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Establishing an adequate bond and attachment between a mother and child is essential for preventing pathologies and developing this relationship in the future. To identify the factors related to a disturbance of the mother-child bond or attachment. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with women with a biological child between 6 weeks and 18 months of age. The Mother-Child Bond-Attachment Questionnaire (VAMF, for its name in Spanish) was administered to measure the bond and postnatal attachment together with a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, psychosocial, and health variables referring to the mother and the newborn. 1114 women participated. The multivariate analysis showed that skin-to-skin contact (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.90) and breastfeeding (aOR = 0.55; 95% IC: 0.35, 0.86) reduce the probability of presenting a bond disturbance. Anxiety during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (aOR = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.57, 6.05) and postpartum complications (aOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.48) increase the chance of having a bond disturbance. Skin-to-skin contact (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.00), breastfeeding (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.80,) and an older age of the infant (months) (aOR = 0.77: 95% CI: 0.72, 0.82) reduces the probability of presenting an attachment disturbance. Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding are associated with a lower probability of impaired bonding and attachment. Anxiety states during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, and complications after childbirth increase the probability of developing a bond disorder. The older the age of the infant, the lower the frequency of having an impaired attachment. Identifying the factors associated with the establishment of the mother-child bond and attachment is essential for the development of prevention strategies and early identification of cases that may present alterations and avoid their consequences on the health of the mother and child. • Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding are factors associated with a lower probability of impaired bonding and attachment. • Other factors such as anxiety during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, and postpartum complications increase the probability of developing a bond disorder. • Related to attachment, the older age of the infant is related to attachment disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The '2023 AAFP/IAAHPC Feline Hospice and Palliative Care Guidelines' are authored by a Task Force of experts in feline hospice and palliative care convened by the American Association of Feline Practitioners and the International Association for Animal Hospice and Palliative Care. They emphasize the specialized communication skills and ethical considerations that are associated with feline hospice and palliative care, with references to other feline practice guidelines for a more complete discussion of specific diseases, feline pain management best practices and cat friendly interactions. A comprehensive, multi-step hospice consultation allows for tailoring the approach to both the cat and the family involved in the care. The consultation includes establishing 'budgets of care', a concept that greatly influences what can be done for the individual cat. The Guidelines acknowledge that each cat and caregiver will be different in this regard; and establishing what is reasonable, practical and ethical for the individual cat and caregiver is important. A further concept of the 'care unit' is introduced, which is extrapolated from human hospice and palliative care, and encourages and empowers the caregiver to become a part of the cat's care every step of the way. Ethical considerations include a decision-making framework. The importance of comfort care is emphasized, and the latest information available about how to assess the quality of a cat's life is reviewed. Emotional health is as equally important as physical health. Hence, it is fundamental to recognize that compromised physical health, with pain and/or illness, impairs emotional health. A limited discussion on euthanasia is included, referring to the AAFP's End of Life Educational Toolkit for recommendations to help the caregiver and the veterinary professional ensure a peaceful passing and transition - one that reflects the best interests of the individual cat and caregiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1970s, hollow-core slab manufacturers have filled voids with concrete to increase shear capacity, but limited research into the efficacy of this practice has been completed. Forty tests were performed on 20 hollow-core slabs that were 12 in. (300 mm) deep to quantify the variation in web-shear capacity that can be gained. The 20 slabs had either no core fill, cores filled with concrete or grout, or one void omitted during fabrication. Two different cross sections were investigated, a heavy-duty slab with thick webs and noncircular voids and a slab with narrow webs and circular voids. The results indicated that adequate composite action between the core-fill material and extruded slab was necessary to realize web-shear capacity gains. In addition, the prestressing strand jacking stress, concrete compressive strength at transfer, transfer length, and moment demand can have a large effect on the webshear capacity of a hollow-core slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a micro-synthesis of Olga Tokarczuk's prose works. The initial assumption is that the main driving force in the author's prose narratives is desire which determines the actions of her protagonists and influences the genre of said works. This