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The incidence of bone metastasis (BM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is low and the prognosis is poor. There is no clear conclusion on the risk factors affecting the survival of CRC patients with BM. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that may affect the prognosis of CRC patients with BM. The clinical and pathological data of CRC patients with BM were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival after BM diagnosis was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Log-rank test, and a multivariable cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors of overall survival. This study included 178 CRC patients with BM, of whom 151 had left-sided CRC and 27 had right-sided colon cancer. 1124 CRC patients with BM from the SEER database were included to perform a sensitivity analysis of the primary outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that the N staging, site of BM, and primary tumor sidedness (PTS) were independent prognostic factors for CRC with BM. Among them, right-sided colon cancer patients with BM had a poorer prognosis. Sensitivity analyses showed that PTS was an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients with BM. Primary tumor sidedness and N stage may be potential prognostic markers for BM of CRC. The prognosis of N0 stage CRC with BM is better, while the prognosis of right-sided colon cancer is poor.

Background: Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) with intent to achieve a pathological R0 resection is now considered as the only chance of a long-term survival for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) invading into adjacent organs. Lately, laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration (LTPE) is performed and achieved in several specialized centers and showed a promising application prospect. Although this is universally realized by surgeons, there are only few specialized centers to perform this complex surgery, due to concerns about the high morbidity and mortality. The techniques associated need to be disclosed and facilitated. Objective: The aim of this article is to introduce a fascial space priority approach for laparoscopic TPE step by step (with video). Methods: We describe here a fascial space priority approach for LTPE in highly selected patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The main principle of this approach is that all of the pelvic organs are considered as a whole, the non-vascular spaces surrounding it are separated in the first place, the vascular pedicle and nerve pedicle of pelvic organs can be isolated and then transected precisely. Meanwhile, the associated key landmarks of this approach are disclosed (see the video). Results: The ureterohypogastric nerve fascia (UHGNF) and the vesicohypogastric fascia (VHGF) are two vital embryological planes on the lateral compartment of pelvis. The spaces on either side of them together with the retrorectal space, the space of Retzius, are all non-vascular spaces, and dissection of these spaces in LTPE surgery can be achieved simply and practicably. The ureter, the umbilical artery, the arcus tendinous fasciae pelvis (ATFP), piriformis and the puboprostatic ligament (PPL) are all important landmarks during surgery. Step-by-step illustration with precise anatomical landmarks in the present video may lead to less intraoperative blood loss and complications. Conclusions: LTPE with fascial space priority approach might be a standard surgical procedure for total pelvic exenteration with clear anatomy and reduced blood loss.

Intrinsic autophagy is important for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and intestinal regeneration. Ionizing radiation suppresses intrinsic autophagy and reduces damage-induced regeneration in the intestine, resulting in intestinal injury. Resveratrol, a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) agonist, promotes autophagy and exerts radioprotective effect. In this study, the protective effect of resveratrol against radiation-induced intestinal injury and its potential mechanism were investigated. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were exposed to 10 Gy ionizing radiation and resveratrol (0.1–40.0 μM). Cell viability was investigated using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), apoptosis was observed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptotic and autophagic proteins was determined by western blotting. Resveratrol exerted a high toxicity against IEC-6 cells, but at low concentrations, it inhibited ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. Resveratrol increased SIRT1 expression after irradiation and inhibited ionizing radiation-induced p53 acetylation and pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, expression. Furthermore, resveratrol promoted autophagy via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby protecting IEC-6 cells against radiation-induced damage. These results suggest that resveratrol reduces radiation-induced IEC-6 cell damage by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy via the activation of SIRT1, and that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the induction of autophagy.

