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The controlled gluten challenge /c.g.c./ although questioned recently is still the only recognized measure for the diagnosis of coeliac disease /C.D./. Therefore the sensitivity and the dynamics of antiendomysial antibodies /IgA-EmA/ were analysed in the 68 positive c.g.c. which were performed according schedule: gluten 0,5g/kg/day for the first 6 months and unlimited gluten containing diet subsequently. The c.g.c. were classified in the following categories: 41/68 c.g.c. in cases where initial diagnosis was documented histologically, 20/68 c.g.c. from rural area where initial diagnosis was based on the clinical picture only and 7/68 c.g.c. performed in teenagers in whom C.D. had been diagnosed previously to reveal cases of spontaneous recovery. The presence of the IgA-EmA was confirmed in all 68/68 positive gluten challenges /sensitivity 100%/. In the course of c.g.c. IgA-EmA appeared earlier /range 1ma-6m/ than unequivocal villous destruction has been documented /range 6m-12m/. In all 68/68 cases the IgA-EmA appeared before 12 month c.g.c. have been completed.The IgA-EmA are the highly sensitive marker in the monitoring of c.g.c.The c.g.c. may be limited to 12 months instead of 24 month period as recommended by now.