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This article presents a novel real-time iterative compensation (RIC) method using plant-injection feedforward architecture for motion control of ultraprecision wafer stages, addressing the severe challenge of achieving extreme tracking accuracy along with strong task flexibility and disturbance rejection ability. The RIC method establishes an online prediction model to accurately predict upcoming tracking errors during real-time motion. The prediction result enables the online generation of optimal plant-injection feedforward signal at each sampling control instant via iterative calculation, which enhances tracking accuracy and dynamical regulation capability. Various trajectory tracking tasks have been implemented on an ultraprecision wafer stage. Experimental results demonstrate that RIC matches the high tracking accuracy of well-acknowledged iterative learning control while offering superior task flexibility and disturbance rejection ability.

C22H27NO4, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a= 9.3356(8) Å, b= 10.2842(11) Å, c= 11.5902(12) Å, α= 103.266(4)°, β= 106.189(3)°, γ= 97.779(4)°, V= 1016.20(18) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0413, wRref(F2) = 0.0928, T = 293 K.

Early detection and intervention of cancer or precancerous lesions hold great promise to improve patient survival. However, the processes of cancer initiation and the normal–precancer–cancer progression within a non-cancerous tissue context remain poorly understood. This is, in part, due to the scarcity of early-stage clinical samples or suitable models to study early cancer. In this Review, we introduce clinical samples and model systems, such as autochthonous mice and organoid-derived or stem cell-derived models that allow longitudinal analysis of early cancer development. We also present the emerging techniques and computational tools that enhance our understanding of cancer initiation and early progression, including direct imaging, lineage tracing, single-cell and spatial multi-omics, and artificial intelligence models. Together, these models and techniques facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the poorly characterized early malignant transformation cascade, holding great potential to unveil key drivers and early biomarkers for cancer development. Finally, we discuss how these new insights can potentially be translated into mechanism-based strategies for early cancer detection and prevention.

Purpose: Mass participation sport events, such as running events, have the potential to foster social capital among event participants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships among sport event participation, social capital and various (behavioral, psychological, informational and negative) outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: Following Putnam's social capital approach, a research model was developed and tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, based on survey data from 301 runners with varied running histories and event experiences. Findings: Results showed a limited impact of sport event participation on participants' social capital, indicating that the temporary interactions within the event timeframe were insufficient to generate sustainable social capital among event participants. Nevertheless, significant relationships were found between social capital and behavioral, psychological and informational outcomes of social capital, suggesting that social capital can be converted to a range of benefits for participants and the event community. Practical implications: Event marketers and sponsors should take strategic actions to enhance participants' social experience and cultivate social capital, which may help them gain support from the event community irrespective of past experiences with participation. Originality/value: This study extends Putnam's social capital framework into mass participation sport event context. As an initial effort to quantitatively test the linkage among event participation, social capital and various outcomes, this study offers empirical insights into the role of sport event participation in generating long-term social benefits for event participants.

A highly selective and divergent synthesis which enabled access to various complex compounds is highly attractive in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we developed an effective method for divergent synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydroquinolines via Lewis base catalyzed switchable annulations of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with activated olefins. The reaction displayed switchable [4 + 2] or [3 + 2] annulations via catalyst or substrate control, providing a diverse range of architectures which contained highly substituted tetrahydroquinolines or cyclopentenes with three contiguous stereocenters bearing a quaternary carbon center in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and regioselectivities. Furthermore, synthetic utility of this strategy was further highlighted by gram-scale experiments and simple transformations of the products.

For precision motion systems widely applied in industrial manufacturing equipments, it is critical to achieve both high trajectory tracking accuracy and superior disturbance rejection ability. In this article, a novel nonlinearity compensation and high-frequency flexibility suppression based real-time iterative compensation (RIC) method is proposed to achieve excellent tracking performance in practice. The unexpected nonlinearity and high-frequency flexible mode of the plant, which limits the achievable control performance, is first compensated and suppressed. Subsequently, a RIC method based on accurate linear prediction model is proposed to further reduce the tracking error by adding a compensation term to the initial reference trajectory. The trajectory compensation idea of RIC is comparative to remarkable iterative learning control (ILC), but the proposed RIC can online generate and adjust the compensation term during real-time motion without abundant offline iteration trials in ILC. This mechanism significantly enhances the robustness to trajectory variations and external disturbances. Comparative experiments carried out on a ball-screw-driven precision motion stage with full-closed loop position feedback validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for various trajectory tracking tasks. The proposed method outperforms ILC on tracking performance, and possesses the robustness to various disturbances and reference variations, which leads to industrial application significance.

