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The starting point of this research is the urban model promoted by the United Nations through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The importance of public spaces is especially highlighted in Goal 11.7: "provide universal access to safe, inclusive, and accessible, green, and public spaces ..." The quality of public spaces can be properly assessed by reconsidering the quality indicators and investigating their development potential, which is the main focus of our research. This study is based on a theoretical and methodological reflection on the quality of public space, considering the contributions of some contemporary urban traditions and a few recent experiences. From this perspective, a variety of public space projects developed in the European sphere have been selected and analyzed. The quality parameters identified in this initial analysis were then applied to the analysis of nine representative case studies in three Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, and Zaragoza). The main goal is to propose a methodology that helps to evaluate the quality of those public spaces and determine its relationship with the safety, accessibility, and inclusiveness conditions they offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-sided platforms are gaining increasing attention in practice and as the subject of IS and management research. We explore an assumption of research and practice: that a platform’s architecture needs to be decoupled so that producers can easily mix and match the platform’s design elements (APIs, code libraries, process models, etc.) into apps that perform well competitively, and insulate the platform from skewed outcomes and low market performance. However, in practice, complete decoupling is not just difficult but almost impossible. Based on more than two million runs of an exploratory NK model in which producers use a platform’s design space for the creation of apps, we generate several surprising insights. First, we show that tighter coupling may not necessarily be harmful depending on the producers’ design strategies and the amount of constraints placed on design elements. Second, we observe that if moderate to tightly coupled platforms with optimizing producers focused exclusively on being competitive, platform performance is lower compared to platforms with satisficing producers who put a lower priority of being competitive because of other interests. This is surprising since optimizers are better suited to cope with the inherent uncertainty of coupling. Finally, moderately coupled platforms can outperform platforms with loose coupling when constraints nudge producers into distant design moves while also isolating them from downside uncertainty. These three findings offer implications for multiple streams of literature on platform architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increasing product longevity is seen as a way to slow down resource loops and consequently reduce environmental impacts. • Consumers' and businesses' narratives differ on achieving product longevity and reduction in volumes • Products should adhere to various use contexts and life events in addition to being physically durable. • Business narratives of product longevity obscure the importance of lowering production. • Consumers' overarching narratives promote sustainability, but smaller narratives reveal the challenges in practice. Increasing product longevity is seen as an effective way to reduce consumption within the circular economy. This paper explores narratives of product longevity, focusing on textiles, household appliances, and furniture as expressed by Norwegian business representatives and consumers. The study reveals dominant narratives of physical and emotional durability among businesses. Conversely, consumers emphasise managing consumption volumes and their relationship with products based on use contexts and life events. While both groups recognise the importance of physical durability, there's a disconnect regarding how emotional attachment can be created between user and product, and the significance of production volumes. The study suggests that narratives of product longevity, shift focus from production to consumption, distancing from questions of volume and growth and that efforts should take 'life durability' of products into account when designing strategies and interventions aimed at extending product lifespans, including business models and policy directly targeting lower production volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 1990s, the framework of Theory of Change has been used to address complex contexts of intervention especially in relation to planning and evaluating social practice. Theory of Change can be defined as the systematic and cumulative study of the links between the activities, outcomes, and context of an intervention. The aim of this paper is to explore through a case study whether Theory of Change can support more strategic approaches in design. In particular, the paper examines how Theory of Change was applied to DESIGNSCAPES - a project oriented, among other things, toward offering a supporting service for all those city actors interested in using design to develop urban innovation initiatives that tackle complex issues of broad concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum design has always been influenced by factors such as the building site, culture, politics, economy, etc. The possibility of using the museum as a multifunctional and adaptable building has always been considered by designers, and it is always seen not as a temporary building, but as a standing work for many years. Another aspect of museums, which is perhaps less well known, is the way it interacts with its objects. After the exhibition, the objects are waiting for an unknown destiny. This is perhaps because some under the title of " auction " sought to sell them, trying to prevent them from forgetting. In Iran, this type of collision is very novel and different. The necessary design of the auction as a multi-functional building is undeniable. Further research shows that public spaces can contribute to creating a meaningful context for future heritage and to increasing their influence in societies to provide a context for future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of population monitoring within urban spaces by designers. It considers