assumption allows for discovery of discrete stages in Tokarczuk's prose fiction. In the first stage from Podróż ludzi Księgi [The journey of the people of the book, 1993] to Prawiek i inne czasy [Primeval and other times, 1996], the strongest driving force is the desire for knowledge. In the second period from Dom dzienny, dom nocny [House of day, house of night,1998] to Bieguni [Flights, 2007] the desire is to focus on the Other, taking the form of solidarity. Finally, in the third period from the novel Prowadź twój pług przez kości umarłych [Drive your plow over the bones of the dead, 2009] to Księgi Jakubowe [The books of Jacob, 2014], the desire is directed against unjust laws, presupposing a recognition of the world order, and defining obligations towards other lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain bonds are digital securities designed to address inefficiencies in the bond market. With global interest and recognition, digital securities represent a revolutionary phase in entrepreneurial and corporate finance. Blockchain applications in security issuance mark the beginning of a broad shift in public capital markets by significantly increasing efficiency and establishing relationships of trust between issuers and investors. In this paper we document the evolution of blockchain bond applications leading to recent bonds projected to have their full lifecycle on blockchain. We discuss the remaining challenges and risks associated with blockchain technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transfer of prestressing force from prestressed strand to concrete over a predictable length is essential for the reliable performance of prestressed concrete. Although no problems with strand bond were reported in the early days of precast, prestressed concrete construction in the United States, several documented problems have occurred in the past 35 years or so, indicating the need for the quality control and quality assurance program recommended in this article. Over the past two decades, a direct pullout test method that reasonably predicts the bonding properties of the strand used in precast concrete products has been developed. This test method was developed to qualify the strand as having bond properties consistent with design expectations. Certain concrete formulations may affect bond quality, and these should be evaluated separately on a case-by-case basis. In July 2020, the PCI Technical Activities Council and Research and Development Council approved a new "Recommended Practice to Assess and Control Strand/Concrete Bonding Properties of ASTM A416 Prestressing Strand," which was subsequently published in November 2020. It establishes minimum test pullout values that can be used to define transfer and development lengths for prestressing strand in concrete. This article summarizes background information on strand bond and documents the many years of research that led to the final published recommended practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new PCI "Recommended Practice to Assess and Control Strand/Concrete Bonding Properties of ASTM A416 Prestressing Strand" specifies two new threshold limits for pullout tests conforming to ASTM A416 and new equations for the transfer and development length of prestressing strand. This article provides a summary of more than 30 years of research and knowledge advancement on the bond between concrete and prestressing strand related to the development of the new recommended practice. Discussions regarding the adoption and incorporation of the new recommended practice into structural design, strand production, and precast concrete fabrication and quality control practices are ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the design, implementation and optimization of laser metal bonding (LMB), a new approach for joining thin aluminum foils and back surfaces of solar cells with a focus on low impact on the semiconductor and good adhesion. After gaining deep insights into laser-material interaction using finite difference simulations, we succeeded in establishing an expulsion free laser process that can be tuned from non-ablative bonding, which leaves the substrate largely intact, to welding, which produces highly adhesive joints. Experiments were conducted on a number of substrates, showing the correlation between damage and adhesion at different process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychology / Revista de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente is the property of Fundacao Minerva-Cultura-Ensino e Investigacao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An experimental study was completed on the behavior on post-installed bonded anchors in ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete with a compressive strength higher than 150 MPa. The aim was to analyze the failure mechanisms in static pullout tests. The diameter of the tested anchors was 12 mm and the studied parameters were the embedment depth, the edge distance and the state of cracking of the concrete block. In case of tests without edge effect in uncracked concrete, a combined pullout and concrete cone failure occurred for an embedment depth lower than 60 mm. The recorded mean bond stress was 32.5 MPa for uncracked concrete and 16.3 MPa for cracked concrete with a crack width of approximately 1 mm. A splitting failure was observed for shallow embedment and for edge distances lower than 60 mm. For this tested special anchor system, the increase in tensile strength provided by the metallic fibers enhances the tensile behavior of anchors in comparison to normal strength concrete. It is necessary to adapt the design codes developed for normal strength concrete in order to have more accurate and reliable prediction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Link slabs provide continuity in the deck slab over