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Accurately obtaining crop cultivation extent and estimating the cultivated area are significant for adjusting regional planting structure. This study proposes a parcel-level crop classification method using time-series, medium-resolution, remote sensing images and singlephase, high-spatial-resolution, remote sensing images. The deep learning semantic segmentation network feature pyramid network with squeeze-and-excitation network (FPN-SENet) and multi-scale segmentation were used to extract cultivated land parcels from Gaofen-2 imagery, while the pixel-level crop types were classified by using support vector machine algorithms from time-series Sentinel-2 images. Then, the parcel-level crop classification was obtained from the pixel-level crop types and land parcels. The proposed method was tested in southwestern China to extract main winter-spring crops and achieved a good performance. Specifically, the FPN-SENet model outperformed other models in cultivated land extraction, with an F1 of 0.872. The crop classification overall accuracy is 0.910 and the kappa coefficient is 0.861. This study provides a technical reference for monitoring cultivated land and can be applied in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion inhibition properties and mechanisms of quinoline quaternary ammonium salt (QA) and L-methionine (LM) on pre-corroded Q235 carbon steel in 1wt% HCl solution were studied using the weight loss method and molecular simulation technology. The degree of pre-corrosion of steel will affect the corrosion inhibition performance of the corrosion inhibitor. QA and LM compete to adsorb to the iron surface to form a film, and the repulsion between the corrosion product and the film reduces the slow-release performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although thoracoscopic surgery has become the routine surgical method for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), thoracoscopic treatment for recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (rTEF) is far from popularized. We aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic treatment for rTEF with a large-cohort study. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 103 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery for rTEF by one surgeon after EA/TEF repair at two different institutions in China from 2014 to 2021. One hundred and three pediatric patients (67 boys) were enrolled and the primary operations were performed via thoracoscopic (n = 75, 72.82%) or open surgery (n = 28, 27.18%). The median age at rTEF diagnosis was 5 (3, 10) months after the primary repair. Patients were diagnosed with recurrent fistula to the trachea (n = 97, 94.17%), bronchi (n = 4, 3.88%), and lung parenchyma (n = 2, 1.94%), and all of them underwent thoracoscopic surgery at a median age of 7 (5, 14) months with a median weight of 6200 (4870, 7650) g. After the repair of rTEF, the incidence of esophageal leakage, esophageal stricture, and TEF recurrence were 12.8%, 33.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. After the follow-up, 87 patients survived, 6 died, and 10 were lost to follow-up. The results of thoracoscopic surgery for rTEF were comparable with previously reported thoracotomy surgery. Owing to the clear field during the operation, rapid patient recovery and esthetic results, the thoracoscopic approach could be a better choice for experienced pediatric surgeons. LEVEL IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is currently known about this topic? • Esophageal pulmonary fistula is a special type complication that occurs after esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair, which is also classified as acquired tracheoesophageal fistula by some scholars. • What new information is contained in this article? • We described the characteristics esophageal pulmonary fistula and carried out thoracoscopic surgery firstly with satisfactory results in a short follow-up time. Esophageal pulmonary fistula is a special type of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula that occurs after esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair. Thoracotomy is the surgical repair method currently in use, but postoperative outcomes are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the preliminary safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of thoracoscopic surgical repair of esophageal pulmonary fistula. We retrospectively collected data from all patients with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to October 2021, and the clinical characteristics of patients with esophageal pulmonary fistula were analyzed. Clinical information was recorded, and follow-up was performed. Seven patients (five boys and two girls) were diagnosed as esophageal pulmonary fistula. All patients underwent multiple esophageal surgeries and had esophageal strictures before surgical