Fostering data visualization literacy (DVL) as part of childhood education could lead to a more data literate society. However, most work in DVL for children relies on a more formal educational context (i.e., a teacher-led approach) that limits children's engagement with data to classroom-based environments and, consequently, children's ability to ask questions about and explore data on topics they find personally meaningful. We explore how a curiosity-driven, child-led approach can provide more agency to children when they are authoring data visualizations. This paper explores how informal learning with crafting physicalizations through play and curiosity may foster increased literacy and engagement with data. Employing a constructionist approach, we designed a do-it-yourself toolkit made out of everyday materials (e.g., paper, cardboard, mirrors) that enables children to create, customize, and personalize three different interactive visualizations (bar, line, pie). We used the toolkit as a design probe in a series of in-person workshops with 5 children (6 to 11-year-olds) and interviews with 5 educators. Our observations reveal that the toolkit helped children creatively engage and interact with visualizations. Children with prior knowledge of data visualization reported the toolkit serving as more of an authoring tool that they envision using in their daily lives, while children with little to no experience found the toolkit as an engaging introduction to data visualization. Our study demonstrates the potential of using the constructionist approach to cultivate children's DVL through curiosity and play.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of desire for hastened death (DHD) among patients with advanced cancer and to identify factors associated with DHD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients with advanced cancer in Hunan Cancer Hospital. The patients were assessed using Chinese version of the Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death, Karnofsky Performance Scale, Quality of Life (QOL), MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module-9.ResultsThe number of patients with or without DHD were 71 (31.3%) and 156 (68.7%), respectively. Follow-up visits and average and high QOL were protective factors for DHD; severely disturbed sleep, symptoms that severely interfered with mood, and symptoms that severely interfered with relations with other people were risk factors for DHD.ConclusionsThe incidence of the DHD in patients with advanced cancer at home is high. Those who have low QOL, severely disturbed sleep, symptoms that severely interfered with mood, or symptoms that severely interfered with relations with other people should be paid attention to. These data provide a theoretical basis for the early detection and diagnosis of the desire to accelerate death of patients with advanced cancer.

The C4F7N-CO2 mixture is considered the most promising alternative gas to SF6 in high voltage power apparatuses. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using C4F7N-CO2 as an SF6 alternative to switch the current in a 126 kV disconnector. Firstly, the insulation performance of the mixture of C4F7N and CO2 was investigated and the appropriate fraction of the C4F7N-CO2 gas mixture was found to be 5% by taking the limitation of minimum operating temperature into account. Secondly, the arc interruption capability of C4F7N-CO2 and SF6 were compared. The arcing process of the bus-transfer current interruption was evaluated based on the magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) arc model. For the small inductive current interruption, the dielectric recovery properties were analyzed. In particular, the dielectric recovery strength of the C4F7N-CO2 during the post-arc phase was calculated based on the streamer inception criterion. Finally, the interruption experiments and type tests further verified the feasibility of the C4F7N-CO2 in the disconnector. The investigation in this paper demonstrates that the C4F7N-CO2 mixture can be used in the 126 kV disconnector to replace SF6.

ABSTRACTNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000896 (circFARSA) has been reported as being an oncogene and a potential biomarker for NSCL. However, the functional role and action mechanism of circFARSA in NSCLC progression have not been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that circFRASA was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and its expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Further experiments revealed that circFARSA knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitroexperiments, but overexpression of circFARSA exhibited opposite results. Mechanistically, circFARSA facilitated the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells by enhancing B7H3 expression through sponging miR-15a-5p. In vivoexperiments, knockdown of circFARSA restricted tumor growth and metastasis. In conclusion, circFARSA served as a sponge of miR-15a-5p to promote tumorigenesis and development of NSCLC by upregulation of B7H3 expression, which provided evidence of circFARSA maybe act as a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Coal-mining activities give rise to a series of ecological environmental problems, such as ground settlement and groundwater pollution. In fact, they are mainly caused by mining-induced fractures. Hence, it is necessary to study the mining-induced fracture distribution to identify the behavior of rock mass movement. However, the fractures in overburden strata cannot be directly measured owing to the special condition. Therefore, the majority of previous studies are based on experiments or experience. For this reason, this study first used a discrete element method to simulate the shape of mining-induced fractures in overburden strata. Then, a geophysical tool of transient electromagnetic method (TEM) was used to investigate the mining-induced fracture distribution. Based on the low-resistivity anomaly area, the water-rich area in overburden strata was analyzed to be mainly caused by fracture seepage. Through the mutual authentication between numerical simulation and TEM results, the mining-induced fractures in overburden strata were explored. This study can enhance the understanding of mining-induced fracture distribution on the one hand and guarantee the coal mining safety on the other, thus guiding the coordinated development between coal mining and environmental protection. The transient electromagnetic method is an effective method to analyze the water-rich area and mining-induced fracture distribution in overburden strata. The distribution of mining-induced fractures is similar to semi “X” in overburden strata.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA (miR)-497-5p in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its predictive value for the occurrence of adverse major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of serum miR-497-5p in 110 ACS patients and 82 controls. And miR-497-5p levels were found to be significantly elevated in the patients (P < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed that miR-497-5p was positively correlated with Gensini scores (r = 0.684). The area under the Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.861, which significantly identified patients with ACS, and was confirmed by logistic regression (OR = 8.533, 95%CI = 4.113–17.787, P< 0.001). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression was performed to evaluate the predictive value of miR-497-5p in the occurrence of MACEs during a 6-month follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ACS. The results demonstrated that miR-497-5p was an independent predictor of MACEs (HR = 4.773, 95%CI = 1.569–12.036, P= 0.013) and that patients with high level of miR-497-5p were more likely to develop MACEs after PCI (long-rank P= 0.019). Finally, miR-497-5p positively correlated with endothelial proinflammatory and adhesion factors. Our study suggests that serum miR-497-5p is a potential diagnostic marker for ACS and its elevated levels can predict a high risk of MACEs in ACS patients after PCI. And this may be associated with vascular endothelial injury.

In an attempt to find the biorational pesticides, 20 novel chalcone derivatives containing a piperazine fragment were designed and synthesized. Their fungicidal activities and preliminarily action mechanism against Rhizoctonia solaniwere evaluated. Strikingly, the biological activity of compound D2was obtained by optimizing the structure of the system. Subsequently, the practical value of compound D2was ascertained by the relative surveys on in vivoanti-R. solaniand anti-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results revealed by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that compound D2could induce irregular and shrivelled growth of mycelium and rupture of the mycelium surface. This study indicates that chalcone derivatives containing a piperazine skeleton had better inhibitory effect on plant fungi, providing further complementary research on new pesticides.

Conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy could not conduct high-sensitivity determination of available cobalt due to spectral interference and weak spectral intensity. To improve the poor detection sensitivity of available cobalt in soil, available cobalt was extracted from soil and prepared. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence was introduced to excite and detect the cobalt element. The results showed that coefficients of the calibration curve for the available cobalt element could reach 0.9991, and the limits of detection could reach 0.005 mg/kg in soil under optimized conditions, which were all much better than conventional LIBS and reach the international minimum detection standards. This work provides a possible approach for detecting available trace elements in soil.

In order to provide high-quality sport events and cultivate economic, social, and environmental benefits in the local community, regional sport commissions in the US form partnerships with organizations across sectors. Building on Parent and Harvey's partnership framework, this study seeks to reveal the components and processes of the collaboration between sport commissions and their partners in the delivery of sport events and subsequent outcomes. Using purposive and convenient sampling, data were collected from 12 in-depth interviews with leaders in sport commissions and partnering organizations based on their accessibility and familiarity with the research topic. The study identifies five main areas and multiple subcomponents of event-based partnerships, providing empirical evidence for Parent and Harvey's partnership model. The findings advance this model by specifying the outcomes, challenges, and positive conditions for event-based partnerships and showing interactions between partnership components. More importantly, the findings contribute to a greater understanding of the partnership complexities and dynamics in the sport event-specific context and provide practical insights for sport commissions and other sport event organizers to strategically manage and maintain sport event-based partnerships.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable and highly heterogeneous brain tumor, originating from human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs/hNPCs) years ahead of diagnosis. Despite extensive efforts to characterize hNSCs and end-stage GBM at bulk and single-cell levels, the de novo gliomagenic path from hNSCs is largely unknown due to technical difficulties in early-stage sampling and preclinical modeling. Here, we established two highly penetrant hNSC-derived malignant glioma models, which resemble the histopathology and transcriptional heterogeneity of human GBM. Integrating time-series analyses of whole-exome sequencing, bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, we reconstructed gliomagenic trajectories, and identified a persistent NSC-like population at all stages of tumorigenesis. Through trajectory analyses and lineage tracing, we showed that tumor progression is primarily driven by multi-step transcriptional reprogramming and fate-switches in the NSC-like cells, which sequentially generate malignant heterogeneity and induce tumor phenotype transitions. We further uncovered stage-specific oncogenic cascades, and among the candidate genes we functionally validated C1QL1 as a new glioma-promoting factor. Importantly, the neurogenic-to-gliogenic switch in NSC-like cells marks an early stage characterized by a burst of oncogenic alterations, during which transient AP-1 inhibition is sufficient to inhibit gliomagenesis. Together, our results reveal previously undercharacterized molecular dynamics and fate choices driving de novo gliomagenesis from hNSCs, and provide a blueprint for potential early-stage treatment/diagnosis for GBM.

