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Mining cities are special ecosystems that distinguish from general mining areas. They combine the influence of mining activities, natural factors, and other anthropogenic factors. In this study, we proposed a method called MMD to extract the mining disturbance on vegetation, and explored the driving mechanism between NDVI and natural, socio-economic and accessibility factors. The main results were as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2014, the decline rate of NDVI in the Fengfeng District was 0.0015/yr, and from 2014 to 2022, the growth rate of NDVI was 0.0058/yr. The overall trend was positive growth; (2) The response of NDVI to mining activities showed a distance decay pattern, with 2.0 km from the mine as the turning point of impact degree and 3.0 km as the boundary of the impact range; (3) The impact intensity of six factors in descending order was population density > gross domestic product density > precipitation> temperature > elevation> distance to the road. Natural factors were positive factors, and socio-economic factors were negative factors. In addition, socio-economic factors held the dominant position, whereas the impact on vegetation showed a declining trend. It's worth noting that natural factors exceeded gross domestic product density as the dominant factors in 2015. This study can provide scientific reference for the green transition development of mining cities. • We proposed a method called MMD to quantify the impact range of mining on vegetation. • 2.0 km and 3.0 km from the mine field boundary were the turning points and boundary points for the magnitude of mining impacts. • The impact of driving factors on NDVI shows spatial heterogeneity. • The impact strength of socio-economic factors on NDVI is greater than that of natural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]