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The primary purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Ramadan Fasting on the psychological aspect level (General Health and Negative Feelings) among athletes and the differences in those effects according to the gender variable (male and female). To achieve this purpose, the researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample of 90 athletes (41 female athletes, 21.4 ± 2 years, and 49 male athletes, 20.6 ± 1.4 years). Participants completed the GHQ-12 questionnaire, which has 12 items, and the Mood, feelings questionnaire: Short Version, which has 13 items. To achieve the study's objectives, we used Means, Standard Deviations, Frequencies, Percent, and Independent Sample t Test with a confidence level of 95% (P < 0.05). The results showed a low level of public health and a high level of negative feelings among the study sample in the pre-measurement and a high level of general health and a decrease in the level of negative feelings in the postmeasurement. Also, there were significant differences in general health and negative feelings between males and females after Ramadan fasting and in favor of males. The researchers recommend conducting other studies dealing with samples from non-Muslims and taking different samples, such as professional athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is twofold: first, to explore the behavioral problems among the students in public schools after (18) months of closures due to the Corona epidemic from the teachers' viewpoint, and second the differences at that level according to the school stage and gender variables. To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive approach on a sample of 1,214 teachers (552 Males and 662 Females). Due to curfew in the country and to reduce face-to-face interaction, an electronic questionnaire was built using (the Google questionnaire), which consists of (19) paragraphs that deal with the students' behavioral problems after returning to face-to-face. To achieve the study's objectives, the researchers used means, standard deviations, Alpha Cronbach coefficient, Two Way-ANOVA, and the Scheffe test using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (P < 0.05). The study results showed that the level of students' behavioral problems was high (3.80). In addition, there are no statistically significant differences in the students' behavior levels after returning to face-to-face education, according to the gender variable. But there are significant differences according to the educational stage and in favor of the secondary school stage. With regards to the study's results, the researchers recommend working to develop strategies and treatment plans to help students modify their negative behaviors resulting from distance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Level of Psychological, Behavioral, and Physiological Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Among Jordanian Government Universities Students. JEPonline 2023;26(3):93-106. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the second most type of diabetes and accounts for 95-90% of all diabetes worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the psychological, behavioral, and physiological risk factors for T2DM among university students and to identify the level of these factors. As well as, this study was interested in determining the differences between the factors according to the college, school year, gender, and territory variables as well as building of a scale for diagnosing risk factors for diabetes that fits the Arab environment. The researcher used the descriptive approach to the 3473 university students (2254 female and 1219 male). The participants completed the PHQ-9 depression scale, which has 9 items: the perceived stress scale (PSS), which has 10 items and the type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool, which has 13 items. The researcher used means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Chi-Square Tests using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the means for physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk were 4.08, 12.19, 4.16, respectively. In addition, the physiological and behavioral risk factors for males were higher than females, while the psychological risk factors for females were higher than the males. Physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk factors are also considered intertwined. Noticeable changes in the glucose level precede diabetes, which may last more than 10 years. The results of this study showed that the physiological and behavioral risk factors mean for males was higher than for the females. However, in contrast, the psychological risk factors mean for females was higher than for the males. Physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk factors are also considered intertwined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the Effect of Six Weeks of Mental Visualization on the Three-Shot Accuracy in Basketball. JEPonline. 2023;26(3):58-68. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of mental visualization on the three-shot accuracy in basketball among school students in the age group of 15 to 16 years. The quasi-experimental approach was used on a sample of school students (n = 24). The participants were equally divided into 4 groups, 3 Experimental Groups (A1, A2, and A3) and a Control Group. The data were analyzed using Means ± Standard Deviations, One-Way ANOVA, ANCOVA, Scheffe, and the Paired Samples Test using SPSS version 24 with a confidence level of 95% (P < 0.05). The results in pre-measurement revealed an increase in the level of three-shot accuracy among the study sample group (3.67, 4.67, 5.83, 2.67), respectively. Also, there were significant differences between the premeasurements and the post-measurements of the threeshot accuracy in favor of the post-measurement in the 3 Experimental Groups. In addition, there were differences in the total degree of the three-shot accuracy among the study sample according to the group variable and in favor of the Mental Visualization and Skill Training Group (A3) with a mean of 5.83. Based on the results, there is a significant positive effect when there is a balance between skill training and physical and mental visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]