BackgroundInfertility affects approximately 15% of couples worldwide with male infertility being responsible for approximately 50% of cases. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates the critical role of the X chromosome in spermatogenesis during the last few decades, the expression patterns and potential impact of the X chromosome, together with X linked genes, on male infertility are less well understood.MethodsWe performed X chromosome exome sequencing followed by a two-stage independent population validation in 1333 non-obstructive azoospermia cases and 1141 healthy controls to identify variant classes with high likelihood of pathogenicity. To explore the functions of these candidate genes in spermatogenesis, we first knocked down these candidate genes individually in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) using short interfering RNA oligonucleotides and then generated candidate genes knockout mice by CRISPR-Cas9 system.ResultsFour low-frequency variants were identified in four genes (BCORL1, MAP7D3, ARMCX4and H2BFWT) associated with male infertility. Functional studies of the mouse SSCs revealed that knocking down Bcorl1or Mtap7d3could inhibit SSCs self-renewal and knocking down Armcx4could repress SSCs differentiation in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 system, Bcorl1and Mtap7d3knockout mice were generated. Excitingly, Bcorl1knockout mice were infertile with impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, Bcorl1knockout mice exhibited impaired sperm motility and sperm cells displayed abnormal mitochondrial structure.ConclusionOur data indicate that the X-linked genes are associated with male infertility and involved in regulating SSCs, which provides a new insight into the role of X-linked genes in spermatogenesis.

Embryonic chromosomal abnormalities are the major cause of miscarriage. An accurate, rapid, and cheap method of chromosome analysis in miscarriage is warranted in clinical practice. Thus, a high-throughput ligation-dependent probe amplification (HLPA)-based method of detecting aneuploidies and copy number variations in miscarriage was developed. A total of 1060 cases of miscarriage were assessed. Each specimen was subjected to quantitative fluorescence (QF)-PCR/HLPA and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in parallel. All 1060 samples were successfully analyzed using both methods; of these samples, 1.7% (18/1060) were identified as having significant maternal cell contamination. Among the remaining 1042 cases without significant maternal cell contamination, QF-PCR/HLPA reached a diagnostic yield of 59.6% (621/1042), which is comparable to the yield of 60.3% (628/1042) with CMA. Compared with CMA results, the sensitivity and specificity of QF-PCR/HLPA in the identification of total pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities were 98.9% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in cases of spontaneous abortion was not significantly different from that in cases of recurrent miscarriage (61.3% versus 58.5%). In summary, QF-PCR/HLPA rapidly and accurately identified chromosomal abnormalities at a comparable performance and lower cost as compared with CMA. Combining simplicity and accuracy with cost-effectiveness, QF-PCR/HLPA may serve as a promising approach to routine genetic testing in miscarriage in clinical practice.