The ilmenite-type MgMnO3and ZnMnO3with honeycomb Mn layers exhibit distinctive magnetic ground states. In experiments, MgMnO3exhibits a Néel antiferromagnetic alignment, in which both nearest-neighbor (NN) J1and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) J2exchange interactions are antiferromagnetic, while ZnMnO3has zigzag antiferromagnetic ordering with NN ferromagnetic and NNN antiferromagnetic coupling. On the basis of ab initioband structure calculations, we explain the deviation of NN J1exchange coupling from antiferromagnetic (MgMnO3) to ferromagnetic (ZnMnO3) as originating from the intensive hybridization between the occupied Zn 3d10orbitals with those of the bridging O 2p states, strongly depending on the position of the orbitals. In addition, our results indicate that, in combination with the NN J1coupling, the considerably large third-nearest-neighbor (TNN) J3exchange interaction plays an important role in erecting the magnetic ground states, rather than the experimentally proposed NNN J2. Furthermore, our findings highlight the important role of not only the electronic configurations but also the positions of the nonmagnetic cations in determining the essence of the magnetic exchange interactions. Therefore, the hybridization effect of nonmagnetic cations should not be dismissed in an analysis of the magnetic properties of transition-metal oxides.

There are many heterogeneous sensing nodes in the sensing layer of the Internet of Things, and the amount of data transmission is huge, which puts high requirements on the allocation of network bandwidth. At the same time, untrusted sensing nodes maliciously invade network resources. Therefore, how to confirm whether a sensing node is trusted and reasonably allocate network resources is an urgent problem to be solved. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a sensing network resource allocation model based on trusted groups. Through the sensing node computing environment and behavior measurement, we can identify and exclude untrusted nodes, so the trusted group can be built. Then the network resources are distributed from a global perspective. Based on the available bandwidth of the link, a network resource fusion model of IPv4 and IPv6 is proposed. On this basis, a global network resource allocation model is further proposed. Afterwards, real-time monitoring of data transmission behavior ensures data security during transmission. Simulation experiments show that this mechanism can effectively optimize the bandwidth allocation in the data transmission process and has little effect on the running efficiency of existing network applications. At the same time, it can effectively guarantee the trust of nodes and achieve trusted data transmission.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in CRC. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC tissue samples compared with control samples in mRNA and miRNA datasets were screened. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was carried out. Targets of the DEMs were identified. Overlaps between the DEGs and targets of DEMs were selected. The miRNA–mRNA regulatory network of these overlaps was constructed and visualized. The candidate genes selected were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. DEGs were identified and considered DEGs-1 and DEGs-2. A total of 584 genes in DEGs-1 and 527 genes in DEGs-2 were obtained, including 465 overlaps, and 44 DEMs were identified. The overlaps were enriched in 46 Gene Ontology terms and 19 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Moreover, 137 overlapped genes between targets of the DEMs and the 465 overlaps were obtained. The miRNA–mRNA regulating network of the 137 overlapped genes was constructed. Extracellular matrix-related proteins and pathways might play critical roles in the development of CRC. The quantitative real-time PCR results of the candidates were in agreement with the bioinformatics analysis. miR-128, miR-182, and miR-143might be key miRNAs regulating cell proliferation and metastasis of CRC.

Recent studies have identified a novel programmed cell death based on copper, named cuproptosis. However, as an anti-cuproptosis gene, the functional roles, definite mechanisms and prognostic value of CDKN2A in pan-cancer are largely unclear. The GEPIA2, cancer genome atlas (TCGA), the tumor immune estimation resource 2.0 and CPTAC databases were performed to validate the differential expression of CDKN2A in 33 tumors. The clinical features and survival prognosis analysis were conducted by GEPIA2 and UALCAN web tool. Genetic alteration analysis of CDKN2A in pan-cancer was also evaluated. Furthermore, the functional roles of CDKN2A were explored via DNA methylation analysis, tumor microenvironment, infiltration of immune cells, enrichment analysis and gene co-expression associated with cuproptosis and immune regulation. The CDKN2A expression, both at the transcriptional and translational level, was obviously upregulated in most cancer patients, which might lead to poor survival in certain cancer types. CDKN2A expression was significantly associated with tumor pathological stages in some cancer types. In adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), DNA methylation of CDKN2A was explored to induce poor clinical outcomes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that CDKN2A expression was closely related to several cancer-associated signaling pathways, such as the p53 signaling pathway, Cellular senescence, DNA replication and Cell cycle signaling pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis suggested that aberrantly expressed CDKN2A took part in the cell cycle regulation, immune regulation and mitochondrial signaling pathways in certain cancer patients. In addition, aberrant CDKN2A expression was closely correlated to immune infiltration and the levels of immune-regulatory genes. The study deeply defined the concrete roles of cuproptosis-related gene CDKN2A in tumorigenesis. The results provided new insights and pieces of evidence for treatment.