repair. Clinical manifestations included cough, expectoration, and recurrent pneumonia. Esophagography indicated the location of the fistula with a 100% positive rate, while the positive rate of flexible bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography was 57% (4/7) and 43% (3/7), respectively. Surgical repair was achieved using thoracoscopy with an average operation time of 172 min. All patients developed esophageal strictures, four of which had refractory esophageal strictures and underwent esophageal dilations ranged from 5 to 56 times before this surgery, but anastomotic leakage or acquired esophageal pulmonary fistulas were absent post-surgery. After a median follow-up of 22 months, all patients survived, and the symptoms were well controlled. Esophageal pulmonary fistula is a rare complication of atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair. Thoracoscopic surgery is still possible even after previous multiple surgeries in the chest with significant complications and satisfactory results can be achieved in the short term. Level III [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces FusionDiff, a novel unified end-to-end image fusion network based on diffusion probabilistic models. The proposed method addresses the data dependency issue present in current unified image fusion approaches. Initially, the method pre-fuses the source images after diffusion. Subsequently, a noise prediction network forecasts the noise applied to the pre-fused image. During this stage, the Spatially-Adaptive Constraint layer is employed to restrict the fusion image, thereby maximizing the preservation of respective source image features. Finally, in the reverse process, skip-sampling is employed to effectively overcome the computational time drawback of traditional diffusion probabilistic models while maintaining high-quality image generation. Compared to other diffusion model-based image fusion methods, our approach stands out for its structural simplicity and ease of training, serving as a unified image fusion method. Furthermore, compared to other unified image fusion methods, our proposed network fully leverages the generalization of the diffusion probabilistic model, achieving adaptive feature extraction by constraining the inverse process of source images. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results across four classic image fusion tasks demonstrate the superiority of our method over state-of-the-art unified image fusion methods in recent years. • We propose a unified image fusion method based on the Diffusion Probabilistic Models. • We address the issue of data dependency, requiring training on only one multi-focus dataset to be applicable to other image fusion tasks. • We designed a spatially-adaptive constraint layer to impose conditional constraints on the diffusion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the shear behavior of the interface between a high-density polyethylene geomembrane and a needle-punched nonwoven geotextile (GT) under monotonic loading conditions. Direct shear tests were conducted using a self-designed experimental apparatus. The effects of interface types (textured geomembrane (GMX) and smooth geomembrane (GMS)), normal stress levels (50-600 kPa), and shear displacement rates (0.1-100 mm/min) were taken into consideration. Moreover, to better understand the shear behavior, the internal shear strength of GT was compared with the interface strengths. Mechanisms of this shear behavior were analyzed based on the test results. According to these findings, the GMS/GT interface shear deformation was governed by two important stages. The test data also provide microscale insights into the GMX/GT interaction mechanisms over lower and higher normal stress levels, which were governed by three stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocluster aerosols (NCA, particles <3 nm) are associated with climate feedbacks and potentially with human health. Recent studies have revealed the formation of NCA through ozone reaction with human surfaces, primarily skin lipids, in indoor environments. However, the formation of NCA via ozone chemistry on worn clothing, acting as a reservoir for human skin lipids, remains unexplored, along with the influence of various environmental factors that may play a role in NCA formation and subsequent growth. To bridge this knowledge gap, our study experimentally investigated NCA generation from ozone-worn clothing chemistry in a climate-controlled chamber. We examined the dependence on ozone levels (30 vs. 80 ppb), ammonia (NH 3 , 300 vs. <150 ppb), relative humidity (RH, 40 vs. 65%), and background air condition (filtered vs. unfiltered air). We found that the ozonolysis of worn clothing contributes to NCA formation at a rate ranging from 1010 to 1011 NCA per hour. Elevated ozone levels caused a threefold increase in NCA generation, whereas reduced NH 3 levels were associated with a small