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The research problem: In this article, we identify the hindering effect of industry monopolies and insufficient regulation on China's data asset market. We underscore the necessity for a robust, market-driven data-allocation mechanism to foster the country's digital economy and high-quality development. Motivation: The principal aim of this study is to analyze the catalytic role of government regulations and innovation subsidies in spurring innovation within digital firms, a crucial element in China's push for modernization and high-quality development. The investigation targets digital companies affected by regulatory measures, government institutions responsible for policy development, and policymakers and economists with vested interests in the digital economy and innovation. Adopted methodology: The study utilizes an evolutionary game analysis and fixed-effect regression, deploying a complex evolutionary game model to scrutinize innovation strategies amongst key industry players. The analysis is grounded in empirical data from key Chinese industry sectors over the past decade. Analyses: The findings reveal that government-led data regulation and subsidies, along with firms’ cybersecurity measures, are instrumental in facilitating innovation. However, innovation costs and penalties stifle this progress. These insights provide actionable policy recommendations designed to invigorate digital innovation and propel economic advancement.

The purpose of our study was to examine how individual complementors' development behaviors (specifically, diversity- and distinctiveness-oriented development behaviors) impact the performance of complementary goods on the platform. To achieve this, we employed fixed-effects regression analysis and utilized panel data obtained from the free music platform “DOVA.” This study examines two aspects of the performance of complementor’s complementary goods: the highest performance related to the success of the platform ecosystem and the lowest performance related to platform ecosystem sustainment. The findings indicate that a high focus on diversity-oriented development behavior is positively correlated with the complementor's highest performance and negatively correlated with complementor's lowest performance. Additionally, distinctiveness-oriented development behavior also positively correlated with complementor's highest performance. However, low distinctiveness-oriented development behavior is negatively correlated with complementor's lowest performance. We reveal desirable development behaviors for complementary goods related to both content innovation and platform ecosystem sustainability. Based on these understandings, platform owners can target platform governance.

Chronic hepatitis B is caused by prolonged infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can substantially increase the risk of developing liver disease. Despite the development of preventive vaccines against HBV, a therapeutic vaccine inducing an effective antibody response still remains elusive. The preS1 domain of the large HBV surface protein is the major viral attachment site on hepatocytes and thus offers a therapeutic target; however, its poor immunogenicity limits clinical translation. Here, we design a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine that can deliver preS1 to specific myeloid cells, including SIGNR1+dendritic cells (which activate T follicular helper cells) and lymphatic sinus-associated SIGNR1+macrophages (which can activate B cells). This nanoparticle vaccine induces a high-level and persistent anti-preS1 response that results in efficient viral clearance and partial serological conversion in a chronic HBV mouse model, offering a promising translatable vaccination strategy for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.

Financial support is essential to reduce carbon emissions (CEs) and achieve the green transformation of China. To detect the nexus of local finance and CEs, we constructed a two-sector (clean and dirty sectors) model to identify the channels from city commercial banks (CCBs) to CEs involving capital scale, structure, and efficiency. Using the setting of CCBs as a quasi-natural experiment, we applied difference-in-differences (DID), instrument variable (IV), and spatial DID methods to test the effects of the construction of CCBs on CEs in China during 2003 to 2018. The construction of CCBs promoted CEs in cities by offsetting the technological effect and stimulating electricity consumption expansion (scale effect) and reindustrialization (structural effect). CCBs’ branches strengthened the promotion effect of CCBs’ construction on CEs, but the mergers of CCBs mitigated the effect. The effects varied across regions with different features (covering location, per capita income, financial development, environmental regulation, industrial and energy structure, carbon source, and so on). The construction of CCBs showed a spatial spillover effect, increasing the CEs of neighbors. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to reduce CEs by optimizing CCBs management, policy making, and local carbon reduction efforts.JEL Classification:E44, G28, O16

Giant pandas have a high incidence of tooth wear, loss, and fracture since their diet is specifically bamboo. Dental implantation is a common treatment for tooth loss in humans while rarely reported in wild animals. To explore the applicability of dental implantation in giant pandas, this study measured mandible parameters of the giant panda, from an adult skeletal specimen. The mandible bone block model was developed using computer-aided design 3D mechanical drawing software. Implants of different radius and thread types of the third premolar tooth (PM3) were assembled and imported into an analysis software system for finite element analysis. As a result, the reverse buttress implant with a radius of 7.5 mm and 8.3 mm, and a length of 15 mm was found to be the most suitable implant for use in the giant panda PM3. This study provides a reference for appropriate clinical giant panda dental implantation, although, the feasibility of giant panda dental implantation needs to be studied further.