Background. H2.0-like homeobox (HLX) is highly expressed in several hematopoietic malignancies. However, the role of HLX in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has rarely been reported. Methods. In this study, the data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The diagnostic value of HLX was analyzed by the R package “pROC.” The overall survival was estimated using the “survival” and “survminer” packages. A nomogram was established to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of CRC patients. The CIBERSORT software was employed to calculate the relative proportions of 22 immune cells. Results. HLX expression was downregulated in CRC patients. Remarkably, HLX expression was increased with stage (stage I–stage III) of CRC, and the CRC patients with high HLX expression exhibited a poor prognosis. The promoter methylation level of HLX was prominently increased in CRC samples compared to paracancerous samples. We also found that the six miRNAs target HLX genes, leading to its downregulation, and HLX expression had a negative correlation with its downstream target gene BRI3BP in both CRC and normal samples. Finally, we found that the 12 immune infiltrating cells were observably different between high and low HLX expression groups. The HLX had a significant positive correlation with 8 immune checkpoints (PD-1 (PDCD1), CTLA4, PDL-1 (CD274), PDL-2 (PDCD1LG2), CD80, CD86, LAG3, and TIGIT) expressions. Conclusion. HLX probably played a carcinostasis role in the early stages of CRC but exhibited a cancer-promoting effect in the advanced stages. Meanwhile, HLX could serve as a reliable prognostic indicator for CRC.

By means of density functional theory calculations with the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling, we present a comprehensive investigation of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the novel series of ilmenite-type honeycomb lattice iridates MIrO3(M = Cd, Zn, and Mg), the potential candidates for realizing the quantum spin liquid. Our findings are as follows: (i) the structural relaxations could not properly capture the abnormal thin two-dimensional honeycomb IrO6layers in CdIrO3, making the experimentally proposed crystal structure questionable. Furthermore, the calculations within the experimental structure could not correctly determine the magnetic ground state; however, the results within the optimized one rectify this scenario and provide a precise and reasonable description of its electronic and magnetic properties, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations and that of Zn and Mg analogues. In this regard, we hope that our report will inspire additional studies on this issue and eventually resolve the crystal structure of CdIrO3. (ii) We identified that the magnetic ground state of this series of iridates MIrO3is the zigzag antiferromagnetic ordering, where ferromagnetic zigzag chains are coupling antiferromagnetically across the bridging bonds within a hexagon. (iii) Though it is widely assumed that all the iridates can be well described based on the spin–orbit-assisted Jeff= 1/2 Mott insulating state model, detailed analysis of electronic band structures indicates that the formation of quasimolecular orbitals (QMOs) within a hexagon plays a non-negligible role in appropriately depicting the electronic and magnetic properties. Finally, (iv) we found that all the antiferromagnetic patterns are insulating with finite band gaps. Clarifying the effect of magnetic ordering on the electronic structures is important because it reminds us of potential erroneous identification/prediction of the ground state. The results suggest that precisely determining the magnetic ground state and adopting it in the simulations are imperative for faithfully rendering the electronic properties of a compound. Our results underline the importance of structural factor, spin–orbit coupling, correlation correction, the formation of the QMOs within the hexagon, as well as magnetic ordering in elucidating the electronic structure of a series of ilmenite-type honeycomb lattice iridates MIrO3.

A femtosecond light pulse at 480 nm in wavelength was generated during filamentation of an intense 808 nm femtosecond laser pulse propagating along the x axis and polarized between the y and z axes of a KTP crystal. It was proven that the parametric amplification process by a fourth-order nonlinear polarization (χ^(4)(ω_2,ω,ω,ω,−ω_1)) induces frequency generation at 480 nm, where the pump light comes from the incident laser and the seed light comes from the generated supercontinuum by filamentation. The wavelength of the generated signal could be turned from 460 to 520 nm by adjusting the propagation direction in the crystal.