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Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The stocks of cod, Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758, have been declining within recent decades and the Baltic Sea is one of the most affected areas. The latter body of water with its low salinity, pollution, and vast areas of demersal hypoxia is particularly vulnerable. Areas of natural spawning are scarce and the reproductive output of cod has been irregular and more and more limited. One of the proposed solutions for this problem might be an artificial reproduction. One of such areas has been the Gdańsk Deep, but the number of potential brood fish is relatively low, which makes the eggs and sperm poorly accessible. The aim of the presently reported study was to conduct spawning and egg incubation under controlled conditions to obtain viable hatchlings and to monitor the embryonic development of cod originating from the area of the Gdańsk Deep. Materials and methods. The parental fish specimens were obtained during commercial trawl catches. The eggs were fertilized artificially at the field laboratory using filtered brackish sea water with salinity of 15%, and then were incubated at a constant temperature of 8 ± 0.5°C. Eggs and larvae development, and larvae beginning exogenous feeding were observed under a stereo microscope, and photographed regularly to determine the sizes of the eggs and larvae and to document the results of the experiment. Results. The mean percentage of fertilization of eggs was 70%. Hatching began 236 h after fertilization, and the newly hatched larvae comprised 30% of the initial stocking density. The mean length of the larvae was 3.95 mm. The cod larvae began exogenous feeding before the yolk sac was fully absorbed. Conclusion. Artificial reproduction with gametes obtained from cod spawning in the Gdańsk Deep is possible, and the fertilization rates obtained were similar to those achieved with cod from the Bornholm and Gotland basins. Therefore, our results also show that cod spawning in the Gdańsk Deep can be suggested as a model species for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Familienforschung (ZzF) is the property of University of Bamberg Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organ transplantation, artificial reproduction and gene therapy are the most exciting research results in the 21th Century, which will certainly greatly benefit the human society. This article discusses some important issues from the civil law and criminal law perspectives. The author puts forward the legislation proposition based on the shortcomings of our present legislation and the reference of the legislation experiences of foreign countries, hoping to fill the research gaps in biomedical law. The first part discusses the relative issues of organ transplantation. Human organ transplantation was a major breakthrough in the field of medicine in the 20th Century. It resolved the questions which drug and other traditional methods of medical treatment cannot achieve, opened up broad prospects for the treatment of certain diseases and made the limited health resources more efficient. It is one of the highest achievements of the modern biomedical science. Coming with it are the crimes which include illegal trade in human organs, illegal removal of human organs, cross-border trade, smuggling and other acts of human organs. The article starts from the concept and judgment standard of brain death, which is the legitimacy of organ transplantation. Then the author analyzes the legal issues in different steps from the selection of donator and receptor, informed consent, the use of fetus and prisoners' body organs. At last it focuses on the different regulations for different crimes in other countries, and gives advices to the legislation in our country. The second part discusses the crimes in genetic therapy. Genetic therapy is a new medical treatment that involves many risks and remains to be improved. Keen attention therefore must be paid to moral and legal issues in biology and medicine. Criminal law, however, can be applied to some perceived culpable behaviors in practicing genetic therapy with great caution only as a last resort, lest the development of sciences should be impeded by improper interpretation of law. The last part discusses artificial reproduction. As an important method of curing infertility in modern times, artificial reproduction is an important remedy for traditional and natural reproduction. While it challenges traditional ethics, artificial reproduction also puts forward challenges to the existing legal systems. Some key points such as the legal status of zygote, children' s legal issues of the artificial insemination by donor, the reproductive rights of artificial insemination by donor are analyzed emphatically in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of photothermal manipulations on the artificial reproduction of female Barbus barbus (L.) (age 6+, 0.3-0.8 kg body weight) were studied under controlled conditions. The experiment was preceded by a 3-month period of wintering (Light/Dark hourly regime 9L : 15D-13L : 11D; temperature 8-12°C). The experiment commenced when the photoperiod was changed promptly from 11L : 13D to 14L : 10D. As the experiment progressed, the photoperiod gradually changed to 16L : 8D. After 50 days of photostimulation, water temperature was increased from 12 to 17°C within 24 h, and stabilized for the next 14 or 22 days. When photothermal stimulation was completed (65 or 73 days, respectively), fish were treated with mGnRH-based ovulating agent Ovopel. The ovulation rate amounted to 33% and 22%, respectively for the shorter and longer stimulation time (difference insignificant at P ≤ 0.05). Longer photothermal stimulation resulted in lower variability of latency time, higher relative weight of stripped eggs, and higher relative working fecundity. The undesirable effect was the triggering of oocyte resorption in 11% of females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial reproduction of Polyodon spathula (Walbaum 1792) species is final step for successfully acclimatization to a specifically environment conditions. After reproduction samples formation, those are injected with carp hypophysis, sturgeon hypophysis, LHR Ha, Nerestin 5A and HCG-Chorulon. The roe sampling was made by MIST method and for semen was used specifically syringes. After fecundation and dissolution, 1.6 kg roe were incubation in special incubators. During the incubation was determinate the embryonic percent and was applied the specific antibacterial and antifungicidal treatments. After eclosion, hatchlings were parked 10 days in Nucet incubators and 250 1 carafes. The best results for gonads stimulation were obtained at Nerestin (95-100%) and LHR Ha (80-100%). The experience was made in 6 years, 2002-2007 period. Consonant with obtained results in 6 years we appreciate that acclimatization of Polyodon spathula (Walbaum 1792) species was a success. Was demonstrated that can realized artificial reproduction; obtain viable products and were perfected the main steps for technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]