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Feedback is a crucial component of student learning. As advancements in technology have enabled the adoption of digital learning environments with assessment capabilities, the frequency, delivery format, and timeliness of feedback derived from educational assessments have also changed progressively. Advanced technologies powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) enable teachers to generate different types of feedback supporting student learning. Despite the rapid uptake of digital technologies in education, previous studies on educational feedback primarily focused on the theoretical underpinnings of feedback practices, which are limited in terms of their coverage of AI-based technologies. This paper aims to inform both researchers and practitioners about the present and future of AI applications in feedback practices, identify and organize potential areas for the use of AI for feedback purposes, and establish venues for AI research and practice in educational feedback. Furthermore, the role of the three branches of AI (i.e., natural language processing, educational data mining, and learning analytics) in feedback practices and potential areas for their future development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Studies on the partial thrombosis of a false lumen after repairing a type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the effects of a partially thrombosed false lumen on the segmental growth rates, distal aortic reoperations, and long-term survival. Methods The postoperative computed tomography scans of 67 patients were retrospectively reviewed. A false lumen was independently defined at 3 segments of the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) on the last follow-up computed tomography scan: the proximal segment near the aortic arch, the distal segment near the diaphragm, and the middle segment. Results The segmental aortic growth rate of completely thrombosed, completely patent, and partially thrombosed false lumens was -0.10 ± 0.31, 0.09 ± 0.22, and 0.35 ± 0.60 mm/mo at the proximal DTA (P = .001), -0.04 ± 0.18, 0.12 ± 0.19, and 0.28 ± 0.28 mm/mo at the middle DTA (P < .001), and -0.02 ± 0.13, 0.07 ± 0.07, and 0.16 ± 0.14 mm/mo at the distal DTA (P < .001), respectively. The corresponding freedom from reoperation rates for the proximal DTA at 10 years were 100%, 88%, and 62% (P = .013). The overall 10-year survival rate was 89% and was not significantly different among the study groups. Conclusions Partial thrombosis at each segment of a residual false lumen after TAAAD repair correlated with a faster regional aortic growth rate and predicted a greater reoperation rate but did not affect long-term overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origami is a paper art used to create three-dimensional (3D) objects by cutting and folding a single sheet of paper. Origami is labor-intensive and requires a high skill level to generate two-dimensional (2D) objects that pop-up into realistic 3D objects. However, this special feature makes designing an origami architecture procedure challenging. This paper provides a novel algorithm to create an origami paper card from a 3D model with a user-specified folding line. The algorithm segments the 2D shape from a 3D model and creates layers of the pop-up paper card using a directed acyclic graph. After applying layers to the layout, the algorithm creates connections between layers, and then outputs the origami layout. Based on a directed acyclic graph, the algorithm computes a class of paper architectures containing two sets of layers and connections that approximate the input geometry while guaranteeing that a pop up card is physically realizable. The proposed method is demonstrated with a number of paper pop-ups, and physical experimental results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photographs of several angles of a heart is presented which include the superior vena cava, right ventricle and aortic arch.