the intermediate supports of multiple-span bridges where precast, prestressed concrete girders are used. Current practice recommends debonding the link slab from the girders' ends to reduce its stiffness. Steel reinforcement is consequently provided to satisfy the dead- and live-load criteria. A survey of bridges in the United States indicated that full-depth cracks still develop in the link slab and some practices are placing the link slab without debonding. Although design procedures for debonded link slabs are currently available, data related to bonded link slabs is scarce. This paper investigates the structural behavior of bonded link slabs due to dead and live loads. It examines the contribution of the stiffness of the link slab on redistribution of shear and moments. Closed-form solutions were derived for a three-span symmetrical case and a parametric study conducted based on standard American Association of State Highway and Transportation girders commonly used in the medium-span-length range. It was shown that the link slab parameters, if optimized, can strengthen the connection in the continuity zone to resist the induced loads without affecting its resisting capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The effect of bond and tube thickness on the flexural behavior of concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer tube (CFFT) are investigated experimentally in this research. Two different kinds of tubes were used in this research, pultruded tubes and filament winding tubes. Two full scale CFFT column specimens are tested under lateral cyclic load only to study the effect of bond between the concrete core and the tube internal surface under lateral cyclic load only. One of them was prepared with sand-coating on the internal surface of the tube and the other specimen was kept without sand-coating. The CFFT columns were embedded 500 mm into a rigid square reinforced concrete footing with 1200 mm side dimension and 800 mm depth. The two specimens are pultruded FRP tubes having the same mechanical properties and 305 mm exterior diameter. Another two full-scale CFFT columns were reinforced with steel reinforcement and were fabricated with tube thicknesses of 4 mm and 8 mm. These two column were tested to study the tube thickness effect. The columns were embedded 400 mm into rigid reinforced concrete footings, which were anchored to the laboratory floor. The columns were loaded under a constant axial load and lateral cyclic load. These two columns are filament winding FRP tubes were manufactured in the Composite Material Reinforcement Laboratory of the Sherbrooke University with the same interior diameter 324 mm and with two different thicknesses 4 mm and 8 mm. The results indicate a significant improvement in the full composite action of CFFT in terms of flexural capacity and stiffness due to the sand-coating. The increasing of the tube thickness delays the yielding of steel and increases the ultimate flexural capacity of the CFFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This paper aims at implementing a framework able to support the evaluation of an Social Impact Bond (SIB), integrating a financial evaluation with a social evaluation and starting from a measurement of the social uncertainty linked to an SIB programme. Following a literature review that identifies several different facets related to the definitions of social uncertainty, a quantitative scoring system to conceptualize social uncertainty in SIBs was developed using the Serrano-Cinca methodology. The first results encourage further research and propose suggestions and implications for scholars and practitioners [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract We propose that credit ratings act as an information channel which, combined with more power being given to creditors by countries strengthening creditor rights, leads to an increase in the supply of public debt. From a firm-level dataset covering 51 developed and developing countries for 1989 through 2013, we find that in countries with stronger creditor rights, firms tend to have higher credit ratings. We confirm that in these countries, firms with higher credit ratings exhibit a greater issuance of public debt than that of equity. As further evidence that credit ratings reduce agency costs of debt, we find that improvements in creditor rights and resulting higher credit ratings increase capital expenditures among firms experiencing severe bondholder-shareholder conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there have been recent developments in respect of the diversification of capital markets in GCC countries, the motivations of the firms issuing Sukuk or conventional bonds have remained largely unexplored. Using a sample consisting of 88 Sukuk and 287 conventional bonds issued in GCC countries during the period from 2000 to 2015, this paper analyses the factors affecting an issuer's choice of employing an Islamic bond (Sukuk) structure as compared to conventional bonds instruments. The results suggest that there are some significant differences between Islamic and conventional bond issuer's choice determinants; these can be attributed to the Sukuk’s specific characteristics and to the issuer’s characteristics. Within the GCC region, the firms, which issue Sukuk, have more specific characteristics. By way of contrast, the determinants among those firms, which issue conventional bonds, have fewer specific characteristics. In addition, our findings provide evidence that in respect of the issuance of larger debt and long tenor, firms prefer to issue Sukuk rather than conventional bonds. However, with regard to the quality of the credit rating, our empirical proxies report a positive correlation with the issuance of conventional bonds and a negative correlation with the issuance of Sukuk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ONCE