its use to define design strategies aiming at mitigating the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. Some governments have made use of identified citizens' data as well as stored population data collected through telephone companies. In search of new strategies to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic, data such as statistical surveys of the population have been collected and used for communication. As a result, new services are offering digital applications which can help contain the pandemic. Designers are amongst the categories of professionals involved in this new development. When monitoring a community, aspects such as data privacy and surveillance capitalism need to be considered. What will happen to the data collected once the pandemic is over is also a matter of concern. In this context, how and what aspects designers should consider in this scenario are questions that need to be addressed. This study attempts to answer these questions based upon the results of a systematic literature review on the topic. This literature review-based research has confirmed the importance of design strategies in the development of new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, craft communities are caught between declining sales as local consumers increasingly reject artefacts perceived as outdated; at the same time, an international perspective celebrates them as guardians of intangible cultural heritage. In a three-year collaboration, design approaches to innovation were used to re-imagine heritage craft to meet the challenges changing economic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to propose an ontology-based approach that provides a framework as a strategy decision tool for urban service design. The research methodology includes two phases to acquire the knowledge needed for urban service management of a city, as a case study. The first phase provides the priority list, through the Principal Component Analysis, for an age-friendly city determined by the citizens through a quantitative research. The second phase is a qualitative research among the public service providers, focusing on 'adequate community support and health services' feature which was the top priority of phase one. The repertory grid as a mapping tool consists of elements (age-friendly cities' features) and constructs (municipality provided services) that interconnect the tacit knowledge with the external knowledge. The findings indicated the importance of the necessity of a shared understanding and conceptualization of what a service is among service providers and consumers. This paper makes an important contribution to urban service management by making the interconnection between tacit and external knowledge as a strategic decision support tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Urban construction has a great impact on the ecological environment. In the process of urban construction, how to protect the environment and develop harmoniously with nature is very important. Niche principle can be used not only in ecology, but also in campus planning. In the course of campus planning, adopting relevant ecological technology and niche strategy is conducive to the sustainable development of the campus and promoting the coordinated development among architecture, nature and society. Taking six university campuses in different regions of China as examples, this paper discusses how campus planning is combined with niche, and proposes strategies for campus planning from two aspects of nature and society, trying to propose solutions to the problems of campus planning from a new perspective and provide reference for related planning and theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Renovation strategies prioritize the residential experience. • Identifies 20 patterns for designing public spaces, informing practical suggestions. • Examples are provided for renovating four courtyards and two hutongs. • Participation empowers residents to make renovation decisions autonomously. This paper proposes design strategies for renovating traditional communities in Beijing based on measured microclimate and thermal comfort and preserving historical authenticity to empower residents to make autonomous decisions about the renovation process. Based on the collected data from 11 hutongs and 102 courtyards in Dongcheng District, 4 representative courtyards and 2 representative hutongs are summarized. Microclimate data were collected in the representative months of January and September 2022. The design guidelines for 4 courtyards and 2 hutongs design guidelines, including 20 renovation modes, are proposed through on-site measurement and thermal comfort analysis. Due to the difference in microclimate, the proposed design guidelines can only be applied to the public space of traditional communities in Beijing but not to the public space in traditional villages in the suburbs. The application of the results also faces two challenges: the willingness of the public to participate in the renovation work and the demolition of illegal buildings. This study emphasizes human comfort as a factor to be considered in renovation projects. This study provides a standardized method for public space renovation in historic districts through microclimate analysis and thermal comfort assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informatica (03505596) is the property of Slovene Society Informatika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of numerical tools allows the analysis of any structure, regardless of its level of complexity. Given this, emphasis must be put on conceptual design to define all characteristics of a bridge prior to its analysis. Conceptual design can be considered an art form with a unique area of competence. In Switzerland, the bridge building process is often initiated by a design competition. To efficiently enter and win these competitions, a specific conceptual design method called the “integrative design method” was developed and is presented in this paper. This method consists of creating a bridge that combines all requirements using a global approach to find a unique single structure. Applying the integrative design method thus avoids creating a structure by simply assembling a set of individual industrial products; rather, it allows all requirements to be integrated into one specific structure, with bridge engineers engaging in an integrative