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Purpose: The surge in digitalization and artificial intelligence has led to the wide application of robots in various fields, but their application in dentistry started relatively late. This scoping review aimed to comprehensively explore and map the current status of the clinical application of robots in dentistry. Study selection: An iterative approach was used to gather as much evidence as possible from four online databases, including PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, from January 1980 to December 2022. Results: A total of 113 eligible articles were selected from the search results, and it was found that most of the robots were developed and applied in the United States (n = 56; 50%). Robots were clinically applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral implantology, prosthodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and oral medicine. The development of robots in oral and maxillofacial surgery and oral implantology is relatively fast and comprehensive. About 51% (n = 58) of the systems had reached clinical application, while 49% (n = 55) were at the pre-clinical stage. Most of these are hard robots (90%; n = 103), and their invention and development were mainly focused on university research groups with long research periods and diverse components. Conclusions: There are still limitations and gaps between research and application in dental robots. While robotics is threatening to replace clinical decision-making, combining it with dentistry to gain maximum benefit remains a challenge for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sybil attack has been proved effective in mitigating the P2P botnet, but the impacts of some important parameters were not studied, and no model to estimate the effectiveness was proposed. In this paper, taking Kademlia-based botnets as the example, the model which has the upper and lower bound to estimate the mitigating performance of the Sybil attack is proposed. Through simulation, how three important factors affect the performance of the Sybil attack is analyzed, which is proved consistent with the model. The simulation results not only confirm that for P2P botnets in large scale, the Sybil attack is an effective countermeasure, but also imply that the model can give suggestions for the deployment of Sybil nodes to get the ideal performance in mitigating the P2P botnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the anatomically detailed geometry of human heart, an integrated human ventricle model is proposed to simulate the reentrant wave propagation for studying the generation mechanism of arrhythmia caused by myocardial ischemia. To deal with the no-flux boundary conditions, the phase-field method is adopted to automatically handle the complicated boundary conditions. Through increasing the concentration of extra-cellular K+ in the ischemic region, reentrant spiral wave dynamics under different ischemic conditions is simulated. Experimental results show that the degree of myocardial ischemia would have an important influence on the behavior of wave propagation. With the increasing of myocardial ischemia, the reentrant wave would become more and more instable, which eventually leads to breakup. Although the reentrant wave can pass through the ischemic region, the behavior of action potentials of myocardial cells in the ischemic region would be different from the normal behavior, and the inconsistency of action potentials in space is the intrinsic reason for the emergence of arrhythmia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the fixed direction problem in traditional medical imaging technologies and satisfy the clinical medicine requirement of observing the organ in term of the whole or sections from different viewpoints, a three dimensional visualization method of the cardiac MRI data to display the whole heart volume and the arbitrary-cut sections is proposed. Using VC6. 0 and VTK, the ray casting method is adopted to realize the three-dimensional visualization of total and partial cardiac MRI data and the virtual sections from arbitrary viewpoint. Simple interactive operations such as scaling, translation and rotation can be realized in real time. The experimental results show that the presented method can assist doctors to observe the organ tissue and sections from different viewpoints, which is valuable in disease prevention, medical diagnosis, surgical planning and postoperative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at solving the problem of single-sequence protein secondary structure prediction, a novel method based on Gaussian prior maximum entropy (GP-MaxEnt) model is proposed. In this method, the feature construction was firstly performed based on the conformational preference of amino acid residues, and the improved iterative scaling (IIS) method was used to train the GP-MaxEnt model. CB513 dataset was employed to test this model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective and can achieve better results in predictive accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]