Rapid and accurate measurement of coal quality has great significance for efficient use of coal at thermal power plants. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods has many unique advantages in coal analysis. In this study, four calibration models, based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural network (ANN), and principal component regression (PCR), were applied assisted by the LIBS technique for the quantitative analysis of coal quality. In order to find the optimal calibration method with LIBS for coal analysis, the spectral data of 40 standard coal samples with pressed-pellet pretreatment were acquired through a LIBS experimental setup, and the modeling efficiency and prediction accuracy of the four chemometric methods were compared based on these spectral data. As a result, the modeling efficiency of PLSR was found to be the highest, that of SVR was the lowest, and that of ANN ranked third. In terms of prediction performance, ANN was found to work better than the other three chemometric methods, and the average absolute error (AAE) of prediction of ash content, volatile matter content and calorific value were 0.69%, 0.87%, and 0.56 MJ kg−1, respectively. ANN can seek the best compromise of modeling efficiency and prediction accuracy and is demonstrated to be an optimal multivariate calibration method with LIBS for online measurement of coal quality at thermal power plants.

The crystal structure of a material is essentially determined by the nature of its chemical bonding. Consequently, the atomic coordination intimately correlates with the degree of ionicity or covalency of the material. Based on this principle, materials with similar chemical compositions can be successfully categorized into different coordination groups. However, counterexamples have recently emerged in complex ternary compounds. For instance, covalent IB-IIIA-VIA2compounds, such as AgInS2, prefer a tetrahedrally coordinated structure (TCS), while ionic IA-VA-VIA2compounds, such as NaBiS2, would favor an octahedrally coordinated structure (OCS). One naturally expects that IB-VA-VIA2compounds with intermediate ionicity or covalency, such as AgBiS2, should then have a mix-coordinated structure (MCS) consisting of covalent AgS4tetrahedra and ionic BiS6octahedra. Surprisingly, only the experimental presence of the OCS was observed for AgBiS2. To resolve this puzzle, we perform first-principles studies of the phase stabilities of ternary compounds at finite temperatures. We find that AgBiS2indeed prefers MCS at the ground state, in agreement with the typical expectation, but under experimental synthesis conditions, disordered OCS becomes energetically more favorable because of its low mixing energy and high configurational entropy. Our work elucidates the critical role of configurational disorder in stabilizing chemically unfavorable coordination, providing a rigorous rationale for the anomalous coordination preference in IB-VA-VIA2compounds.

Electromagnetic active suspension can adjust stiffness and damping and is widely used in suspension. When the electromagnetic active suspension fails, the observer can be used for fault detection. In order to realize suspension fault detection under all road conditions, a double observer switching strategy is designed and simulated using MATLAB. Firstly, the switching strategies of the Kalman observer, unknown input observer (UIO) and double observer are designed, respectively. Then, for random roads, the Kalman observer is used for fault detection, while for bump road surfaces, the UIO is used for fault detection. The residoubles of the dynamic deflection of the suspension are used as switching conditions. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out with MATLAB, and the conclusion shows that the switching strategy of double observers is better than that of the Kalman observer and UIO in full road conditions.

Qualitative analysis using handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (HH-LIBS) usually suffers from spectral fluctuation. To reduce spectral discreteness and improve classification accuracy, 3 different data preprocessing methods namely minimum standard deviation (MSD), minimum distance (MD), and Weibull distribution (WD) were proposed. The classifications of 15 rock samples using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm assisted with these preprocessing methods were carried out. The results showed that the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the spectral intensities were reduced from 44.39% of the original spectra to 25.28, 19.67, and 27.26%, respectively. The classification accuracies of the rock samples were increased from 93.07% to 99.05, 97.04, and 99%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the preprocessing methods provide an effective approach for improving the analytical performance of HH-LIBS.

The fast detection of petroleum contaminants in soil is very important and urgent for environmental monitoring. Generally, the current methods for the detection of these kinds of contaminants require complex sample pre-treatment with the excessive use of toxic and volatile organic solvents or the analytical performances are not satisfactory enough for field-based applications. A method based on photocurrent measurements, named multiphoton electron extraction spectroscopy (MEES), was proposed to detect petroleum contaminants in a soil matrix in this study. The results showed that the resonance-excited wavelength of 326 nm had the highest selectivity for petroleum determination after a wide range of wavelengths was scanned with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser under ambient conditions. Linear regression was performed to fit the intensities and areas of the photocurrent curves to the petroleum concentration viaa least squares method. A LoD of 0.0091 wt% was achieved with an R2value of 0.9912 and a RMSECV value of 0.013 wt% viathe peak area approach, whose sensitivity and accuracy were slightly higher compared to the peak intensity method (LoD of 0.011 wt%, an R2value of 0.9315 and a RMSECV value of 0.020 wt%). This research provided us with a new method for the rapid determination of petroleum contaminants in soil samples with high accuracy.