process that results in the creation of a unique bridge. The application of the integrative design method is described, along with three competition-winning bridge designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framework of design for the circular economy is increasingly used in industry to improve product sustainability and decrease costs, and in academia various models have been developed to guide circular design. However, in the medical sector, although it generates a large amount of waste, application of circular design principles is difficult because of the clinical challenges of safety and sterility that reuse of products or materials entail. This paper categorizes and analyses existing instances of circular economy in the medical sector, using a literature review and examination of existing industry examples. This is used to identify challenges and unmet opportunities for circular design in the medical sector. The key factors affecting circular medical design are found to be device criticality in terms of sterilization requirements, device value and the organizational support structure around the device. A design heuristic and suggested strategies for circular design of medical products are proposed based on these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some movements within modern architecture particularly emphasize the importance of matching buildings to their surroundings. However, practicing such “contextual architecture” is highly challenging and typically not something the future inhabitants of a building are well equipped for participating in. This paper attempts to be a new vision to design an important building in such sensitive places, for example, designing a museum in a historical context. The methodology of the study is a qualitative method based on a theoretical foundation. It sheds light on the concepts and definition of museums and contextualism, and answers the main question proposed in this paper: “How can we design a huge and important building such as a museum in historical context while respecting its importance and at the same time avoiding the deterioration of this historical place?” And based on answering the sub following questions too: What is the museum concept? What are the activities and functions of this prototype? What is the museum form and morphology? What are the types of contextual design? What are the strategies of contextual design? This part ends with electing some criteria that will be used as basis for the practical part. And thus it can be concluded the ideal strategy for designing a museum in historical context. Discussion of the findings is expected to enrich the talk in that domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visual impression of fabric is important in determining and communicating its quality. Many researchers have studied the visual texture and aesthetics of fabrics, naturally by using fabric materials. However, textile designers often draw inspiration from other materials, then design fabrics by unveiling the nature of the materials’ rich texture from the view of general design elements and principles. This study aimed to provide empirical support for the validity of such a cross-material design strategy. The visual textural impression was compared between 17 woven fabrics and 10 tree barks in two psychological experiments. Participants were asked to sort the fabrics based on their visual textural resemblance and match them to images of barks. The participants were then asked to rank the fabrics and barks separately according to seven bipolar adjective pairs related to design principles. Results from visual matching showed that the 17 fabrics and 10 bark images formed three distinct groups. The second experiment showed that the groupings predicted from the ranking data were consistent with those found by the visual matching. This study demonstrates that the design elements and principles used underlie the perception of visual texture commonly across different materials, strengthening the effectiveness of cross-material design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, accompanied by the massive increased urban population density and the compact built environment, the challenge lies in Asian metropolis has evoked the promotion of human health and well-being. This paper aims to deliver the authors’ intention to evaluate the performance of diverse site configuration in the field of urban open space under the tropical and subtropical Asian climatic conditions. The empirical study was conducted in Hong Kong and Singapore in 2015 by the approach of objective environment assessment and perceived health survey. The research findings postulated two paradigms in climate-adaptive design strategy: 1) the precise composition of urban canopy directly impacts the thermal comfort of urban open space; and 2) the comprehensive site configuration significantly influences the personal evaluation of health perception. Based on the above findings, a framework is conceptualized as an attempt to strengthen the climate-adaptive open space design strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the specific design strategy of a novel compact unglazed Solar Thermal Facade (STF) for building performance research in architectural practice. It identifies the basic role of such STF in the building performance simulation and analysis. A dedicated design strategy based on the BIM (building information modelling) concept for application of the proposed STF is then developed in details. This research work clarifies the necessary steps in ensuring that the environmental/economic factors and energy-efficiency strategies of the STF are integrated with the building design and analysis process at the early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A method is proposed to quantify the shading effect of surrounding buildings. • The shading effects on individual buildings and building clusters in different climates are compared. • The shading effect's energy-saving potential is intensified from northern to southern China. • Shading west-facing windows performs best in terms of energy efficiency, whereas shading south-facing windows performs worst. • Design recommendations are provided to improve urban building energy efficiency. Few studies have assessed the impact of shading from surrounding buildings on the performance of window-transmitted solar radiation energy (WTSRE) in different