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Photothermal detectors have attracted tremendous research interest in uncooled infrared imaging technology but with a relatively slow response. Here, Si/SnSe-nanorod (Si/SnSe-NR) heterojunctions are fabricated as a photothermal detector to realize high-performance infrared response beyond the bandgap limitation. Vertically standing SnSe-NR arrays are deposited on Si by a sputtering method. Through manipulating the photoinduced thermoelectric (PTE) behavior along the c-axis, the Si/SnSe-NRs heterojunction exhibits a unique four-stage photoresponse with a high photoresponsivity of 106.3 V W–1and high optical detectivity of 1.9 × 1010cm Hz1/2W–1under 1342 nm illumination. Importantly, an ultrafast infrared photothermal response is achieved with the rise/fall time of 11.3/258.7 μs. Moreover, the coupling effect between the PTE behavior and external thermal excitation enables an improved response by 288.4%. The work not only offers a new strategy to develop high-speed photothermal detectors but also performs a deep understanding of the PTE behavior in a heterojunction system.

To explore the metabolic basis of carotenoid accumulation in different developmental periods of apricot fruits, targeted metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted in four developmental periods (S1–S4) in two cultivars (Prunus armeniacacv. “Kuchebaixing” with white flesh and P. armeniacacv. “Shushangganxing” with orange flesh) with different carotenoid contents. 14 types of carotenes and 27 types of carotene lipids were identified in apricot flesh in different developmental periods. In S3 and S4, the carotenoid contents of the two cultivars were significantly different, and β-carotene and (E/Z)-phytoene were the key metabolites that caused the difference in the total carotenoid content between the examined cultivars. Twenty-five structural genes (including genes in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways) related to carotenoid biosynthesis were identified among the differentially expressed genes in different developmental periods of the two cultivars, and a carotenoid metabolic pathway map of apricot fruits was drawn according to the KEGG pathway map. The combined analysis of carotenoid metabolism data and transcriptome data showed that PSY, NCED1, and CCD4were the key genes leading to the great differences in the total carotenoid content. The results provide a new approach to study the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in apricot fruits.

Flag leaf angle is one of the key target traits in high yield wheat breeding. A smaller flag leaf angle reduces shading and enables plants to grow at a higher density, which increases yield. Here we identified a mutant, je0407, with an 84.34%–89.35% smaller flag leaf angle compared with the wild type. The mutant also had an abnormal lamina joint and no ligule or auricle. Genetic analysis indicated that the ligule was controlled by two recessive genes, which were mapped to chromosomes 2AS and 2DL. The mutant allele on chromosome 2AS was named Tafla1b, and it was fine mapped to a 1 Mb physical interval. The mutant allele on chr. 2DL was identified as Taspl8b, a novel allele of TaSPL8with a missense mutation in the second exon, which was used to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker. F3and F4lines derived from crosses between Jing411 and je0407were genotyped to investigate interactions between the Tafla1band Taspl8balleles. Plants with the Tafla1b/Taspl8agenotype had 58.41%–82.76% smaller flag leaf angles, 6.4%–24.9% shorter spikes, and a greater spikelet density (0.382 more spikelets per cm) compared with the wild type. Plants with the Tafla1a/Taspl8bgenotype had 52.62%–82.24% smaller flag leaf angles and no differences in plant height or spikelet density compared with the wild type. Tafla1b/Taspl8bplants produced erect leaves with an abnormal lamina joint. The two alleles had dosage effects on ligule formation and flag leaf angle, but no significant effect on thousand-grain weight. The mutant alleles provide novel resources for improvement of wheat plant architecture.