BiFeO3BaTiO3(BF–BT) ceramics exhibit higher piezoelectric coefficients (d33), Curie temperatures (TC), and temperature stability than other high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, despite their crucial role in piezoelectric devices, the mechanical properties of BF–BT ceramics have been underexplored. A thorough evaluation of the mechanical properties of BF–BT is crucial for developing cost-effective and durable lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Moreover, the specific causes of the high piezoelectric response and excellent temperature stability of BF–BT ceramics remain unclear owing to the instrumental detection threshold, which limits experimental studies to temperatures above 140 °C and below the degradation temperature of d33. To investigate the intrinsic origins of the high piezoelectricity and temperature stability of BF–xBT ceramics and to enhance their mechanical properties, a two-step sintering process is used to fabricate these ceramics (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.40). Owing to improvements in grain refinement and reduced Bi3+volatilization, the BF–0.33 BT ceramic exhibits enhanced overall performance, with a modified small punch strength of 155 MPa, Vickers hardness of 5.2 GPa, a d33of 220 pC/N at room temperature, TCof 466 °C, and d33values exceeding 400 pC/N at 260 °C. Phase-field simulations, which address the limitations of device detection thresholds, reveal that with increasing temperature, the domain structure relaxes, and polarization intensity decreases. This indicates that changes in the high-temperature piezoelectric properties can be attributed to domain structure relaxation and the increase in dielectric constant. Overall, BF–BT ceramics exhibit superior piezoelectric performance, mechanical properties, and temperature stability, making them highly suitable for use in high-temperature and demanding environments.

With the development of networks and social media, audio and video have become a more popular way to communicate. Those audio and video can spread information to create some negative effect, e.g., negative sentiment with suicide tendency or threatening messages to make people panic. In order to keep a safe network environment, it is necessary to recognise emotion in dialogues. To improve recognition of continuous emotion in dialogues, we propose to combine DISfluencies and non-verbal vocalisations (DIS-NV) features with bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) model to predict continuous emotion. DIS-NV features are effective emotion features, including filled pauses features, fillers features, shutters features, laughter feature and breath feature. Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) can learn past information and use future information. State-of-the-art recognition attains 62% accuracy. Our experimental method can increase accuracy to 76%.

Crude oil in reservoirs may crack to gas with increasing buried depth and temperature, resulting in natural gas as the major exploration target in deep strata. Exploration of ultradeep targets in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, unexpectedly discovered huge accumulations of liquid oil in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs with burial depths of >7000 m. Applying comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, this paper analyzes the chemical compounds of crude oil in these ultradeep layers and has found that these oils are slightly cracked with low conversion of oil to gas, as evidenced by limited diamondoid compound analogues and low concentrations. Gold tube pyrolysis simulation and kinetic calculation suggest that the cracking temperatures of oil are in the range of 210–220 °C. The temperature implies that the deepest liquid oil surviving limit is inferred as 9000 m in this basin with the increase of the temperature. The major controlling factors on preserving abundant liquid oil in ultradeep layers of the Tarim Basin include the insufficient compensation effect of a low geothermal gradient and fast deep burial during a later period. It has potential to find oil in ultradeep (>7000 m) layers.

Shock wave/boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) is one of the key factors that limits the improvement of aerodynamic performance and stability for supersonic/transonic compressors. In this research, a combined flow control device (CFCD) was designed for controlling SWBLI in the NASA transonic compressor Rotor 35. The original flow fields for Rotor 35 were numerically analyzed first. The results show that the SWBLI is severe, resulting in much flow loss and partly leading to the compressor instability. Based on this phenomenon, the CFCD was designed with a novel three-dimensional passive self-recirculation flow channel and an active suction slot. The flow channel is mounted on the rotor blade suction surface to connect the low- and high-pressure regions ahead of and behind the shock, respectively. The effect of the CFCD on the rotor performance and corresponding working mechanism are then researched as well. With the help of CFCD, the rotor-achieved total pressure ratio (TPR) is maximally increased by 3.0%, and the stall margin (SM) is improved by 4.1% as well. But the rotor isentropic efficiency (IE) considering additional energy expenditure caused by active suction flow has the maximum increment at choke point of 0.27% and highest reduction at near-stall point of 0.54%. The working mechanisms of CFCD include two aspects: one is forming a stable and low-entropy generated lambda shock wave and the other one is reducing the magnitude of flow separation. The dominant mechanism varies with the rotor working condition and depends on whether the leading-edge shock moves upstream of the passive bleed slot.