climates. Understanding how buildings can be arranged to maximize the beneficial effect of shading in summer while minimizing its adverse effect in winter would support the energy efficiency of urban buildings in different climate conditions. Therefore, this study evaluates and compares the effect of shading on the WTSRE performance of a single target building as well as building clusters in four typical climates in China. The results show that the energy-saving potential of the shading effect is intensified from northern to southern China. Among the four orientations, shading west-facing windows performs best in terms of energy efficiency, whereas shading south-facing windows performs worst. The maximum difference in the WTSRE-related energy-saving potential between the two orientations could be 43%, 49%, 31%, and 20% for Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, respectively. Additionally, design recommendations are provided for arranging future buildings in a way that enhances their energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a cyclic manufacturing process to create three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer directly from a 3D CAD model. Today AM processes like SLM and SLS are already suitable for direct part production. The processes have little restrictions regarding the shape of the object. The challenge to a designer is to use the unique characteristics of additive manufacturing in the development process to create an added value for the manufacturer and the user of a product. This paper presents two design strategies to use additive manufacturing's benefits in product development. A manufacturing driven design strategy allows a substitution of manufacturing processes at a later stage of the product life cycle, while a function driven design strategy increases the performance of a product. The choice of strategy has great impact on the development process and the design of components. Two cases are presented to explain and illustrate these design strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, much progress has been made on the development of biodegradable magnesium alloys as “smart” implants in cardiovascular and orthopedic applications. Mg-based alloys as biodegradable implants have outstanding advantages over Fe-based and Zn-based ones. However, the extensive applications of Mg-based alloys are still inhibited mainly by their high degradation rates and consequent loss in mechanical integrity. Consequently, extensive studies have been conducted to develop Mg-based alloys with superior mechanical and corrosion performance. This review focuses on the following topics: (i) the design criteria of biodegradable materials; (ii) alloy development strategy; (iii) in vitro performances of currently developed Mg-based alloys; and (iv) in vivo performances of currently developed Mg-based implants, especially Mg-based alloys under clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel simple strategy is proposed to choose and accommodate an airfoil based on the effects of airfoil type and plan-form shape on the flight performance of a micro air vehicle. In this strategy, after defining flight mission, the weight of the micro air vehicle is estimated and then, aerodynamic parameters and thrust force are calculated. In the next step, some different plan-forms and airfoils are investigated to be selected for decreasing the stall region in high attack anglesby open source software named XFLR5. Having calculated the aerodynamic center, the pitching moment needed to stabilize the micro air vehicle is computed. Due to the static margin, the airfoil camber line is changed to stabilize the micro air vehicle and then, its thickness is improved to reach to a high aerodynamic characteristic. To evaluate the software results, some flight tests are performed which then compared to the software results that show a good agreement. Finally, some adjustments and improvements are made on the micro air vehicle and then, its performance is obtained by the flight tests. The flight test results show it has an excellent aerodynamic performance, stability and maneuverability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An architectural design process is investigated to achieve form flexibility in industrialized building systems (IBS), as IBS constructions do not have sufficient flexibility to develop varied architectural forms. The ethnography method has been used to examine the issues related to “form” flexibility in the design life cycle of IBS constructions by observing the constructions of live experimental models. The major tasks and respective design aspects that facilitate form flexibilities in architectural design have been identified. Furthermore, an integrated life cycle model has been developed to effectively address the interfaces between the design tasks and eventually fulfill the needs of IBS in the design life cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To enhance cable stiffness, this paper proposed a combined application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and steel materials, resulting in a novel type of hybrid stay cable system especially for the cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths of 1400-2800 m. In this combination, CFRP materials can conserve all their advantages such as light weight and high strength; while steel materials help increase the equivalent stiffness to compensate for the low elastic modulus of CFRP materials. An increase of the equivalent stiffness of the hybrid stay cable system could be further obtained with a reasonable increase of its safety factor. Following this concept, a series of parametric studies for the hybrid stay cable system with the consideration of stiffness and cost were carried out. Three design strategies/criteria, namely, best equivalent stiffness with a given safety factor, highest ratio of equivalent stiffness to material cost with a given safety factor, and best equivalent stiffness under a given cost were proposed #om the stiffness and cost viewpoints. Finally, a comprehensive design procedure following the proposed design strategies was suggested. It was shown that the proposed hybrid stay cable system could be a good alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables in the future applications of super long span bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil engineering projects typically involve a number of design phases, such