UPON A TIME OR THE THREE PHASES OF TERRITORY This paper intents to ponder on the consequences of the intervention on territory and, at the same time, on knowledge and culture. Since the invention and development of certain devices, immersed in the most common social practices as mediators of social relations, a history of territoriality is exposed throughout its execution, defense and introduction. A journey is made from exploration to exploitation, from traveler to hunter, from clueless to expert, from nomad to sedentary, from nature to civilization, from culture to technology, from collectivity to individual, and vice versa. It tells us something about space and time, and above all, about distance as social form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Dentistry & Research is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bond behavior between reinforcing bars and concrete is a key problem to understand behavior of reinforced concrete members. The introduction of the new reinforcing system made of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) to construction industry forced the study of FRP-to-concrete bond behavior as one of the main mechanical properties. The application of FRP reinforcement in concrete structures increased rapidly in last years. Their excellent corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, good non-magnetic properties were the reason why they have become an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement, especially in harsh environments on bridges, outside garages and off-shore structures. The GFRP bars are very different from steel, mainly due to much lower elasticity modulus and their anisotropic structure. Good performance of FRP reinforced concrete requires adequate interfacial bond between bars and concrete, mainly due to surface preparation. The authors’ own experimental program includes twelve beam bond tests carried out on rectangular beams consisted of two concrete blocks connected by a continuous GFRP bar in tension and by a steel hinge in compression. Two main parameters were investigated in the tests: bar diameter and thickness of a bottom concrete cover. The GFRP bars indicated good bond behavior to concrete, mainly due to the ribs on the bar surface. The results of the test indicated the decrease in the ultimate shear bond stress with the increase in the bar diameter regardless of the thickness of the concrete cover. The decrease in the concrete cover caused the decrease in the shear bond stress for all bars diameters. The increase in bar diameter caused the decrease in the ultimate bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Katharsis is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This project explored the influence of sand angularity on ASTM A1081, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Steel Strand. The procedure specified by ASTM A1081 uses only fine aggregate in the mixture proportions. Sand angularity is a variable of interest because it could affect strand acceptance and the reliability of the ASTM A1081 strand bond test. Four sands were tested, each of which was subjected to a full ASTM A1081-style test. In addition, the angularity of each sand sample was tested via two different methods: the ASTM C1252 procedure and a visual process guided by ASTM D2488 that included the use of a scanning electron microscope and an optical digital microscope system. Ultimately, it was determined that the angularity of the sand does influence the strand bond. This influence is generally not pronounced enough to cause a strand to fail the ASTM A1081 test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article briefly discusses about the bond characteristics of different pretensioning reinforcement and some problems of reinforcement anchorage zone. In the present study bond characteristics of three-wire strand under static and cyclic load are investigated. The research revealed that bond stress-slip characteristics of three-wire strand are different from those proposed in Model Code for deformed and plain bars. The bond strength of three-wire strand is not negatively influenced by cyclic load at lower bond stress levels up to 0,7τ stat.max . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have focused on researching the way of fluoride (F ) ions uptake by dental enamel. But what is the real chemical role of F" in its interaction with hydroxyapatite (HAp)? Objective: This work is assigned to explain the mechanism of F" interaction with the HAp. Design: Carbonate was removed from the apatite and moisture content was assessed. HAp was prepared in laboratory and let to react with F' solutions at different concentrations. The solid phase was characterised by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). Materials and Methods: F' ions were exchanged by the hydroxide (OH ) ions in the HAp. The pH of the supernatant layer was lowered, and then increased after HAp dissolution. The solid phase was collated at various stages of the cyclic operation and its content of F" and sodium (Na*) was assessed potentiometrically, while, the orthophosphate was determined by a modified molybdenum blue reduction complex method. Results: The moisture content of the solid matter was inversely proportional to the initial F' content of the supernatant solution and the TG results showed a small weight loss in a wide range of temperature. At an initial pH (7) of the supernatant layer, a noticeable F--OH' exchange was confirmed. Analyses by IR and XRD have also proved that the apatite was fluorohydroxyapatite (FHAp) at pH 4 and the FHAp occurred by reaction of residual HAp with F' ions. Conclusions: The mechanism of the reaction is attributed to the HAp dissolution when pH decreases and the exchange ions between F- and OH- on the surface of the apatite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)