was discovered that in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FLT3 is frequently mutated. Furthermore, constitutive activation of FLT3 by internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation is one of the most common molecular variants in AML, occurring in approximately 20% to 30% of AML patients who have a comparatively poor clinical outcome and increased relapse rate. In the last years, next generation sequencing technology has allowed a high- throughput, comprehensive profiling of cancer genomes that can aid in making clinical decisions in the process of diagnosis and treatment. A few reports included somatic genomic profiling in AML with FLT3-ITD. However, none comprehensive genomic profiling data shows in chinese population. In this study, we sequenced 26 FLT3-ITD AML samples to show genomic profiling with multiple mutations types and discover the mutations associated with FLT3-ITD based on in-house bioinformatics mutation calling pipelines.