as preliminary design, tender design and executive design. The required degree of accuracy for the analysis of the behaviour and strength of the structural members increases as a project evolves. Codes of practice, however, seldom reflect this situation and propose a single design expression to be used at all phases of a project. This is not convenient in a number of situations, leading to lengthy analyses for initial design phases and sometimes not allowing to consider all potential load-carrying mechanisms or strength reserves for advanced analyses (design of complex structures and assessment of critical existing structures). In opposition to this approach, codes of practice can privilege a design strategy named the levels-of-approximation (LoA) approach. It is based on the use of physically sound theories where the accuracy of the mechanical parameters used in the design expressions can be refined, if needed, in successive LoA. In the initial design phases, simple and safe hypotheses allow performing preliminary design tasks within limited time, checking principal dimensions and identifying critical regions and failure modes. Refinements on the values of the mechanical parameters in successive LoA thereafter allow to increase the accuracy of the estimate of the strength and behaviour. In this paper, the main ideas and advantages of the LoA approach are introduced and explained. An example of how this approach can be used with reference to the shear design of bridge deck slabs is also presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The article uses research ways of following the whole lifespan of product and enterprise''s development course to research strategy of company''s product design and development. It announces enterprises of different nature, enterprises at different developing stage will adopt different mode strategy. It also announces close causality between development course of company and central technology and product. The result indicated in different developing stages such as company development period, crisis predicament period, lasting steadies period, improving by payback period, issues steadies secondary period, declining go and live period, enterprise should pursue different mode product tactics of research and development such as shrinking strategy, consolidating strategy, innovation keeping forging ahead strategy. Enterprise should break regular management mode to introduce different research and development mode to promote enterprise''s competitiveness effectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The article uses research ways of Enterprise localization and enterprise''s development course to research strategy of company''s product design and development. It announces at different stages for development, different kinds of enterprises will adopt product design and development policies of different modes. It also announces close causality between development course of company and central technology and product. The result indicated enterprises in leading position in market, technology and brand adopt pioneer strategy type of product research and development. These enterprise relying on the large-scale leading enterprise offering a complete set service adopts the passively duplicating type tactic of product research and development. Some enterprise in part of advantage in technology, market, management or brand adopt following up strategy of product research and development. The enterprises with relative advantage position adopt the strategy of technology applied taking optimizing services as centre in product research and development in fields of brand culture and market service. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper discusses a comparative study of national business support programmes in design operated by National Design Centres (NDCs) in the UK and South Korea. The research identified the drivers for, and barriers to, implementing national support programmes in design and presents the recommendations for new approaches to the development and implementation of such programmes. The research findings illustrate that while there are some similarities in barriers to implementing such programmes, government support for businesses through NDCs differs in the two countries due to the different content and structure of programme delivery. The research findings also indicate that critical issues influencing national support in design are autonomy and respective organizations' perspectives and purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve current design problems of long-span stay cables,this paper proposed a new design of cable-stayed bridges with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel composite stay cables. In this design, the CFRP stay cables with high strength-to-weight ratio are applied in the dead load condition, where the high strength of stay cables is needed ; while the steel stay cables with high stiffness and low cost are applied in the live load condition, where the stiffness of entire bridge is concerned. The design strategies and key design parameters for the proposed cable-stayed bridges were determined and the appropriate values of key design parameters were also suggested based on a parametric study. By comparing, it can be concluded that the proposed composite cable-stayed bridges have less cable sag and lower self-weight than cable-stayed bridges with steel stay cables and meanwhile have more stiffness and lower cost than those with CFRP stay cables. It is proved in this study that the use of CFRP and steel composite stay cables in cable-stayed bridges is feasible and the proposed composite cable-stayed bridges could become an excellent alternative to cable-stayed bridges with steel or CFRP stay cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As design problems are inherently indeterminate or wicked, we have to rely on various strategies when practicing design. In this paper, we propose a material strategy that emphasizes the expressional potential of computers. We argue how computers, in principle, can be understood as a material for design and how they can be part of a formgiving practice. We embark on the beginning of establishing a practical understanding of the computer as a material by articulating a number of material properties of computers. Two of these properties, computed causality and connectability, are given shape through material samples of a