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Background: Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounts for the highest number of deaths worldwide. Despite curing millions, the currently used drug regimens are bounded by various limitations such as long course of therapy, emergence of resistance and permanent tissue damage. The treatment of multidrug-resistant and extremely drugresistant tuberculosis is a challenging task due to its reliance on second-line drugs which are less potent and more toxic than those used in the clinical management of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Therefore, the major challenges in the upcoming years are to overcome the emergence of increased number of multidrug-resistant as well as extensively drug-resistant strains and the ineptness of the current treatment regimens against latent tuberculosis. Bedaquiline and Delamanid are the only new anti-TB drugs that have been currently approved since more than 40 years after discovery of isoniazid. Bedaquiline is the first diarylquinoline derivative that has showed resilient culture conversion at 24 weeks in phase IIb trials. Methods: Extensive literature search on the topic was undergone using a focused question. Results: Fifty-eight research articles from journals of repute are included in the review. The vaccine and peptide-based conjugates are recent developments against Mycobacterium for selective and specific targeting to the desired tissues. Conclusion: In this review, we have focused on the different classes of chemical as well as plant based compounds as potent antitubercular agents against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains. This review falls light on the importance of research been undergoing in different parts of the world to combat the ever increasing problem of mycobacterial resistance and the various treatment options available for the treatment of tuberculosis.

•Benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized.•Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitroantimicrobial and anticancer potentials.•The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitroand in vivoantitubercular activity.•Compound 10was found to be the most active antibacterial agent.•Compound 19inhibited isocitrate lyase to 67.56%.•Compound 19was highly cytotoxic against MCF7 cancer cell line.

Background: A molecular iodine catalyzed synthesis of quinoxalines with phenylenediamines (1) and epoxides (2), mediated by visible-light under open atmosphere in the absence of a photoredox catalyst, has been developed. Methods: Good to excellent yield of the desired products was obtained at room temperature. We have also extended our protocol by the utilization of phenacyl bromide (3). Result: Use of photochemical activated pathway showed a considerable advantage over previously reported methods for the synthesis of highly significant heterocycles.

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases nowadays and is a great topic for research as the challenging task is to develop new entities with selectivity towards cancerous cells. Heterocyclic compounds are of great importance in medicinal chemistry as they possess an extensive range of therapeutic applications. Benzimidazole is one such important heterocyclic organic compound having structural analogy to nucleotides found in human body and hence is an important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. A variety of marketed drugs containing benzimidazole are thiabendazole, flubendazole (anthelmintic), astmizole (antihistaminic), lansoprazole and omeprazole (antiulcerative). In the light of the above facts, this review is an attempt to summarize the collective contributions from the authors around the world in the field of anticancer agents. This review highlights synthetic schemes and anticancer activity results of the research done in the past years.

In the past years, many diazenyl compounds (i.e diazenecarboxamides, diazeniumdiolate prodrugs, diazenyl complexes etc.) have been prepared for the evaluation of their cytotoxic potential towards various cancer cell lines. Majority of them have shown promising cytotoxic activities even against several drug resistant cell lines. These derivatives have shown their effect by acting as alkylating agents, releasers of cytotoxic NO, targeting receptors like tyrosine kinase, EGFR or targeting enzymes like GST, AGT, CDKs etc. Their interaction with different receptors or enzymes leads to DNA damage, necrosis or apoptosis resulting in cell death. The present review will cover updated information on the synthetic methodologies and cytotoxic potential of diazenyl derivatives developed during the past years along with the recent developments. This may prove to be helpful for the researchers to develop novel anticancer drugs in future by molecular modifications of potential derivatives with better cytotoxic activities.

During the past decade, the arena of polymer therapeutics has acquired considerable interest and accompanied by advanced designs and chemical properties of polymer-drug conjugates. Various polymers, such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been used successfully for clinical utilization from decades. These polymers are used in combination of drugs in such a manner that they target the specific tissues and thus the toxicity of drugs to other tissues is reduced. Presently, numerous polymer drug conjugates are under clinical trial for treatment of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis etc. Many protein-polymer conjugates have been approved by FDA for clinical use but till date, no polymer-synthetic drug conjugate is approved by FDA, although many of them are undergoing final phase of clinical trials. This review highlights the recent advancements in the polymer-drug conjugates for treatment of various diseases and their preclinical and clinical status.

In last decade, the development of new drugs and drug products for central nervous system (CNS) has remained limited due to incomplete elucidation of pathophysiology of many CNS disorders, complexity of the diseases and the lack of technologies for delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this article we will summarize the development of diazenyl derivatives of many biologically active moieties like benzodiazepine, formazan, indole, pyrimidine, thiazole, sulfonamide etc. as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for CNS. The potential of already existing azo compounds as potent CNS agents have also been discussed. This overview will provide the researchers an opportunity for further development of new diazenyl derivatives in CNS area.