Lesion mimic often exhibits leaf disease-like symptoms even in the absence of pathogen infection, and is characterized by a hypersensitive-response (HR) that closely linked to plant disease resistance. Despite this, only a few lesion mimic genes have been identified in wheat. In this investigation, a lesion mimic wheat mutant named je0297was discovered, showing no alteration in yield components when compared to the wild type (WT). Segregation ratio analysis of the F2individuals resulting from the cross between the WT and the mutant revealed that the lesion mimic was governed by a single recessive gene in je0297. Using Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and exome capture sequencing, we mapped the lesion mimic gene designated as lm6to chromosome 6BL. Further gene fine mapping using 3315 F2individuals delimited the lm6within a 1.18 Mb region. Within this region, we identified 16 high-confidence genes, with only two displaying mutations in je0297.Notably, one of the two genes, responsible for encoding flavonol synthase, exhibited altered expression levels. Subsequent phenotype analysis of TILLING mutants confirmed that the gene encoding flavonol synthase was indeed the causal gene for lm6. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that the DEGs between the WT and mutant were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis, including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, more than 30 pathogen infection-related (PR) genes exhibited upregulation in the mutant. Corresponding to this expression pattern, the flavonoid content in je0297showed a significant decrease in the 4thleaf, accompanied by a notable accumulation of reactive oxygen, which likely contributed to the development of lesion mimic in the mutant. This investigation enhances our comprehension of cell death signaling pathways and provides a valuable gene resource for the breeding of disease-resistant wheat.

Induced mutation is an important approach for creating novel plant germplasms. The introduction of dwarf or semi-dwarf genes into wheat has led to great advancements in yield improvement. In this study, four elite dwarf wheat mutants, named dm1–dm4, induced from γ-ray irradiation or ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, were used to identify transcriptome variations and dwarfing mechanisms. The results showed that the hotspot regions of mutations distributed on the chromosomes were consistent among the four mutant lines and these regions were mainly located around the 50, 360 and 400 Mb positions of chromosome 1A and the distal regions of chromosomes 2A and 2BL. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggested that ‘protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum’ was the most common significantly enriched pathway based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wildtype (WT) and the mutants. Notably, 18 out of 20 genes involved in this process encode heat shock proteins (HSPs). The results implied that HSPs might participate in wheat dwarfism response and function in the dwarfism process through protein folding and/or degradation. Moreover, seven genes in dm4involved in modulating auxin levels were down-regulated and dm4was more sensitive to auxin treatment compared with WT, indicating the important roles of auxin in regulation of dwarf phenotype in dm4. This study not only identified transcriptome sequence variation induced by physical and chemical mutagenesis but also revealed potential dwarfing mechanisms in the wheat mutant lines.

•Effects of Carbon ion beam irradiation on physiological and biochemical pathways of Cannabis fructus fruit analyzed using a multi-omics approach.•Carbon ion beam irradiation affects the expression of proteins related to the carbon fixation pathway, fatty acid synthesis pathway, JA synthesis and glutathione metabolism pathway in Cannabis fructus.•Carbon ion beam irradiation at a dose of 60 Gy resulted in larger Cannabis fructus seeds, higher thousand kernel weight and increased linolenic acid content.

The molecular pathogenesis of infection by hepatitis B virus with human is extremely complex and heterogeneous. To date the molecular information is not clearly defined despite intensive research efforts. Thus, studies aimed at transcription and regulation during virus infection or combined researches of those already known to be beneficial are needed.

We report on the high-temperature characteristics and stability of both alloyed Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts and nonalloyed Al/Au ohmic contacts to n-type GaN at temperatures up to 600 degC in air. The alloyed contacts showed a specific contact resistivity (rc) of 6.8 x 10[?]6 O cm2 at room temperature after fabrication. rc did not change with temperature or show degradation after the application of thermal stress at 600 degC for 4 h in air. The rc of nonalloyed contacts was reduced by two orders of magnitude and stabilized to 5 x 10[?]6 O cm2 after the application of high-temperature thermal stress. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were used to analyze the metal-semiconductor interface to understand the formation of the low-resistivity and high-stability ohmic contacts at high temperature. Our study reveals the high stability of both alloyed and nonalloyed ohmic contacts for GaN-based electronic devices operating at high temperatures in air.