computational composite. The composite is in the form of a copper tile of which the computer controls the thermodynamic behavior. The material strategy proposed here which produced dramatic results is still in its infancy, but by adopting a material understanding of computers and beginning to embody the space of opportunities it unfolds, we take the first steps towards a new way of designing computational objects and architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric cable heating (ECH) system is a promising pavement snow-melting technology. However, the long-term operation of such systems entails considerable energy consumption, and results in energy waste and high economic cost. Relevant studies lack design strategies that simultaneously ensure optimal energy conservation, snow-melting performance, and mechanical performance of ECH systems. Moreover, the long-term performance of this pavement remains to be verified. Therefore, this study investigated comprehensive energy conservation design strategies for ECH systems. The effects of various parameters on an ECH system's snow-melting, energy consumption, and mechanical response were investigated using the finite element method. On the basis of the simulation results, a recommended design strategy was proposed which can conserve energy and ensure the system's snow-melting function and long-term structural safety. With this strategy, an ECH system was designed and constructed. The calculation results demonstrate that this strategy can reduce energy waste significantly while ensuring the snow-melting function. Moreover, in a field experiment, a one-third scale model mobile load simulator was adopted. After continuous loading 400,000 times, the average rutting depths of all test sections were less than 3 mm, which verified the long-term mechanical performance of the ECH system designed using the developed strategy. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent consumer trends of high demand for sustainability requires companies to have long-lasting and high value product-development strategies. Some researchers define these products as iconic, others as core. This study aims to illustrate the practical implications of effective long-term, product-design development, and management methods. We employ both qualitative and quantitative analyses and conduct a cause-and-effect analysis of the design features and brand images of long-lasting products of luxury brands with an emphasis on timeless design, high profitability, and recognition. The results show consumer priority when they recognize an iconic product as long-lasting and high value. Our analyses show the need for strategic, long-term product management to establish strong brand identity, and the importance of balancing physical characteristics based on invisible aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this exploratory paper is to generate a method of evaluating design interventions for organizational change in third sector and to apply this method to an ongoing design research project with a national social cooperative in Italy. The evaluation model is a way to present what changes and impacts that design, especially strategic design, could bring to organisations and how these results could enable organisations to fulfil its missions in a more “human-centered” process. The results will consist of a theoretical framework to evaluate, taking social cooperative as one example, and the applied results in an empirical project. In the future, this framework will be continuously developed in this and also other similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent consumer trends of high demand for sustainability requires companies to have long-lasting and high value product-development strategies. Some researchers define these products as iconic, others as core. This study aims to illustrate the practical implications of effective long-term, product-design development, and management methods. We employ both qualitative and quantitative analyses and conduct a cause-and-effect analysis of the design features and brand images of long-lasting products of luxury brands with an emphasis on timeless design, high profitability, and recognition. The results show consumer priority when they recognize an iconic product as long-lasting and high value. Our analyses show the need for strategic, long-term product management to establish strong brand identity, and the importance of balancing physical characteristics based on invisible aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this exploratory paper is to generate a method of evaluating design interventions for organizational change in third sector and to apply this method to an ongoing design research project with a national social cooperative in Italy. The evaluation model is a way to present what changes and impacts that design, especially strategic design, could bring to organisations and how these results could enable organisations to fulfil its missions in a more “human-centered” process. The results will consist of a theoretical framework to evaluate, taking social cooperative as one example, and the applied results in an empirical project. In the future, this framework will be continuously developed in this and also other similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To design hydraulic manifold block (HMB) with high through-flow quality, calculated fluid dynamic (CFD) method is utilized to study the flow characteristics for internal channel. The study results show that the layout and connection relationship of the channel has great influence on the performance of HMB. In the layout way which has a similar structure of channel connectivity, priority should be given to the same surface or neighborhood surfaces. To improve the quality of channel flow, according to the relationship of craft pore structure and pressure drop, the optimal design direction is put forward, which includes reducing the length of craft pore, increasing the craft pore diameter and so on. And then, by calculating the local resistance coefficient with low Reynolds number on the performance of right-angle turn, the design of right-angle turn is optimized. HMB structural optimization design strategy is established from a performance point, which makes foundation for the overall optimization design of HMB combined with performance constraints and structural constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]