decrease in larger-sized NCA formation. Elevated RH caused a decrease in total NCA, especially for 1.27–1.55 nm. The influence of background air condition was inconsistent, probably owing to dynamic NCA behavior influenced by two opposing forces: enhanced generation by synergic reactions of ozone, background chemicals, and the worn clothing, and increased loss by coagulation and condensation. This study highlights the nuanced factors driving NCA generation from ozone-clothing chemistry. • Ozone reaction with worn clothing generates nanocluster aerosols (NCA). • The higher the ozone levels, the stronger the NCA formation. • The effect of NH 3 level was marginal, yet remains to be further explored. • Elevated humidity decreased NCA formation. • The influence of background air cleanliness on NCA formation showed inconsistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined microwave ablation (MWA) and osteoplasty as a palliative therapy for painful bone metastases.Materials and Methods: As an extension of a previous limited single-center study, a retrospective review was conducted for 147 patients (77 male, 70 female) with painful bone metastases who underwent MWA combined with osteoplasty. In total, 102 (69.4%), 41 (27.9%), and 4 (2.7%) patients had spinal metastases, extraspinal metastases, and both, respectively. Treatment efficacy was determined by comparing visual analog scale (VAS) scores, daily morphine equivalent opioid consumption, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before treatment and during the follow-up period (mean follow-up, 9.8 months; range 3-16).Results: The mean VAS score significantly declined from 6.4 ± 2.3 before treatment to 3.2 ± 2.1, 1.9 ± 1.6, 1.8 ± 1.6, 1.8 ± 1.6, and 1.9 ± 1.6 at 24 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after treatment, respectively (P < .01). Furthermore, the mean daily morphine equivalent opioid consumption was significantly reduced from 81.5 ± 32.8 mg before treatment to 40.0 ± 20.6, 32.4 ± 10.2, 26.4 ± 10.0, 21.5 ± 8.3, and 19.3 ± 7.4 mg. The mean ODI score also declined after treatment (P < .0001). Major complications occurred in 4 of 147 patients, with 1 pathologic fracture, 1 nerve injury, and 2 mild skin infections. Minor cement leakages were observed at 69 sites (32.8%).Conclusions: MWA combined with osteoplasty is an effective and safe treatment for painful bone metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on the characteristics of low-latitude plateau rainstorm is the current hot spot of meteorological research. Therefore, in this paper, we take China's Yunnan Province as the research object, and systematically carry out the diagnosis study of the duration of heavy rainstorms in low-latitude plateau areas. Yunnan belongs to the subtropical plateau area, with sufficient rainfall and distinct dry and wet seasons. The vertical change of temperature with the topography is particularly significant. Through the analysis of the geographical and climatic characteristics, combined with the research on the background of the influence of atmospheric circulation on the heavy rain in Yunnan, the duration of heavy rains in Yunnan in multiple time periods in 2019 is analyzed. Under the interaction of the East Asian cold trough and the south branch trough, and under the influence of the subtropical high in the western Pacific and the south branch trough continues to move southward, a water vapor channel is formed from the Bay of Bengal to southwestern Yunnan. The mesoscale low pressure is affected by the strong cold air, which promotes the development of convection, and strengthens the tropical mesoscale cyclones and causes the instability of convection. Combined with the complex topography of Yunnan, it has resulted in long-term continuous heavy rain in Yunnan. Finally, through the test of the rainfall from 0:00 on July 28 to 12:00 on July 31, the results show that the rainfall during this period is mainly concentrated from 0:00 on July 29 to 12:00 on July 30. The amount of precipitation changes from high to low, and the rainfall in some areas has exceeded 13mm, which lasts for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retroperitoneal neuroblastomas predominantly encroach upon critical structures, complicating surgical intervention and yielding elevated rates of surgery-associated complications. The kidney and renal vasculature represent the organs most susceptible to retroperitoneal neuroblastoma infiltration. Prior investigations have revealed high nephrectomy incidence and a paucity of renal-preserving surgical approaches. A retrospective analysis was undertaken, examining patients with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma who underwent surgical procedures from January 2018 to December 2019 at Beijing Children's Hospital. The study encompassed 225 patients, presenting a median age of 37 months. Concomitant nephrectomy and tumor excision were performed in 11 (4.9%) patients, while 214 (95.1%) patients successfully preserved their kidneys during surgery. Among the patients who retained their kidneys, 8 (3.5%) experienced renal atrophy postoperatively. Predominant rationales for simultaneous nephrectomy included tumor invasion into the renal hilum (n = 9), markedly diminished function of the affected kidney (n = 2), and ureteral infiltration (n = 1). Subsequent to a median follow-up duration of 43 months, the outcomes demonstrated no considerable divergence in overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) between the nephrectomy and renal-preserving cohorts among high-risk (HR) neuroblastoma patients. Among the eight HR children who underwent nephrectomy, four experienced local recurrence. The nephrectomy cohort exhibited a significantly elevated cumulative incidence of local progression (CILP) relative to the renal-preserving group. In high-risk retroperitoneal neuroblastoma patients, nephrectomy does not enhance CILP, EFS, or OS. The guiding surgical tenet involves preserving the kidney while striving for gross total resection of the primary neoplasm, barring instances of severe deterioration of the affected renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report experimental evidence of interparticle spatial overlapping of orbitals to result in interparticle chargetransfer excitation (ICTE) at an anatase-rutile interface which is expected to be applicable to clarify the relative band position of metal-oxides and mixture homogeneity of mixture samples measured by reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new compounds were isolated from herbal material of Carpesium abrotanoides L. • The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and ECD calculation. • Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against tumor cells with IC50 values ranging from 11.46 to 23.68 μM. Two new compounds, named carpabrotalactone C (1) and methyl 8-[2(5 H)-furanon-5-yl]octanoate (2), were isolated from the herbs of Carpesium abrotanoides L. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and ECD calculation. Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines, with IC 50 values from 11.46 to 23.68 μM. Meantime, compound 1 showed weak inhibitory eff ;ects on LPS-induced NO release in RAW 264.7 cell lines, with IC 50 value of 63.23 ± 2.55 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced traffic signal timing method plays very important role in reducing road congestion and air pollution. Reinforcement learning is considered as superior approach to build traffic light timing scheme by many recent studies. It fulfills real adaptive control by the means of taking real-time traffic information as state, and adjusting traffic light scheme as action. However, existing works behave inefficient in complex intersections and they are lack of feasibility because most of them adopt traffic light scheme whose phase sequence is flexible. To address these issues, a novel adaptive traffic signal timing scheme is proposed. It's based on actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm, and advanced techniques proximal policy optimization and generalized advantage estimation are integrated. In particular, a new kind of reward function and a simplified form of state representation are carefully defined, and they facilitate to improve the learning efficiency and reduce the computational complexity, respectively. Meanwhile, a fixed phase sequence signal scheme is derived, and constraint on the variations of successive phase durations is introduced, which enhances its feasibility and robustness in field applications. The proposed scheme is verified through field-data-based experiments in both medium and high traffic density scenarios. Simulation results exhibit remarkable improvement in traffic performance as well as the learning efficiency comparing with the existing reinforcement learning-based methods such as 3DQN and DDQN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the safety, feasibility, and complications of pancreatectomies for pediatric pancreatic tumors. The medical records of pancreatectomy patients from January 2007 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for perioperative factors and complications. Patients were divided into pancreatic head (n = 43), body (n = 18) and tail (n = 43) groups. Seventy-two girls and 32 boys (median age 10 years at diagnosis, range: 0–15 years) were enrolled and had solid pseudopapillary tumors (n = 73), pancreatoblastoma (n = 19), neuroendocrine tumors (n = 9), and others. Primary surgical procedures included pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 10) and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 4), and organ-sparing resection procedures included duodenum-preserving pancreas head resection (n = 25), middle segmental pancreatic resection (n = 15), spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n = 37) and local enucleation (n = 13), with a median blood loss of 20 cm3 (range: 10–300 cm3). Short-term complications included pancreatic fistula (35.6%), bile leakage (2.9%), intraabdominal infection (21.2%), delayed gastric emptying (23.1%), and postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (5.8%). After a median follow-up of 38 months (range: 3–143 months), 94 patients (90.4%) were alive without tumor recurrence, 2 were alive after tumor recurrence, 1 pancreatoblastoma patient died from tumor recurrence, and 7 were lost to follow-up. Only 14 patients (14/96, 14.6%) had long-term complications at the outpatient follow-up. Surgical resection was the main treatment for pancreatic tumors. Organ-sparing resection procedures led to good long-term results for pediatric pancreatic tumors, even if these procedures could cause a relatively high incidence of short-term complications (especially pancreatic fistula and postpancreatectomy hemorrhage). Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Indocyanine green guided surgery is safe and feasible in children with hepatoblastoma. • Indocyanine green guided surgery is helpful for locating tumor and determining margin. • Indocyanine green plays an indispensable role in minimally invasive surgery. • Chemotherapy, tumor depth, and ICG administration impact the fluorescence imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence guided surgery has been used to treat childhood hepatoblastoma (HB), but the advantages and disadvantages of this technique have not been fully discussed. The purpose of this study is to summarize the experience and to explore the clinical value of this technique for children with HB. 45 children with HB who underwent ICG fluorescence guided surgery (n = 22) and general surgery (n = 23) in our center from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled retrospectively. All the liver tumors in the ICG group showed hyperfluorescence, including total and partial fluorescent types. With the help of ICG navigation, minimally invasive surgery was performed in 3 cases. 18.2 % of cases with tumors could not be accurately identified under white light, but could be identified by fluorescence imaging. The fluorescent cutting lines of 59.1 % of cases were consistent with the safe cutting lines. In 36.4 % of cases, the fluorescence boundary was not clear because of tumor necrosis. In 36.4 % of cases, the fluorescence could not be detected on the inner edge of the tumors because of the depth. A total of 29 ICG (+) suspicious lesions were found during the operations, of which 5 were true positive lesions. ICG fluorescence guided surgery is safe and feasible in children with HB. This technique is helpful for locating tumors, determining margin and finding small lesions with negative imaging, especially in minimally invasive surgery. However, preoperative chemotherapy, tumor necrosis, tumor depth, and ICG administration impact the effect of fluorescence imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clothing has been identified as a potential source of exposure to particulate matter accumulated from human and environmental sources. However, limited studies have investigated the deposition of airborne particles onto worn clothing surfaces. In a controlled chamber, we investigated size-resolved particle deposition (0.2–10 μm) onto a seated thermal manikin as a function of (i) distinct clothing materials and skin area coverages, including (a) short-sleeve cotton shirt (63 % cotton, 34 % polyester, 3 % elastane), (b) long-sleeve cotton shirt (98 % cotton, 2 % elastane), (c) short-sleeve polyester shirt (100 % polyester), (d) long-sleeve fleece jacket (100 % polyester), and (e) long-sleeve sweater (68 % wool, 32 % polyamide); and (ii) three air speeds (19 cm/s, 26 cm/s, and 33 cm/s). We found that the size-dependent particle deposition loss rate coefficients onto high-roughness clothing material, such as wool/polyamide, were 2–27 % higher than smooth materials, such as cotton. Roughness parameters of clothing were found to be positively associated with deposition loss rate coefficients. As the air speed in the chamber increased, the deposition loss rate coefficient increased. Expectedly, we observed an exponential relationship between deposition loss rate coefficients and particle size. Our results suggest that the type and properties of clothing and air speed are strong determinants of environmental particle uptake by the clothing and could play an essential role in influencing the inhalation exposure of the wearer. [Display omitted] • Particle deposition onto worn clothing was investigated and compared to the bare skin scenario. • The highest deposition was found in wool/polyamide, followed by fleece, polyester, and cotton. • The roughness of clothing and airspeed were positively associated with depositions onto clothing. • Depositions onto clothing increased with supermicron particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]